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This PowerPoint presentation accompanies

Closeup Teaching Unit

The Protestant Reformation

1300 1570 CE

Martin Luther: TheProtestant Reformation

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Martin Luther

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Who was Martin Luther?

Born in Germany in

1483.

After surviving aviolent storm, he

vowed to become amonk.

Lived in the city of

Wittenberg.

Died in 1546.

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Definitions

Protest

To express strongobjection

Reform

To improve bycorrecting errors

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Problems in the Church

Corruption

Political Conflicts

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Corruption

The Church raisedmoney throughpractices like

simony and sellingindulgences.

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Advantages of BuyingIndulgences

Go Directly to Heaven!

Do not go to Hell!

Do not go to Purgatory!

Get through Purgatory faster!Do not pass Go!

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Political Conflict

KINGS ANDQUEENS

POPES

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Urbanus_VI.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Philippe_IV_Le_Bel.jpg

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Papal Schism

In 1301, the king tried to tax the French clergy.

The pope threatened to excommunicate the king and

so was arrested. He was later released. The next pope, Clement V, moved the headquarters

of the Church from Rome to Avignon in southernFrance.

Many people felt that the French kings controlled the

Church.

Rome Avignon

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Three Popes!

The next six popes lived in Avignon. PopeGregory then moved the papacy back toRome in 1377.

When Gregory died, the French cardinals

did not like the new pope in Rome, so theyelected a different pope in Avignon.

Later, a Church council elected a third

pope.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Antipope_Alexander_V_(1409-1410).JPGhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Gregory_XII.jpg

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Calls for Reform

John Wycliffe (1330-1384)

Questioned the authority ofthe pope

Jan Hus (1370-1415)

Criticized the vast wealth ofthe Church

Desiderius Erasmus (1469-1536)

Attacked corruption in theChurch

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Luther Looks for Reforms

Luther criticized Church

practices, like sellingindulgences.

He wanted to begin a

discussion within theChurch about the truepath to salvation.

He nailed his Ninety-Five Theses, orarguments, to the doorof Wittenberg cathedral

for all to see.

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Protestant Teaching:Justification by Faith Alone

The Bible is theonly source oftruth.

People can readand understandthe Bible

themselves.

Salvation comesonly through

faith in Christ.

Luthers Bible

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Excommunication

Pope Leo X demanded that Luther recant 41of his Ninety-Five Theses.

Luther was brought before the Diet ofWorms.

In January 1521, Luther was

excommunicated from the Church.

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The Printing Press

Luthers ideas spread

quickly with the help ofthe printing press.

Luthers supportersdistributed copies ofhis speeches andessays far and wide.

Millions of people sidedwith Luther against theRoman CatholicChurch.

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A New Church

Luther soon had many

followers. His supporters began to

organize a new Christiandenomination.

Several German princes

supported Luther.

Lutherans and Catholicsfought each other.

The first wars ended with theTreaty of Augsburg, butfighting in Europe overreligion continued to the mid-seventeenth century.

Saint Bartholomews

Day massacre

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Lutheranism

Luthers followersdisagreed with manyof the teachings ofthe Catholic Church.

They rejected theauthority of Churchcouncils and thepope.

Reading the Biblewas the only way tolearn how to lead agood life.

Luther translated

the Bible into

German

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The Reformation spread toother countries.

France and Switzerland:

John Calvin preached theidea of predestinationand that some people

had been chosen by Godfor salvation.

England:

King Henry VIII refused torecognize the RomanCatholic Church andstarted a new church, theChurch of England.

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The End