LTE

Patrick Urgento

Sr Systems Engineer

What is LTE

• Specification managed by 3GPP organization• 3rd Generation Partnership Project• Scope to create global 3G spec based on GSM architecture• UMTS (Universal Mobile Telephone System) Rel 99• HSPDA (High Speed Download Packet Access) Rel 5• HSPUA (Upload Access) Rel 6• HSPA+ Rel 7, enhancements in Rel 8-10

• New LTE specification in Release 8, 4G Scope

What is 4G?

• 4th Generation of Mobile communications• First Gen Analog, AMPS• 2G, Digital, IncreaseVoice Capacity- TDMA, GSM & 1xRTT• 3G High Speed Data; EVDO, UMTS, HSPA

• ITU defines 4G as 100 Mbps mobile, 1 Gbps stationary• LTE-Advanced & WiMax 2.0 4G certified, theoretically capable• Realistic? Nokia lab demo w/ 8 antennas, 60 MHz & 1 user

• Market 4G defined as ~10X 3G or 5-10+ Mbps• Current gen WiMax, LTE & HSPA+

LTE Multiplexing

• 1G: FDMA 1 user, 1 channel, 30kHz, add channels for more users• 2G: CDMA or TDMA, 200 kHz to 1.25 MHz• 3G: CDMA & TDMA hybrid

• 1.25 to 5 MHz channels• 1.2288 to 3.84 MSps

• 4G: LTE & WiMax = OFDM• Slow down symbol rates, use multiple orthogonal frequencies• 15kHz channels Orthogonally spaced. 15 kSps• 802.11 A,G,N & HDTV all use OFDM

LTE Channel Sizes

• 2G; GSM= 200 kHz, 1xRTT = 1.25 MHz• 3G; HSPA = 5 MHz, EVDO = 1.25 MH• Wasted spectrum

• Guard bands between carriers or left• Leftover spectrum unused Holdings

• LTE is Flexible Channel Size• 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 or 20 Mhz• ~100 subcarriers per MHz (128, 256, 512, 1024, 1536 or 2048)• Subcarriers are 15 kHz

LTE Releases

• Release 8• Initial LTE release• Up to 4x4 MIMO

• Release 9• Minor enhancements• Currently built out by VZ, ATT & S

• Release 10, LTE Advanced• 2013 Commercial Availability• Channel bonding up to 5X • 8x8 MIMO, SON

Voice & LTE

• LTE is a data focused technology, 3GPP never specified voice• CSFB-Circuit Switched Fall Back

• Use 2G/3G technology to carry Voice, 1xRTT,UMTS, HSPA• SVLTE, Simultaneous Voice and LTE, uses extra power

• Currently deployed• VoLTE- Carrier controlled COS VoIP with IMS interconnection

• Efficient Cellular codecs, IMS transcodes to SIP or PSTN• Widely agreed upon, most likely future

• OTT (Over the Top), Skype, Vonage, etc• No Quality of Service, inefficient codecs

WIIFM?

• How fast is it? Depends?• Channel size, Carrier Bonding, MIMO• Network Load -> Pricing• Signal Strength more important than ever

• What does it do for me?• “Greasy Fast Speed!!!” • Wireline performance, latency, throughput• More applications, More operational users• Better Video Communications (Surveillance, Training, Service)• Consolidate Voice, VoIP, SIP