03 introduction to carbon cycle
TRANSCRIPT
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Question of the day:
Why is carbon important to life and to energy?
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Overview• Basics of Carbon
– What is carbon– How it is used biologically
• How is carbon cycled– Photosynthesis– Respiration– Sequestration– Sinks– Balance of the cycle
• Human intervention– Burning of fossil fuels– Removal of sinks– Disruption of balance
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What is Carbon?
• The most important element for life on Earth
• Backbone of organic molecules
• Storage and transfer of energy
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Where did this biomass come from?
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Organic molecules game
• What is the most complicated structure you can make?
– Use all bonds and all atoms
CO2 H2O
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Glucose
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Cellulose
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Caffeine
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DNA
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Photosynthesis
6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2Photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
Water Organic matter Oxygen
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RespirationC6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
Respiration: using energy stored in organic carbon
Carbon dioxide released to atmosphere
WaterOrganic matter
Oxygen
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Back to the tree…
• ~50% water by weight
• ~45% dry weight is C in organic matter
– Most of remainder is O, H in organic compounds
• Organic matter is rich in C-C and C-H bonds, which release energy when broken
• Organic carbon is used as energy ‘currency’
– it can be used immediately, stored, or transferred to other organisms
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Fossil fuels
• “Fossil” or ancient biomass
• Formed because of incomplete decomposition of dead organisms (mostly algae and plants), under pressure
Oil
Natural gas (methane)
Coal
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Burning any kind of organic carbon, including fossil fuels, releases
energy and carbon dioxide
We are burning fossil fuels about a million times faster than they were formed.
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Respiration vs. burning fossil fuels
• Both convert organic carbon and O2 to CO2
and H2O
• Show “Now is the Time” or Competitive Enterprise Institute’s PSA
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Carbon footprint exercise
• http://calc.zerofootprint.net/youth/iEarn
• http://footprint.stanford.edu/index.html
• http://www.wattzon.com/
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CO2 backpack
• What would it feel like if you had to carry around the weight of your emissions?
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Convert from tons/year to pounds /day
• 1 metric ton = 2205 pounds
• 1 year = 365 days
• so 1 ton/year = 6.04 pounds/day