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South and Southeast Asia

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Goals

Understand the late Neolithic origins of Indian and Southeast

Asian art and culture. Understand how the indigenous beliefs and the beginnings of

Buddhism and Hinduism influenced the art and architecture.

Identify hallmarks of architecture from Hindu and Buddhist

monuments. Understand the artistic influence of Buddhism and Hinduism in

Southeast Asia and the varying appearances of the human figure

in art.

Identify hallmarks of temple and monastic architecture in

Southeast Asia

Understand the role of the monarchs in Southeast Asia in the

middle ages.

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6.1 India and Pakistan

Understand the late Neolithic urban development of

northern India and Pakistan in the Indus Valley.

Examine early art form and compare with Near Eastern and

Egyptian arts of the same time period.

Examine indigenous beliefs as they lead to the origins of

Buddhism and Hindu belief systems. Identify the first Buddhist leader and the influence on art and

architecture in the early dynasties.

Understand the artistic influences of the Gandhara and

Mathura regions of the Kushan dynasty. Explore the Buddhist and Hindu imagery and temples of the

Gupta dynasty and afterwards in India.

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The Indus Valley

Understand the late Neolithic urban development of

northern India and Pakistan in the Indus Valley.

Examine early art form and compare with Near Eastern and

Egyptian arts of the same time period.

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Art and Architecture in the Early Dynasties

Identify the first Buddhist leader and the influence on art andarchitecture in the early dynasties. Explore the construction and purpose of the Buddhist Stupa.

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The Early Art of Buddhism

Understand how the early art of Buddhism relates to pre-Hindu ideas and imagery.

Understand why abstract imagerythe wheel, the bohdi tree

-- is also used in early Buddhism.

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Figure 6-8 Section (top right), and plan (bottom

right) of chaitya hall, Karle, India, ca. 100 CE.

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Gandhara and Mathura

Examine the design traditions and influences in the Buddhistart from Gandhara.

Understand why the Buddhist art from Mathura presents a

different tradition.

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Art of the Guptas

Examine the Buddhist and Hindu imagery of the paintedcaves of Ajanta.

Explore ideas of Buddhist and Hindu coexistence in Shiva

and Vishnu imagery.

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The Belief Systems

Examine indigenous beliefs as they lead to the origins of

Buddhism and Hindu belief systems.

The Vedas: great religious knowledge written in Sanskrit

The Upanishads: samsara, karma, moksha (nirvana)

Hinduism: an outgrowth of indigenous beliefs coupled with

the Vedas and the Upanishads, codified between 8-500 bce. Buddhism: a reaction to indigenous beliefs begun with the

preaching of Siddartha Gautama, the Buddha after 500 bce.

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6.2 Southeast Asia

Understand the artistic influence of Buddhism and

Hinduism, combined with the indigenous beliefs of the

various peoples of Southeast Asia.

Identify hallmarks of monumental temple and monastery

architecture in Southeast Asia.

Understand the different presentations of the human formbetween India and Southeast Asia.

Identify the key leaders in the middle ages whose works set

the standards for art and architecture.

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Art of Southeast Asia

Understand the artistic influence of Buddhism and

Hinduism, combined with the indigenous beliefs of the

various peoples of Southeast Asia.

Identify hallmarks of monumental temple and monastery

architecture in Southeast Asia.

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The Human Image in Southeast Asia

Understand the different presentations of the human form

between India and Southeast Asia.

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The Khmer Kingship

Identify the key leaders in the middle ages whose works set

the standards for art and architecture.

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Discussion Questions

What ideologies in Buddhism and Hinduism determined

the appearance of figures in art and architecture? Why does the Buddhas appearance change in different

places and time periods? Do you think that the Gandharan style is the result of

Alexander the Great and the Greeks contact with India?

Explain why or why not (or to what extent). What is the purpose of the Stupa and how is it similar ordifferent from other large scale architecture we haveexamined?