05-05-04datacollectiontechnologiespresentation

7/28/2019 05-05-04DataCollectionTechnologiesPresentation

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Data CollectionData CollectionTechnologies for RoadTechnologies for Road

ManagementManagement

Brown Bag Lunch PresentationBrown Bag Lunch Presentation

4 May 20054 May 2005

Christopher R. BennettChristopher R. Bennett

EASTREASTR


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IntroductionIntroduction


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Project ObjectivesProject Objectives

Give an overview of technologies available toGive an overview of technologies available tocollect data oncollect data on

GG PavementsPavements

GG

BridgesBridges

GG Traffic Volume and WeightTraffic Volume and Weight

Provide information to managers to helpProvide information to managers to help

GG Establish an appropriate data collectionEstablish an appropriate data collection

programprogram

GG Procure appropriate equipmentProcure appropriate equipment


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Project DetailsProject Details

Funded by TRISPFunded by TRISPGroup EffortGroup Effort

GG C.R. Bennett (World Bank)C.R. Bennett (World Bank)

GG

H. deH. de SolminihacSolminihac/A. Chamorro (Catholic/A. Chamorro (CatholicUniversity Chile)University Chile) -- PavementsPavements

GG G.G. FlintschFlintsch/C. Chen (Virginia Tech)/C. Chen (Virginia Tech) -- BridgesBridges

andand TrafficTraffic

GG ConductedConducted research and user surveysresearch and user surveys

Outputs:Outputs:

GG ReportReport

GG www.roadwww.road--management.infomanagement.info


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Road Management DataRoad Management Data

ProjectFocus


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Categories of DataCategories of Data

InventoryInventoryGG Physical elementsPhysical elements

of systemof system

GG Do not changeDo not change

markedly overmarkedly over

timetime

GG TypicallyTypically

measured inmeasured in oneoneoffoff exercise andexercise and

updatedupdated

ConditionConditionGG Change over timeChange over time

GG Require regularRequire regular

(or irregular)(or irregular)

monitoringmonitoring


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What to Collect?What to Collect?

Foundational questionFoundational questionDecision often based onDecision often based on

GG Wish list (Wish list (nice to havenice to have))

GG

Existing or historical data collectionExisting or historical data collectionprocessesprocesses

Can lead to data collection becoming an end inCan lead to data collection becoming an end initselfitself

Excessive or inefficient data collection couldExcessive or inefficient data collection couldcompromise projectcompromise project


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Recommended ApproachRecommended Approach

Collect only the data you needCollect only the data you needCollect data to the lowest level of detailCollect data to the lowest level of detailsufficient to make an appropriate decisionsufficient to make an appropriate decision

Collect data only when they are neededCollect data only when they are needed

Use pilot studies to test the appropriateness ofUse pilot studies to test the appropriateness ofthe approachthe approach


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Information Quality LevelsInformation Quality Levels

Performance

Structure Condition

Ride Distress Friction

IQL-5

IQL-4

IQL-3

IQL-2

IQL-1

System Performance

Monitoring

Planning and

Performance Evaluation

Programme Analysis or

Detailed Planning

Project Level or

Detailed Programme

Project Detail or

Research

HIGH LEVEL DATA

LOW LEVEL DATA


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Survey FrequencySurvey Frequency

Inventory DataInventory Data

GG

One off exerciseOne off exercise

GG Updated/verified ~5 yearsUpdated/verified ~5 years

Pavement Condition DataPavement Condition Data

GG Main roads 1Main roads 1--2 years2 years

GG Minor roads ~2Minor roads ~2--5 years5 years

Bridge Condition DataBridge Condition Data

GG Regular surveys 1Regular surveys 1--2 years2 years

GG Intensive surveys ~5 yearsIntensive surveys ~5 years

Traffic DataTraffic Data

GG Permanent count stations (24/7/365)Permanent count stations (24/7/365)

GG ShortShort--term count stations (~ 1term count stations (~ 1 -- 7 days)7 days)


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Location ReferencingLocation Referencing


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The Most Important IssueThe Most Important Issue

Unless properly referenced, data will be ofUnless properly referenced, data will be oflimited uselimited use

Two elements:Two elements:

GG The locationThe location

GG The address used to identify the locationThe address used to identify the location

Three components:Three components:

GG Identification of a known point (Identification of a known point (egegkm stone)km stone)

GG Direction (Direction (ieie increasing/decreasing)increasing/decreasing)

GG Distance measurement (Distance measurement (ieiedisplacement/displacement/

offset)offset)


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One LocationOne Location -- ManyMany

AddressesAddresses

0 1 20.9 km 1.0 km

0.4 km

R R

0.5 km

km point: 1.3

km post: 1.4

ref post: 1 + 0.4

ref post: 2 - 0.6

ref point: RR239 + 0.8

Addresses

Location

RR239


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Linear ReferencingLinear Referencing

Most commonMost commonDifferent methodsDifferent methods

GG Kilometre point (Kilometre point (e.g.,e.g., 9.29)9.29)

GG

Kilometre post (Kilometre post (e.g.,e.g., 9.29 with equations)9.29 with equations)GG Reference point (Reference point (e.g.,e.g., xx + 0.29)xx + 0.29)

GG Reference post (Reference post (e.g.,e.g., xx + 0.29)xx + 0.29)


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Spatial ReferencingSpatial Referencing

Latitude/LongitudeLatitude/LongitudeUsually measured with GPSUsually measured with GPS

GG Accuracy typically 95% +/Accuracy typically 95% +/-- 10 m10 m

Improved through differential correction orImproved through differential correction orpostpost--processingprocessing

GG Survey issues will typically give accuracy +/Survey issues will typically give accuracy +/--

1 m1 m

Recorded in WGS84 datum and so usuallyRecorded in WGS84 datum and so usuallyneeds to be converted to local coneeds to be converted to local co--ordinateordinate

systemsystem


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Example of Projection ProblemExample of Projection Problem


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GPS Topological CorrectionsGPS Topological Corrections


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Pavement Data CollectionPavement Data Collection


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Pavement Data FrameworkPavement Data Framework


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Measurement EquipmentMeasurement Equipment

TypesTypes


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MultiMulti

--function Systemsfunction Systems

Measure multiple attributes in a single passMeasure multiple attributes in a single passMost cost effective and reduces locationMost cost effective and reduces location

referencing issuesreferencing issues

Two groups:Two groups:

GG Portable systems: installed in any vehiclePortable systems: installed in any vehicle

GG Dedicated systems: custom instrumentedDedicated systems: custom instrumented

vehiclevehicle

Portable usually cheaper and more sustainablePortable usually cheaper and more sustainablebut sophisticated measurements requirebut sophisticated measurements require

dedicated vehiclededicated vehicle


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Location ReferencingLocation Referencing

Digital DMI (< $1 k)Digital DMI (< $1 k)GPS (< $1GPS (< $1 10 k)10 k)

GPS with Inertial System (< $2GPS with Inertial System (< $2 -- 15 k)15 k)


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Video LoggingVideo Logging


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GeometryGeometry

Combine GPS and precision gyroscopes/Combine GPS and precision gyroscopes/inclinometers (> $50k)inclinometers (> $50k)

Precise 3Precise 3--D measurements including crossD measurements including cross--fallfall


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RoughnessRoughness

BumpinessBumpiness of roadof road

Usually related toUsually related toservicabilityservicability but alsobut also

reflects structuralreflects structural

deteriorationdeteriorationAffects VOC, safety,Affects VOC, safety,

comfort, speedcomfort, speed

Most commonly expressedMost commonly expressedas IRIas IRI

IRI simulates response ofIRI simulates response ofQuarterQuarter--carcar to road profileto road profile


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Types of EquipmentTypes of Equipment


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Roughness MeasurementsRoughness Measurements

Class I

Class III


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Variability Between Class IVariability Between Class I

InstrumentsInstruments

0

10

20

30

140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

Section 513 measurements > 220 in/mi

IRI (in/mi)

Number of Measurements

,5, PNP


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Comparison of FootprintsComparison of Footprints


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TextureTexture

Measurements focusMeasurements focusonon microtexturemicrotexture andand

macrotexturemacrotexture

High speedHigh speed

measurements usemeasurements uselaserslasers

Expressed as theExpressed as the

MPD or SMTDMPD or SMTD


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Texture MeasurementsTexture Measurements

Macrotexture

Microtexture


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Skid ResistanceSkid Resistance

Primarily function of surface texturePrimarily function of surface textureTire contact with texture createsTire contact with texture creates gripgrip underunder

wet conditionswet conditions

Speed has impactSpeed has impact

GG < 70 km/h:< 70 km/h: microtexturemicrotexture dominatesdominates

GG > 70 km/h:> 70 km/h: macrotexturemacrotexture importantimportant

Measured indirectly by operating wet tire onMeasured indirectly by operating wet tire on

pavementpavementOften expressed as IFIOften expressed as IFI


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Skid ResistanceSkid Resistance

MeasurementsMeasurements

Dynamic

Static


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Structural CapacityStructural Capacity

DestructiveDestructivetechniquestechniques

GG CoringCoring

GG DCPDCP

NonNon--destructivedestructivetechniquestechniques

GG DeflectionDeflection

measurementsmeasurements


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DeflectometersDeflectometers

Trailer FWD Vehicle FWD Portable


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Benkelman BeamBenkelman Beam


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Ground Penetrating RadarGround Penetrating Radar


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Surface DistressesSurface Distresses

Performed manually or with automatedPerformed manually or with automated

equipmentequipment

Includes:Includes:

GG CrackingCracking

GG Surface DefectsSurface Defects

GG DeformationsDeformations

Great variation in measures used betweenGreat variation in measures used between

countriescountries


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Distress MeasurementsDistress Measurements


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Video Distress AnalysisVideo Distress Analysis


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Current SituationCurrent Situation VideoVideo

DistressDistress

A number of successful commercial systemsA number of successful commercial systems

Some degree of human intervention requiredSome degree of human intervention required

Systems usually expensive (> $200 k) andSystems usually expensive (> $200 k) andrequire dedicated vehicles with supplementalrequire dedicated vehicles with supplemental

lightinglighting

TechnologyTechnology evolvingevolving


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Rut DepthsRut Depths

Measured usingMeasured usingdiscrete sensorsdiscrete sensors

(ultrasonic/laser) or(ultrasonic/laser) or

lineline

Data analyzed toData analyzed tosimulate rut depthsimulate rut depthunder a straight edgeunder a straight edge

Systematic underSystematic under--recording withrecording with

discrete sensorsdiscrete sensors


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Selecting EquipmentSelecting Equipment

Used multiUsed multi--criteria analysis based on surveycriteria analysis based on surveyand literature reviewand literature review


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Cost/Performance MatrixCost/Performance Matrix


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Types of Traffic EquipmentTypes of Traffic Equipment

Generally twoGenerally twocomponentscomponents

GG SensorSensor

GG Data LoggerData Logger

DifferentDifferenttechnologies fortechnologies for

differentdifferent

purposespurposes


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ClassificationsClassifications

Based on numberBased on numberof axles and axleof axles and axle

spacingsspacings or lengthor length

Different countriesDifferent countries

have differenthave differentsystemssystems

Important to beImportant to beable to set up forable to set up for

local vehicle fleetlocal vehicle fleet

Data Produced by DifferentData Produced by Different


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Data Produced by DifferentData Produced by Different

SensorsSensors


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Examples of SensorsExamples of Sensors

InductanceLoop

Video Detection


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Manual CountersManual Counters


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Vehicle Weighing EquipmentVehicle Weighing Equipment

Static Plate

CapacitancePad


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WIM ClassificationsWIM Classifications

Type IType I high accuracy data collection systemshigh accuracy data collection systems(typically bending plate scale type WIM);(typically bending plate scale type WIM);

Type IIType II lower cost data collection systemslower cost data collection systems(typically piezoelectric scale type WIM);(typically piezoelectric scale type WIM);

Type IIIType III systems for use in a sortingsystems for use in a sorting

application at weigh station entrance rampsapplication at weigh station entrance ramps(bending plate or deep pit load cell type WIM) at(bending plate or deep pit load cell type WIM) at

speeds from 15 to 50 mph;speeds from 15 to 50 mph;

Type IVType IV lowlow--speed WIMspeed WIM


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Suitability RankingsSuitability Rankings

05-05-04datacollectiontechnologiespresentation

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