02 ups principles (level 0 & 1)_2011_eng
TRANSCRIPT
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Hitec UPS principles
Hitec Power ProtectionUPS Academy
Ride through systems Diesel UPS systems
www.hitec-ups.com
Key functions of the UPS
Build-up of the Hitec UPS
Contents
Induction Coupling machine (IC)
Power Generating Module (PGM)
Hitec UPS principles
UPS System operation (normal & diesel (emergency))
Sub components of the total UPS system
UPS output measurements: doing what it should do?
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Key function of the UPS
Mains Customer
The solutionThe problems The result:
7. Continuous Quality Power1. Spikes
2. Frequency Variations
3. Voltage Sags
4. Outages
5. Harmonic Distortions
6. Transients
Uninterrupted Power
Quality frequency: 50/60 Hz
Quality voltage: 400/480 V
Clean sine-wave
Basic build-up of the Hitec UPS
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At a utility failure a diesel engine has to take over the power supply
The Diesel-Generator (Genset) principle
and that takes time .
To bridge the time between the moment of utility failure and themoment the diesel engine can drive the generator
The UPS principle
. an Induction Coupling is used to drive the generatorso it can directly take over the energy supply to the load(Makes it an Un-interrupted Power Supply System (UPS))
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Like a battery, the induction coupling
it is a device that stores energy.
The Induction Coupling (IC) principle
In this case it stores kinetic energy via a flywheel. Enough to givethe engine time for start-up and being able to deliver full power.
The Induction Coupling 2 rotors
Outer rotor with accelerating
and decelerating windings
Free rotating inner rotor
(flywheel) for the storage of energy
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Construction of the Induction Coupling
Housing
Outer rotor
Inner rotor
Bearing shield
Inner bearing
Fan
Outer bearing
Shield & shaft
Grease catch tray
. is an asynchronous motor.
The Induction Coupling
With a rotating stator .
(Outer rotor)
.. and a rotor(Inner rotor)
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One to speed up the inner rotor
(AC Windings).
IC outer rotor has two sets of windings
(regulated) the stored kinetic energy
(DC Windings)
Supply for the 2 sets of windings of the
induction coupling (AC & regulated DC)
Indirect, via a twinexciter that producesboth the AC as the DCand then feed it in thewindings (VQ type IC).
Direct, via twosets of brushes tofeed AC or DCinto the windings(XQ type IC).
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Free-
wheel
clutch
Dieselinner
Induction
coupling
Slip-rings
Power Generating Module (XQ)
ro or
outer
rotor
Generator
Base frame
Free-
wheel
clutch
Dieselinner
Induction
couplingBrushlessexciter
Power Generating Module (VQ)
ro or
outer
rotor
Generator
Base frame
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HITEC UPS principle
Q1 Q2
Q3
Utility
OK Load
Alternator in
Running 1500 / 1800 RPM@ 50 / 60 Hz
o or unc on
HITEC UPS principle
Q1 opens Q2
Q3
Load
Alternator direct in
Utility
Not OK
Still running 1500 / 1800 RPM & sogenerating now directly 50 / 60 Hz !
(Sine wave continues)
generating function
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HITEC UPS principle
Q1 open Q2
Q3
Load
Alternator in
Utility
Not OK
2 energy
Keep it running on 1500 / 1800 RPM& to generating ongoing 50 / 60 Hz !
generating unction
HITEC UPS single system
Q1 Q2
Q3
Utility Load
AlternatorDiesel engine
Choke coil
Inductioncoupling
Freewheel clutch
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HITEC UPS single system
Filtering / Voltage & PF improvement
Works like a band filter
only 50/60 Hz will pass
Dynamic filter*; takes care of clean output sine wave.
Voltage improvement*; takes care of stable output voltage.
Power Factor improver*; takes care of different load types (PF/Cos) and
compensates up to PF/Cos1 at the UPS input (no PF compensation needed)
*These functions are 24x365 available (UPS is running ongoing in parallel with the mains)
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System operation
Dependent system load
Speed(rpm)
n
3n*
Normal OperationDiesel OperationNormal Operation
0
Time X XY [Z
*RPM depend on system & IC typeUtility failure moment
Normal operation
Main power flow
1500 RPM 50Hz
1800 RPM 60Hz
Q2Q1
AC
0
n
3n*Generator is running in motor mode.Reactor and generator functions asactive filter & voltage stabilizer.
The induction coupling keeps kineticenergy stored (AC windings energized).
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Transfer from Normal into
Diesel/Emergency operation
Q2Q1
Main power flow
DC
0
n
3n*Utility problem; Q1 opens, energy fromthe inner rotor goes, via the generator,to the load. The diesel engine starts upand takes over the power supply.
Diesel/Emergency operation
Synchronizing
Q2Q1
Main power flow
AC 3n*
n
0
The speed of the engine is controlledensuring a constant output frequency.The outer rotor of the IC is re-energizedto speed up the inner rotor (AC). Whenutility is OK the UPS synchronizes to it.
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Transfer from Diesel/Emergency backinto Normal operation
Main power flow
3
Q1 Q2
AC
After the mains acceptance time** Q1 closes.
The diesel engine ramps down 50 rpm and
the free-wheel clutch disengages. It will
continue 3 minutes for cool down purposes.
3n*
n
0
** Time depend on type of System 10-20 min.
Normal operation
Main power flow
1500 RPM 50Hz
1800 RPM 60Hz
Q2Q1
AC
0
n
3n*Generator is running in motor mode.Reactor and generator functions asactive filter & voltage stabilizer.
The induction coupling keeps kineticenergy stored (AC windings energized).
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Total UPS System
The sub components of the UPS System
GeneratorDiesel engine
Chokecoil Switchgear
Cooling system
Inductioncoupling
Freewheelclutch
Dicon
Control panel
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Diesel Engine Start
Starting is only ramping up of the diesel engine as the generatoris already running.
*
The engine should therefore beongoing ready for quickstarting:
. .it will deliver full power after again 5* seconds.
- hourly* pre-lubricated
-ongoing pre-heated (ongoing)
* Depends on type of diesel
A gravity fed fuel system isused for the flow from the
Diesel Engine
ay an o e eng ne(gravity works always!).
For filling the day tankfrom the bulk tank* fuelpumps are used.
Starting redundancy options*:
- Redundant batteries
- Redundant starter motors
- RSP system (makes 24 DC of the UPS 400/480 AC output voltage)
* Depends on project & diesel engine
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Cooling System
UPS system needs two cooling functions:
- .
- UPS Room cooling.
These functions can be integrated or viaseparate equipment.
Free-Wheel Clutch (GMN type)
Diesel engine
IC outer rotor
When the dieselenginespeed reaches theouter rotor speed ofthe induction
cou lin the free-wheel clutchautomatically engages.
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Free-Wheel Clutch (Stieber type)
Outer race connectedto the induction coupling
Inner race connected tothe diesel engine
When the dieselengine speedreaches the outer rotor speedof the induction coupling, thefree-wheel clutch automaticallyengages.
Unit Control Panel (UCP) Unit Reactor Panel (URP)
UPS Module key panels (Analog HMI)
Human Machine Interface (HMI)
Main Power Board (MPB)
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UPS Module key panels (Touch Screen HMI)
Unit Control Panel (UCP)
Unit Reactor Panel (URP)
Human Machine Interface (HMI)
Main Power Board (MPB)
Measuring Hitec UPS performance
Utility failure with 100% load
Moment of
Mainsvol tage
Outputvo l tage
1500/1800
Mains Voltage
Diesel engine
RPM
mains failure
50/60 Hz
-1% / -1, 5% Hz*
1 sec.
50/60 Hz line
Output frequency
Free-wheelclutch engaging
Dieselstart
*Specifi cati on depends on type ofsyst em & type of inducti on coupling
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Test field example recording
All Hitec UPS modules are tested on the test-field & on site under full load condition.
1cm=
0,5
Hz
50 Hz
1 = Output voltage
2 = Output frequency
3 = Mains voltage
4 = Diesel speed
5 = DC current IC
1 cm = 200
ms
UPS internal measurement function
At every utility failure, the UPSs reactionis recorded and can be used for analyzing
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Hitec UPS principles
Hitec Power ProtectionUPS Academy
Ride through systems Diesel UPS systems
www.hitec-ups.com