Consolidation

Real Soils

• nonlinear – stress is not proportional to strain

• elastoplastic – strain is not fully recovered upon unloading

• viscoelastic – stress-strain response is time dependent

• nonconservative – stress-strain response is history dependent

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

Figure 8.3a

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

Figure 8.3b

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

Coefficient of volume change∆∆ ′

Figure 8.4a

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

Constrained Modulus∆ ′∆

M

1

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

Coefficient of compressibility∆∆ ′

Figure 8.4b

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

Figure 8.5a

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

Figure 8.5b

freewater

surface

Effective stressNeutral stressTotal stress

´ = u = wd = wd

lakebed

d

freewater

surface

z

Effective stressNeutral stressTotal stress

´ = ´zu = w(z+d) = satz + w(z+d)

lakebed

d

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

Figure 8.8

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

Figure 8.6

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

8

9

10

11

12

13

CL

CL

ML

CH

SP

CH

Figure 8.9a

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

Figure 8.15a

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

Figure 8.9c

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

Figure 8.9d

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

Figure 8.9h

(Holtz & Kovacs, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, 1981)

Figure 8.9h