Introduction to Introduction to CDMACDMA

ObjectivesObjectives

Introduce CDMA Networks – What is CDMA?– What are the benefits?– What is CDMA2000?– Future of CDMA– How does a CDMA call work?

What is CDMA?What is CDMA?Code Division Multiple Access

– Unique identification of users through digital codes

– Simultaneous use of radio spectrum by multiple users

Digital Spread Spectrum TechnologyUses wideband radio channelBuilt-in interference minimization

CDMA ConceptCDMA Concept

• Cocktail party in same room (same wide band channel)• Use different languages (different digital codes)

$%&@# This is John DoeCDMA can bring bigbusiness

CDMA AdvantagesCDMA Advantages Advantages from a user perspective

– Inherent privacy– Higher capacity– Increased battery life– Reliable handoffs (Soft handoff)– Quality (Multipath diversity)

Advantages from an operator perspective– Simpler deployment (Same frequency everywhere)– Capacity (Variable rate coding, power control)– Cost reduction (backhaul efficiency)– Fully compatible evolution path

Cell A Cell B

Soft HandoffSoft Handoff“Make-before-break” approachGraceful, non-muted handoffAllows mobile to transmit with less

power requirements

Power ControlPower Control Increases battery life Dynamic control of power transmitted to

and from mobile Reduces interference to other users Increases system capacity

CDMA2000CDMA2000

CS-CN

CDMA2000 Network CDMA2000 Network ArchitectureArchitecture

HLR

BTSMS

RAN PS-CNBSC

PDSN/ FAHA

AC

IP Network

Internet

AAA Server

MSC/VLR IS-41

cdma2000 (1x) Capabilitiescdma2000 (1x) Capabilities

Technology Data Rates Spectrum Services

IS-95 A/B 115.2 kbps 1.25 MHzVoice and circuit

switched data services

1xRTT 614.4 kbps 1.25 MHzVoice, circuit data, and packet data

1X-EV-DO 2.45 Mbps 1.25 MHzPacket data

services

1X-EV-DV 3.09 Mbps 1.25 MHz

Voice, Circuit, Packet and multimedia

services

CDMA2000 Major Players CDMA2000 Major Players

Equipment Vendors

Ericsson

Lucent Technologies

Motorola

Nortel Networks

Handsets

LG

Motorola

Nokia

Kyocera

Samsung

Service Providers

Sprint PCS Verizon Bell Mobility

North America

India Tata, Reliance,

BSNL

JapanKorea

KDDI SK Telecom

Organizations

CDMA Development Group (CDG)

3G Global Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)

1x1x

• Backward compatible with IS-95

• IS-95 and 1x users supported on the same carrier

• Higher capacity (expected gain > 50%)

• True support for high-speed packet data

• Supplemental channel provides support for asymmetric data rates and bandwidth on demand

1.25 MHz Carrier (same as IS-95)1.2288 Mcps spreading rate (same as IS-95)

1xEV-DO1xEV-DO

Data evolution option for CDMA2000

networks

Provides data rates up to 2 Mbps using 1x

carrier

Does not provide voice services, optimized

for data services only

Requires dedicated carrier

IS-95 1xEV-DO

For Voice + Data

High-Speed Data1x

1xEV-DO

1xEV-DV1xEV-DV

Data and voice evolution option for

CDMA2000 networks

Provides data rates up to 3 Mbps using 1x

carrier

Supports voice and data simultaneously

Backward compatible to 1x – can share

same carrier

IS-95Voice and

High Speed Data1x1xEV-

DV

End-to-End FlowsEnd-to-End Flows

Circuit-Switched Call SetupCircuit-Switched Call Setup

MS

BS

C/ B

TS

Service Connect and

Synchronization

Radio Channel Terrestrial Link

MS

C

Radio Link Setup

Terrestrial Link Setup

Authentication

Service Request

Exchange

Service Request

Exchange

Packet-Switched Call SetupPacket-Switched Call Setup

MS

BS

C/ B

TS

Service Connect and

Synchronization

Radio ChannelR-P Session

Link

MS

C

Radio Link Setup R-P Session

SetupPD

SN

Service Request

Exchange

Service Request

Exchange

RAN Authentication

Point-to-Point Connection Setup

HAIP

Network

Mobility related connection/setup (if required)

IS-41

HLR/AC

SummarySummary

CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access CDMA uses the same frequency in adjacent cells User channels are differentiated using unique

digital codes (similar to different languages) Soft handoff is making a new link before dropping

the old one Soft handoff increases reliability of handovers Major CDMA providers in India are Tata Tele,

Reliance, BSNL 2 evolution options for 1x CDMA: 1xEV-DO (Data

Only) and 1xEV-DV (Data and Voice)