06jan febotfnl
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
1/28
39th Annual Ohio Turfgrass Conference & ShowContinuing the Tradition of Success!
TurfNews
WHATS INSIDE: Golf Course TIPSSee Page 15Sports Turf TIPSSee Pages 12 - 14OTF CONFERENCE & SHOWSee Pages 4 - 5
T H E N E W S L E T T E R O F T H E O H I O T U R F G R A S S F O U N D A T I O N
Volume 68 No. 1January - February 2006
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
2/28
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
3/28
MESSAGE PRESIDENTFROMTHE
If you missed the OTF Conference and Showshame on you! An incredible keynote address
by Olympic gold medalist, Rulon Gardner,
was followed by an awesome educational
conference and an exciting trade show. The
conference offered something for everybody
in the turf industry from golf, sports turf and
lawn care to general lawn and landscape
management and even organic landscape
care. It was a great opportunity to get a boat-
load of pesticide certification credits. My hats
off to the Education Committee!
Oh, and dont forget the great opportunity to see the newest products
and meet with suppliers on the tradeshow floor. Our new sports lounges
generated a lot of interest and I never had so much fun at the live auction!
Thanks to all the auction donors and especially to Dr. Street for giving up his
sideline passes for the Penn State and Michigan football games. The Trade
Show committee did an awesome job!
Even as we work harder and harder to keep the OTF Conference and
Show the premier turfgrass event in the country, there is something
missing ... YOU. Without you, our turfgrass professionals and our industry
suppliers, OTF cannot accomplish its mission of supporting turfgrass
research and scholarship. Our challenge for the future is to continue tomake the conference and show even better, while at the same time pursue
other opportunities and find new revenue sources to support our mission.
While we have relied in the past on support from within our industry, we
will be seeking support from all of those who benefit from the turfgrasses
that surround us where we live, work and play. Yes, the golfing public,
homeowners, soccer moms, athletes, commercial property managers, etc.
all have a stake in what we stand for ... BETTER TURF. As we go forward
with these initiatives, the Board will need your help.
Sine this is my last Presidents message, I want to express my gratitude to
all the Board members, past and present, who have made OTF such a great
organization. Their efforts support a very worthwhile cause, not to mentionthe livelihood of those of us in this great industry! It has been an honor
to serve on the Board. We could not accomplish our goals without the
professional management, support and dedication we receive from Kevin
Thompson and the Offinger Management Company ... Thank you! And
finally, Im confident that incoming President, Glen Pottinger and the Board
will keep OTF headed in the right direction. Good luck in your endeavors!
Chuck Darrah
2005 President, OTF
2005President
Recognized
Outgoing 2005 OTF President Chuck Darrah
was honored for his contributions to Ohios
turfgrass industry at this years Annual Awards
Banquet. Darrah was presented a plaque and
personal gift by Vice President, Glen Pottenger
who thanked Chuck for his many years o
dedicated service to OTF.
Chuck Darrah has served on the OTF Board
of Directors since 1993. He has served on the
Program Development Committee since 1994
while also volunteering his time on nearly al
other OTF committees. He also serves as Trustee
on the Ohio Turfgrass Research Trust Board o
Directors.
Chuck holds a Ph.D. in agronomy from Cornel
University. He was an Assistant Professor of
Agronomy and Extension Turf Specialist a
the University of Maryland from 1976-79. He
was a Senior Research Scientist for Chem-
lawn Services Corp. and Director of Technica
Service at Chemlawn from 1982-1990. Chuc
has been a member of many Green Industry
trade associations and is Past President o
Ohio Lawn Care Association. He is currently
the President of CLC LABS, a soil testing and
green industry consulting group. OTF thanks
Chuck for his dedication and hard work serving
as President in 2005.
THE CHALLENGES THAT LAY AHEAD
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
4/28
4
OTF CONFERENCE & SHOWCONTINUING THE TRADITION OF SUCCESS!
2005
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
5/28
Trade Show Wrap-UpOTF Conference & Show - Your Professional Growth Stimulator!
That was the theme of the 2005 Ohio Turfgrass Conference & Show.
And nearly 2800 turfgrass professionals took advantage of the
opportunity to stimulate their professional growth by attending the
39th annual conference and show sponsored by OTF and OSU.
They were treated to over 90 hours of educational sessions and atrade show featuring nearly 500 booths from more than 200 leading
turfgrass suppliers.
Keynote Speaker Rulon Gardner kicked off the conference with a
fun yet important message about overcoming obstacles in life.
The Olympic Gold Medalist Gardner spoke to an audience of more
than 800 before signing autographs for 2 hours in sponsor
Syngentas booth.
The Ohio Turfgrass Research Trust (OTRT) raised more than $17,000
at its annual auction and thanks to all the vendors and members
that donated time, products and generosity. The Live Auction
continues to raise funds to support the scholarships and turf-
grass research funding for OTRT. Thank you! A special thanks to Joe
Enciso and Glen Pottenger for helping organize and run the auction
and reverse raffle.
At this years Annual Awards Banquet, OTF awarded $25,000 in
student scholarships and $137,000 in research grants to the OSU
Turfgrass Science program. OTFs highest annual awards were
presented to Ronald Coyle, Superintendent, Northwood Hills Country
Club, who received a Professional Excellence Award. Al Muhle,
retired superintendent received the 2005 OTF Professional of the Year for his commitment to Ohios turfgrass industry (please see
related article on page 9). Congratulations Ron, Al and all the 2005
student scholarship recipients.
Allied organizations such as the Ohio Lawn Care Association,
Ohio Sports Turf Managers Association and Ohio Sod Producers
Association held their annual meetings in conjunction with the
conference and show. The collaborative relationship among these
allied industry groups helps make Ohios turfgrass industry what it
is. Many thanks to the trade show committee, including; Joe Enciso,
Doug Gallant, Alan Mark, Glen Pottenger, Scott Robinson, George
Furrer, Tom Haslinger, Ken Renner, Randy Shaver, Todd Voss and
Gregg Schaner for its guidance and organization of this great event!
Plans are already underway for the 2006 Ohio Turfgrass Conference
& Show. Mark your calendar now for December 5-7 in Columbus!
Please feel free to contact us with ideas or suggestions on how
we can continue to make this the biggest and best turfgrass
event in the country. You can reach OTF at 888-683-3445 or
OTF SHOWMakes Impression
on State Senator
OTF was pleased to welcome Ohio Senator
Larry Mumper at Decembers Ohio Turfgrass
Conference & Show. Senator Mumper was joined
by green industry lobbyist Belinda Jones, Capitol
Consulting Group and members of the OTF and
OLCA boards of directors.
Upon spending time visiting the trade show
Senator Mumper commented on the impressive
size and scope of the trade show, and also with
the professionalism of the turfgrass industry in
Ohio. This was important visibility for Ohios
turfgrass industry, especially considering that
Senator Mumper is the current chairman of the
Senate Agriculture Committee.
One of OTFs many public relations goals is
to generate awareness with prominent state
legislators and to advocate on behalf of Ohios
turfgrass industry to the General Assembly.
Having influential legislators spend their time
visiting with OTF members and exhibitors is a
great start. OTF hopes to continue to generate
favorable visibility with our legislators and plans
to invite members of Ohios governing body to the
2006 Conference & Show.
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
6/28
6
2005 ScholarshipsPresented Awarding scholarships to turfgrass students at Ohio schoolsand universities is an important function of the Ohio TurfgrassFoundation. OTF has awarded more than $425,000 in studentscholarships since 1964.
OTF presented scholarships to the following turfgrass students
from around Ohio, including the annual Don Sweda and GeorgeBiddulph Memorial Scholarships.
Weston Appelfeller, OSU Matthew Canterbury, Clark State Community College Brandon Franz, OSU/ATI John Gruneisen, OSU Russell Horn, OSU Craig Lung, Cincinnati State College Brian McGuire, Columbus State Community College Galen Miller, Clark State Community College Charles Spreng, OSU/ATI
OTF Memorial Scholarships were presented to exceptional
students deserving special recognition for their outstandingaccomplishments in school, work and the community. The
2005 recipients were:
John Koenig, OSU George Biddulph Memorial Scholarship Ryan Beeson, OSU Don Sweda Memorial Scholarship
OTF Awards, Grants & Scholarships Committee chair Glen Pottengepresented an additional $10,000 in scholarships to four studentswho received the 2005 Ronald D. Baker Memorial ScholarshipsThe Ronald D Baker Memorial Scholarship of the Dayton Foundationwas established in 1993 in honor of Ronald D. Baker, a past chairmanof Leisure Lawn, Inc., who believed in the necessity of continuededucational opportunities for all individuals. The Fund providesscholarships to students at The Ohio State University pursuinga degree in Turfgrass Management. In 2001, OTRT was grantedthe privilege of awarding these scholarships on behalf of theBaker family.
Congratulations to the following four students for receiving
the 2005 R.D. Baker Memorial Scholarships:
Ian Gallagher, OSU Keith Meikle, OSU/ATI Matt Martin, OSU/ATI Zachary Wike, OSU/ATI
A new scholarship awarded at this years conference anshow was the Founders Club Scholarship. The Founders ClubScholarship, presented by the Ohio Turfgrass Research Trustwas presented to Andrew Shaul, OSU, during the Founders Clubreception. Congratulations Andrew for receiving the first-eveFounders Club Scholarship!
The Ohio Turfgrass Foundation congratulates all 2005 Scholarshiprecipients and looks forward to their continued contributionsto Ohios turfgrass industry. For information regarding 2006scholarships contact the OTF office at 888-683-3445, or visit theOTF Web site at www.OhioTurfgrass.org.
GREENI N D U S T R Y
NEWS
2005 OTF SCHOLARSHIP RECIPIENTS
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
7/28
OTF Presents Check atAnnual Awards BanquetDr. Bobby Moser, Dean, College of Food, Agriculture and Environ
mental Sciences, The Ohio State University, accepted OTFs 2005
check in the amount of $162,128 from OTF President Chuck
Darrah. The check represents $137,128 in research grants and
financial support for the operations of the OTF Research &
Education Facility, and $25,000 in student scholarships.
OTF has donated more than $3.9 million to turfgrass research and
over $425,000 in scholarships since 1964.
Get Ready for Ohio TurfgrassWeek May 26 - June 2The OTF Publicity Committee is making plans for the inaugural
Ohio Turfgrass Week to be held May 26 - June 2, 2006. Turfgrass
Week will be held every year beginning the Friday of Memorial Day
weekend and continuing through the following Thursday.
This weeklong event will be launched with 2 primary goals in mind:
1. To generate public awareness for the turfgrass industry in Ohio.
2. To create new funding sources for turfgrass research and
education.
Cutbacks in state government spending for research at the Ohio
Agricultural Research & Development Center (OARDC) in Wooster,
and Ohio State University Extension (OSU-E), have significantly
affected research and extension services available for Ohios
turfgrass industry. These budgetary cutbacks could also have a
negative impact on golf courses, athletic fields, parks, grounds,
cemeteries, home lawns and other maintained green spaces.
Ohio Turfgrass week plans to educate the general public on the
importance and positive benefits of professionally managed turf-
grass areas. Messages will be targeted to golfers, homeowners,
coaches, parents, legislators and more. OTF is currently seeking
a Legislative Proclamation officially naming Ohio Turfgrass Week.
Beginning May 26, Ohios golf courses will be asked to support
OTF in generating new turfgrass funding sources. Public golf
courses will be asked to donate a portion of every round of golfplayed during the week collected voluntarily by golfers when
paying greens fees.
Private courses will be asked to collect voluntary contributions from
members when paying membership dues.
Future funding sources may include:
1. Lawn care operators donating a percentage of each lawn
serviced.
2. A percentage of rolls/yards sold by sod growers.
3. Donations at Big Box stores from homeowners.4. Sporting events (youth to professional venues).
5. And more!
Everyone who uses and enjoys managed turfgrass space in Ohio
can help make a difference. OTF encourages all members to take
part in Ohio Turfgrass Week and support the future of turfgrass
research in Ohio!
FOR THE LATEST RESEARCH AND INFORMATIONFOR OHIOS TURF AND LANDSCAPE PROFESSIONALS
VISIT THESE IMPORTANT WEB SITES:
Golf Course Turf ManagementSuperintendents Korner http://hcs.osu.edu/karl
Sports Turf ManagementOSU Sports Turf Program http://hcs.osu.edu/sportsturf
Lawn, Grounds & LandscapeBuckeye Yard & Garden Line www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/bygl
These sites may also be accessed from the
OTF Web site at www.OhioTurfgrass.org.
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
8/28
8
Live Auction Generates Morethan $17,000The Live Auction held at the 2005 Ohio Turfgrass Conference & Show
raised more than $17,000 for turfgrass research and scholarships.
The funds generated by the auction support the Ohio Turfgrass
Research Trust (OTRT), the charitable fund-raising arm of OTF.
The auction was held in the convention center following the close
of the trade show on Wednesday, December 7. Several hundred
people gathered to view and bid on the many great items donated
by OTF members and exhibitors.
In addition to the Live Auction was the Reverse Raffle. OTRT and
OTF volunteers sold raffle tickets at $20 each throughout the first
2 days of the show. Winners were selected (or not selected, since it
was a reverse raffle) to receive cash prizes, along with a Grand Prize
winner of $1000, which went to Ted Pasko Jr. Congratulations Ted!
Several great items were sold at bargain prices at the auction,
including autographed sports memorabilia, rounds of golf at
prominent golf courses around the state, a night with the Cin-
cinnati Reds Grounds Crew, a mini-gator and turf equipment and
supplies. The opportunity to watch OSU play Penn State and
Michigan next year from the sidelines generated more than $1600
for each game!
The goal is to continue to grow the auction so that more than
$20,000 is raised by the 2006 auction committee, which will be
working hard throughout the year soliciting donations from OTFs
members and suppliers.
The auction is organized and managed by the OTF Auction
Committee and chaired by Joe Enciso, Century Equipment. On
behalf of the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation and the Ohio Turfgrass
Research Trust, we would like to thank everyone who participated,
and especially the following donors to this years auction. They
proved that raising funds for turfgrass research can be fun!
2005 AUCTION DONORS
Alvis Materials Anderson Buckeye Applied Biochemists
Central Farm & Garden Century Equipment Cincinnati Reds
CLC LABS Dakota, Inc. Diversified Waterscapes, Inc.
Double Eagle Club Eagle One Golf Products Fairmon
Minerals Flowtronex Geo. E. Fern Green Velvet Sod Farms
Grigg Brothers Hurdzan/Fry G. C. Design Jacklin Seed/JR
Simplot Lavy Enterprises Turf Grass, Inc. LawnGrips Footwea
LESCO, Inc. Liquid Fence Co. Moraine Country Club Oglebay
Norton Offinger Management Co. Ohio Turfgrass Foundation
OSU, Dept. of Hort. & Crop Science Strategic Turf Syngenta
Professional Products The Motz Group Ty-Crop Manufacturing
Ltd. Westfield Golf Club Xenia Power Equipment
GREENI N D U S T R Y
NEWS
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
9/28
2005 Professional Excellence Award
RON COYLE
OTF acknowledged Ron Coyles 43 years of dedication to the greenindustry by presenting him with the 2005 Professional Excellence
Award. Coyle began his career at Troy Country Club in 1963 as agrounds maintenance worker and this is where he met his role modelDanny H. Quast, Superintendent of Troy Country Club.
Coyle credits Quast with giving him a chance and believing in him.Quast mentored Coyle, taking him to Purdue University turf seminars,field days, meetings to listen to speakers and GCSAA NationalConference and Educational programs. Before leaving Troy CountryClub, Quast helped Coyle get the Superintendent position, whichhe held for 5 years. Again with the help of Quast, Coyle landedthe Superintendent position at Northwood Hills, where he is stillSuperintendent today.
Coyle has held his current position at Northwood Hills for 43 years.
Located in Springfield, Ohio Northwood Country Club spans onehundred-thirty acres and consists of golf course, club house, proshop, tennis courts, small greens, large bentgrass tees, rye-grass fairways with sandtraps and lakes coming in to play. Hismanagement duties range from supervising as many as seventeenemployees to overseeing, maintaining and managing the eighteen-hole golf course and the golf course grounds.
Coyle thought that receiving the Miami Valley Golf Course Super-intendents Man-of-the-Year Award in 2003 was the highlight of hiscareer, until he received OTFs Professional Excellence Award. Icant tell everyone what this means to me. He was surprised,flattered, shocked, speechless and very, very nervous. He wants to
thank the OTF Board of Directors and all his peers for the award.
To newcomers to the industry, Coyle has three pieces of advice;First education, Ohio State has the best programs in the country,go to their field days and find out whats best and whats not.Second, OTF and GCSAA have educational programs going on allthe time. Third, get all the experience you can in whatever fieldyoure in, it will help you down the road later.
2005 Professional of the Year Award
AL MUHLE
OTFs 2005 Professional of the Year award was presented to AMuhle by his friend Jim Hippely. Muhle came to the ceremony thinkingthat Hippely was receiving the award, so when Hippely presented himwith the award, he was flabberghasted. Being a part of OTF fromthe beginning, Muhle sees them as being equal to the nationaassociation, because they are more accessible to the area, theispeakers are area specific and it is an excellent education assemblyto go to. Retired for several years now, Muhle was surprised toreceive the award. However, his colleagues and friends werehonored to recognize his 52 years of hard work in the industry.
Muhle is one of those individuals who knows the ins and outs othe industry. He began his career in the green industry in 1954 atMayfield Country Club as a part of the grounds crew and thenbecame an Assistant Superintendent. It was at Mayfield CC where hemet his role model, Howard Fannin and his close friend Dan Giesler
who learned from one another by exchanging ideas. It is importanto make close friends with your peers and coworkers, because theexchange of ideas is important in your career and your personal life.To this day, Muhle and Giesler keep in contact.
In 1963, he landed his first superintendents position at HawthorneValley Country Club and stayed there for 13 years. From Hawthornehe became Superintendent at The Country Club and held this positionfor 9 years. Switching directions from Superintendent to SalesmanMuhle went to work for Lesco, Inc. selling golf course supplies. Afteselling supplies for 13 years, Muhle went back to being a Super-intendent at Hemlock Spring Golf Course, where he finished ouhis career.
This was not Muhles first time being distinguished for his dedicationto the green industry. He was awarded the Professional Excellence
Award in 1981 for his innovation of triplex lightweight mowingWith all this experience and recognition, Muhle wants to sharehis experience with newcomers to the industry with these wordsof advice, Do not work twenty-four hours a day. Enjoy your lifeand its a good life. In addition to this advice, Muhle adds theadvice that his mentor once gave him, Dont make a habit outof being in the club house, but stay on the course where your jobneeds you.
OTF PAST PRESIDENT HANK CHAFIN (LEFT) PRESENTS PLAQUE TOOLD FRIEND RON COYLE.
AL MUHLE (LEFT) RECEIVES PLAQUE FROM 2003 PROFESSIONALEXCELLENCE AWARD RECIPIENT JIM HIPPELY.
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
10/28
10
You might wonder why an entomologist would be writing about lawn
damage in Ohio and what to do about it, but the fact is most of the
damage and death experienced in Ohios lawns in 2005 was NOT
caused by drought, but by insects AND drought working together!The grasses we commonly use in our lawns (e.g., Kentucky blue-
grass, perennial ryegrass and tall and fine fescues), are pretty well
equipped to handle moderate periods of drought. When heat and
drought occur, these plants go into a state of dormancy that helps
them maintain precious cell water, especially in major roots and the
crowns. When regular moisture and moderating temperatures are
restored, these plant parts generate new stems, leaves and roots.
Unfortunately, these common species of grasses are not equal in
their ability to withstand prolonged periods of drought and heat.
In general (remember that there is considerable variation among
cultivars of each turf species!), tall fescue and creeping red fescue
are some of the grasses most tolerant of heat and drought conditions.
Surprising to many, Kentucky bluegrass is quite capable of surviving
prolonged drought periods and since it has rhizomatous growth, it
recovers and fills in better than perennial ryegrass. Perennial ryegrass
is only moderately tolerant to drought and we have seen significant
plant death in summers of prolonged drought!
In 2005, many Kentucky bluegrass lawns were killed, not by the
drought, but by the combination of drought and billbug feeding. Hairy
chinch bugs also contributed to the carnage in many neighborhoods.Billbugs severely damage Kentucky bluegrass by knocking out the
crowns in June. During drought seasons, newly formed rhizomes and
shoots can not establish supporting root systems, so a single billbug
larva can kill a patch of Kentucky bluegrass that is three to five inches
in diameter. Perennial ryegrass and tall fescue with endophytes are
quite resistant to billbugs and this is why many lawns ended the
season with clumps of these grasses scattered across the lawn of
dead Kentucky bluegrass.
Long Term Strategies
Many home owners and lawn managers did realized that damaged
lawns were not going to recover until it was too late to undergo a fal
seeding. Some lawns were given late seedings and depending on thegrasses used and our winter conditions, these lawns may or may no
recover next spring. In any case, damaged lawns need to be carefully
inspected in the spring to determine the extent of reseeding or re-
sodding that will be needed.
Entomologically, selecting grass species for restoration or re-
establishment of a lawn is not a simple process. If Kentucky blue-
grass is the desired species, there ARE cultivars that are known to
be quite resistant to billbug attack. Most of these are fine textured
cultivars (e.g., Eagleton, Eclipse, Washington, Wabash, America
Adelphi, Unique, and Fylking). The coarser selections (e.g., Merion
Baron, Broadway, Parade, Cheri, Sydsport and Columbia) are highly
susceptible. Unfortunately, we have found that much Kentucky
bluegrass sod being sold in Ohio has a high amount of Merion and
Baron in their blends! For quick cover, perennial ryegrass is a good
choice and newer cultivars have green color dark enough to blend in
well with Kentucky bluegrass. However, not all perennial ryegrass
seed has endophyte! In general, the fresher the seed and storage in
cool conditions will conserve endophytes. Be sure to ask your seed
supplier if they can provide seed with high to moderate endophyte
Turf-type tall fescues seem more resistant to billbug damage, withor without endophyte. However, many home owners dont like the
coarser look of tall fescue though high seeding rates and carefu
selection of fine-textured cultivars can greatly reduce this look.
Though not thoroughly investigated, another season strategy would
be to keep irrigating lawns that are susceptible to billbug damage
through June to encourage establishment of the new tillers and
rhizomes. In our research billbug ranch, twice a week irrigations
Lawn Damage in 05 & Recommendations For 06David Shetlar, Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University
RESIDENTIAL
LAWN CARE
TIPS
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
11/28
gets our highly susceptible Kentucky bluegrass cultivars though bill-
bug infestations that normally kill lawns during periods of drought!
Other Management Strategies
Because of the severe billbug damage of 2005, many lawn care
operators have asked what insecticide program I would recommend
to ensure elimination of billbugs in 2006. Fortunately, we now have
a good data base on what works and what does not! In short,
imidacloprid (= Merit) and clothianidin (= Arena) are the best
performing neonicotinoids available. Applications of imidacloprid
at 0.4 lb.ai/A any time in May and at the 0.3 lb.ai/A in the first
week of June have provided excellent control of billbugs as well as
chinch bugs and the new crop of white grubs that arrive in July.
Clothianidin has given us the same results at rates between 0.25 and
0.3 lb.ai/A. The difference between clothianidin and imidacloprid
is that clothianidin also seems to knock out any actively feeding
caterpillars (e.g., sod webworms and black cutworms) for two to
three weeks after its application.
We have looked at using a pyrethroid as Durban and diazinon were
once used (as adulticides in early May), and products containing
bifenthrin, deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin have produced
satisfactory results. These would have to be applied in the first two
weeks of May or when the soil temperature at one inch reaches
68 F.
Halofenozide (MACH2) has not performed well for billbug contro
except when it is applied as an early preventive first two weeks o
May. When the billbug larvae have started feeding down grass stems
in late May and early June, halofenozide has produced poor control.
Summary
Get out and evaluate lawns early to determine the extent of damage
remaining from 2005 and get busy repairing the damage by re-
establishing the turf, hopefully with grass cultivars or species that are
resistant to billbug attack. If billbugs (or chinch bugs) are suspected
you can eliminate them for the season by moving your grub contro
applications of imidacloprid or clothianidin into May.
BILLBUG
BILLBUG DAMAGE
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
12/28
12
Grasses have a significant amount of rhizosphere due to their
fibrous and extensive root systems. Within this rhizosphere there
are a multitude of soil organisms. Although understanding of the
organisms, processes and dynamics is increasing, there has beenlittle discovered that would enable turf managers to manage the
rootzone for improved turf health. Much of our focus to date has
been on the PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL properties of turf soils. In
contrast, there has been virtually no published research on the
ECOLOGY of turf rootzones. Soil ecology describes the study of the
distribution, abundance & interaction of organisms. The organisms
consist of soil fauna (e.g. earthworms, beetles, ants, arthropods) and
soil microbes (e.g. fungi, actinomycetes, bacteria).
Microbes are extremely adaptable and can live in most soils. Theycan tolerate water stress, freezing & thawing, anaerobic conditions,
and some extremes in Ph. Table 1 describes the relative components
in a turfgrass soil, their respective sizes, and their volume (biomass).
As you can see, bacteria, while very small, constitute as much as 1-2
tons biomass per hectare of soil. This is tantamount to 109 (1 billion)
bacteria per gram of soil thats a lot of bacteria!
ADVANTAGES OF SOIL MICROBES
An active microbial population performs many beneficial activities in
a turf soil, including:
1. Organic matter decomposition
Microbes are central to the decomposition of organic matter (OM).
However, in a sand system it is widely accepted within the turf-
grass community that OM accumulation must be controlled by
man. OM decomposition by microbial methods is not sufficient to
balance out OM accumulation. This is probably because there
are no/very few earthworms and other soil fauna that are first
in the succession of organisms to break down OM (Figure 1)
So while fungi, actinomycetes and bacteria are active in OM
decomposition, the larger soil fauna that are vital to the initia
processes are largely absent.
2. Soil aggregation
Fungi in particular are beneficial as they grow through and around
soil particles, creating macro-aggregates. Aggregation increases
the pore space, thereby improving drainage and turf root growth.
3. Nutrient availability and recycling
Nitrifying bacteria break down organic nitrogen-containing
compounds to produce inorganic compounds (nitrate) that can be
taken up by turf plants. This is a crucial step in the nitrogen cycle
4. Pathogen suppression
TWO MYTHS BUSTED!
Non-target effects of pesticides?
There is some thought that the use of synthetic fertilizers and
pesticides reduces or eliminates the microbial community by
altering the pH or causing direct/indirect toxicity to organisms
Except for the presence of inert ingredients in some emulsifiable
concentrate formulations that have caused toxicity, preliminaryresults from one ongoing study indicates that pesticides do not
adversely affect most non-target microorganisms. Likewise, relative
ly high pesticide applications have not been shown to unfavorably
affect soil microorganisms.
Inert sand rootzones?
It was traditionally perceived that since sand-based rootzones were
synthetically prepared, they supported a less numerous and diverse
Microbial Characteristics of Turfgrass SoilsPamela Sherratt & John Street, The Ohio State University
SPORTST U R F
TIPS
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
13/28
microbial population than comparative native soils. Actually, sand-
based rootzones are not sterile, but in fact reach levels of native soil
in a very short period of time.
BACTERIA & BLACK LAYER
Black layer is a turfgrass phenomenon that describes the anaerobic
(lacking on oxygen) layer that forms near the surface of a rootzone
(Figure 2). Black layer forms in a rootzone system for two reasons (1)burying the OM layer with successive topdressing and (2) formation
of a zone rich in metal sulphide under anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic
conditions can occur in rootzones for several reasons: migration of
colloidal particles, salt deposition, natural occurring layers (OM) and
surface compaction.
Whatever the initial cause of black layer, its evolution is the same.
Once the layer become anaerobic, bacteria that can use alternatives
to oxygen come into their own. The first groups of bacteria use
nitrate (denitrification process), then other oxidized constituents (Mn,Fe, S). In consequence, the rootzone becomes chemically reduced
not just anaerobic. The redox potential is a measure of the severity
of reducing conditions. Reducing conditions in turfgrass systems
have important implications. Nitrate availability falls and levels of
soluble manganese and iron rise because the reduced forms are
more soluble than the oxidized forms. Manganese may become toxic.
Hydrogen sulphide is toxic to roots but it usually reacts with ferrous
iron (Fe2+) or iron oxides to produce black ferrous suphide (FeS).
This black precipitate causes the black layer phenomenon in turf-
grass rootzones. Since oxygen is necessary for root respiration, rootscannot survive in black layer soils and as a general rule live roots
will only be found in soil above the black layer. If prompt action is
not taken to get oxygen into the soil, remove the toxic gases and
stimulate healthy root growth, the overlying turf may be lost in a
short period of time. Control of back layer has typically included an
aggressive cultivation/aeration program.
MICROBIAL ROOTZONE SUPPLEMENTS
Biostimulants have been on the turfgrass market for a decade or
more. Biostimulant products that contain live biological organismsor spores of microorganisms are purported to stimulate plants,
cure anaerobic soil conditions, degrade thatch, and, in some cases,
prevent diseases. Very often the claims are not supported by
research and the products are sometimes mixed with nutrients or
other products that may also stimulate plant growth. However,
there have been several positive research findings with some of
the biostimulant products. For example, Azospirillum spp. is a
plant growth promoting rhizobacterium that research has shown
colonizes the roots of turfgrasses and promotes the root develop-
ment of cool-season grasses. Products that contain the spores of
mycorrhiza have also been shown to aid turfgrass establishment and
most recently have been studied as a biocontrol agent for annua
bluegrass (Poa annua) control in fine turf. In conclusion, soil in-
oculums and additives may alter soil microbiology in the short term
(on newly established turf areas) but their use on established turf-
grass soils is questionable.
The advantages of a diverse and strong microbiological community
within a rootzone have been proven without question. The role of
microbial products added to that community is not yet understood
Some may be useful, others may not. With very little published data
for turf managers to explore it is hard to make informed decisions.
CONCLUSIONS
There is still a lot to understand about the role of microorganisms in
a turfgrass rootzone. Some have called the traditional method of turmanagement the iceberg approach, whereby so much emphasis
is placed on the playing surface that what lies underneath is still a
mystery. Huge advancements have been made in soil physics and
chemistry but the ecology of soils is a relatively new study area in
turfgrass science.
Research to date has shown that microbial communities do not
appear to be adversely impacted by the type of soil profile, as long
as there is an established turfgrass rhizosphere for the microbia
community to reside. Pesticides usage also does not appear to havean unfavorable affect on microbial populations. Problems that are
related to OM decomposition may not be solved by continued
investigation into microbial communities if the larger soil fauna
(earthworms and arthropods) are not included.
The commercial arena has launched microbial biostimulant products
into a turfgrass market that knows very little about what they do or
how economically useful they are. It will be a while before research
catches up. In the meantime, the basics of sound turf managemen
should not be forgotten: air circulation, sunlight, drainage, fertilitycultivation, and traffic control. A healthy turf rhizosphere will host a
healthy microbial community.
Continued on page 14
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
14/28
14
Continued from page 13
FIGURE 2: BLACK LAYER AN ANAEROBIC (LACKING IN OXYGEN) L AYER THATCAN CAUSE MAJOR PROBLEMS IN TURF MANAGEMENT.
FIGURE 1: CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF DECOMPOSITION
TABLE 1: SOIL COMPONENTS IN A TYPICAL TURFGRASS SYSTEM
Organism Size (m*) Biomass (tons ha-1)**
Soil particles Stones 2000Coarse sand 200-2000 (Macropores 80-5000 m)Silt 2-50 (Mesopores 30-80 m)Clay 0.2 (Micropores 5-30 m)
Plant material Root hairs 7-15 Up to 90, but generallyFine roots 50-1000 about 20Roots 1000
Viruses 0.05-0.2 Negligible
Bacteria 0.5-1.0 1-2
Actinomycetes 1.0-1.5 0-2
Fungi 0.3-10.0 2-5
Protozoa 10-80 0-0.5
Nematodes 500-2000 0-0.2
Earthworms 2-5000 0-2.5
*1m = 1,000th of 1mm/0.04 inch** Hectare (ha-1) equals 2.471 acres
THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY ANNOUNCESTHE 10TH ANNUAL SPORTS
TURF SHORT COURSEMarch 21 & 22, 2006
Kottman Hall Auditorium The Ohio State University
Designed for all sports turf managers,lawn care personnel, and grounds peoplewho care for turf with multiple functions.
Registration $180 includes all refreshments,meals, & educational materials.
OSUs Athletic Director,Gene SmithOSU Alum & NFL punter,BJ Sander
Cleveland Browns,Chris PowellCEO of The Motz Group,Joe Motz
Toledo Mudhens,Jake TylerOSU Varsity Athletics,Brian Gimbel
CLC LABS,Dr. Chuck DarrahFaculty & staff from The Ohio State University
Topics include: First-hand experiences fromfield managers, pesticide updates, field management
techniques, & new technology in sports turf.
ODA, OPRA and STMA CEUs offered.
To register, call (614) 292-8571 or
online: www.peopleware.net/2753
For course information call
Pamela Sherratt (614) 292-7457.
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
15/28
The combination of snowmelt along with cool wet weather has
resulted in the potential for cool weather diseases appearing on
annual bluegrass/creeping bentgrass greens. We received samples
and pictures from around Ohio that show Yellow Patch symptoms.
Symptoms of Yellow Patch (pathogen: Rhizoctonia cerealis) also
known as cool-weather brown patch, cool temperature brown patch
and winter brown patch appear as yellow or rusty circular rings or
partial arcs with the center of the ring appearing green.
In a few cases, you may also have pink snow mold or even red thread in
association with this disease. Usually this disease is of minor concern,
however if the rings become more severe and sunken a fungicide
application maybe needed.
On greens that are a mix of annual bluegrass and creeping bent-
grass you may see symptoms that resemble summer patch, which
has caused some confusion. However, this is not summer patch. In
addition, some may think its anthracnose, again the likelihood is
very low, especially if you do not have a history of this disease. If you
are not sure and for a piece of mind, it is best to submit a sample
and have it diagnosed.
If no snow is present, this might be a good time to get out and look
at your greens. For those that treated for snow mold to see how your
control measures are holding up. If anything is happening, let me
know ([email protected]).
Yellow Patch has been Active this WinterJoseph Rimelspach, Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University
NOTE ON GREENS WITH A MIXED STRAND OF BENTGRASS AND ANNUAL BLUEGRASS, YELLOW PATCH SYMPTOMS MAY BE VARIABLE.
CIRCULAR SYMPTOM PATTERNS OF YELLOW PATCH IN EARLY JANUARY 2006FROM EASTERN OHIO.
GOLFC O U R S E
TIPS
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
16/28
16
East Dundee, IL December 2005
Warren Bell, President of Turfgrass Producers International (TPI),
believes turfgrass sod producers and the Green Industry as a whole
may have a few challenges as well as a few opportunities as they
look ahead to the coming year. In his annual state of the industry
report, Bell provided his perspective on the industry and outlook
for 2006.
Any attempt to forecast what a coming year may have in store for
turfgrass producers and the Green Industry is always a challenge and
2006 certainly isnt an exception. A projected slowdown in housing
starts, the cost and availability of labor, increasing insurance and
health care costs and many other economic indicators can leave you
scratching your head. Add to that the numerous forecasts and pre-
dictions of respected economists and industry professionals and you
could become a bit overwhelmed. The key in projecting what the
future may offer requires that you take into account all the inform-
ation thats available; keep it in proper perspective, and evaluate the
information so you can plan effectively based on what might or might
not unfold, emphasizes Bell.
Bell said the White House projected the U.S. economy would expand
3.4 percent in 2006 and would record a growth rate of 3.5 percent
for 2005. He added, Reuters news service commented that despite
the vibrant growth, many Americans have been anxious about rising
oil prices, a reality that certainly impacted the agriculture industry
and business and commerce nationwide in recent months.
According to Bell, another economic equation that has to be taken
into account is new home construction. David Seiders, Chief
Economist for The National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) is
quoted as saying, We see a flattening of housing starts and the
beginning of a cooling process. Seiders forecast predicts housing
construction would drop by 4.8 percent to around 1.92 million starts
in 2006.
Other considerations Bell referred to include a mixed labor market
unpredictable energy prices and changing interest rates. While all o
these factors certainly have to be taken into consideration to project
what 2006 might have to offer, Bell notes there are some positive
factors worth mulling over that create a more promising picture.
For example, a recent survey conducted by Project EverGreen at the
November 05 Green Industry Expo provided some pleasing results
The survey, conducted by Market Intellect revealed, The nation as
a whole thinks strongly of the Green Industry, despite what media
reports imply, according to Gene Brown, CEO of Market Intellect
Survey recipients were asked if they agreed or disagreed with
several statements; for the most part their responses were extremely
positive. Over eighty percent agreed that most lawn care companies
care about the environment and agreed that maintenance of public
parks and sports fields is good for the environment. Ninety-nine
percent of those surveyed agreed that landscaping adds value to a
TPI President Provides 2006 Industry Perspective
OSPAOHIO SODPRODUCERS
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
17/28
homes worth and a well-maintained landscaped yard increases
curb appeal and property value.
On the issue of safety, ninety-seven percent agreed that a well-
maintained lawn provides a safe, cushioned play surface for children.
Thanks to the efforts of organizations like Responsible Industry
for a Sound Environment (RISE); The Professional Landcare Network
(PLANET); Project EverGreen; Turfgrass Producers International
(TPI) and numerous trade and consumer publications, there is a
collective effort to address sensitive issues intelligently and with
valid research, advised Bell. The benefits of turfgrass and the
positive environmental impact of green space is a message that
needs to be communicated to consumers, industry professionals,
educators and legislatures.
In looking ahead to 2006, one has to consider recent events that
may influence decision makers in the coming year as well, added
Bell. For example, Tom Delaney, PLANETs director of government
affairs, summarized the importance of their Legislative Day on
the Hill which provided Green Industry service providers, suppliers,
educators and state association executives from across the United
Sates and Canada the opportunity to spend a day with congressional
representatives and their staff members to discuss key issues
affecting the green industry.
This was an opportunity for our members to see how Congress
works and to lobby their elected officials on issues facing our
industry, Delaney added. This is also how legislators become
aware of the issues facing small businesses as well as larger
corporations in the Green Industry.
In late September 2005, representatives of the turfgrass industry had
a face-to-face meeting with Secretary of Agriculture Mike Johanns
to discuss the turfgrass industry and the National Turfgrass Research
Initiative (NTRI). During the course of that meeting the Secretary was
provided with current information conveying the breadth and scope
of the turfgrass industry and its importance to the U.S. economy;
restrictions and/or regulations that challenge the turfgrass industry;
and the need for government support in the area of basic turfgrass
research to address issues facing the industry.
Bell points out that the coming year will see TPI continuing to build on
its developing relationship with extension specialists, county agents
university researchers, scientists, educators and the general public.
Theres no denying that the global natural disasters of 2005
impacted the lives of families worldwide and recent natural disasters
in the U.S. impacted our nations economy and the lives of thousands
of families in ways that are far too numerous to mention. What
2006 has in store for us in terms of weather is anybodys guess
As for those opportunities to be realized in the coming year, a grea
deal depends on how well we plan; our ability to anticipate the
possibilities; how well we adapt to change and our readiness to
expect the unexpected.
The turfgrass industry contributes over $40 billion dollars to the
U.S. economy. It is estimated the overall Green Industry and related
businesses contribute $147 billion. When you consider the economic
value, the environmental significance and the overall scope of the
industry, it is apparent that to grow our business we, as an industry
need to continue to send a positive message on the benefits of turf-
grass and green spaces.
If we commit ourselves to address these challenges through
effective communication, we can soften the blow of any less than
promising economic forecast and most certainly reap the rewards
that come with positive economic growth, said Bell.
Bell is the co-owner of Biograss Sod Farm located in Sandy, UT. He is
TPIs 35th president. Turfgrass Producers International is a 38-year
old, independent, not-for-profit association representing more than
1,100 members from over 40 countries comprised of turfgrass sod
and seed producers, equipment manufacturers, suppliers, educators
and professionals involved in the Green Industry.
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
18/28
18
Its wintertime, but days are getting longer, so lets take a look at a
group of wonderful flowering trees that will greet us next spring and
that I talked about at the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation program this past
December. Lets talk dogwoods.
A wonderful new book I picked up late last year is simply titled
Dogwoods, by Paul Capiello and Don Shadow (Timber Press). Both
Paul and Don are knowledgeable and wonderful plantsmen, Paul
recently from Bernheim Arboretum near Louisville, Kentucky and
now of Yew Dell Gardens in Crestwood Kentucky and Don of Shadow
Nursery in Winchester, Tennessee. Both have long love affairs with
dogwoods, which are trees, shrubs and even herbaceous plants in
the genus Cornus.
In the books introduction, Paul describes the history of the genus
Cornus, with us for many many milennia, tens of millions of years
all the way back to the time of the dinosaurs. He relates that in
human historical times, dogwoods, in the form of the cornelian-
cherry dogwood Cornus mas were said, presumably by Homer, to
have provided the wood used by Odysseus and his men to build the
Trojan horse and finally wrestle victory from the hands of defeat.
Herbal remedies, occasional foodstuffs such as Cornus kousaand
Cornus masjuices and more modernly early 20th century golf clubs
made from Cornus floridawere other dogwood uses, but certainly
their use as ornamentals is where dogwoods truly shine.
Lets take a look at a few profiles of dogwoods that I wrote about
in the Landscape Plants for Ohio publication of the Ohio Nursery
and Landscape (this 40 page booklet of descriptions and color
pictures is available from ONLA for $5 through their Web site
BuckeyeGardening.com, or at discounted prices for ONLA members).
Flowering dogwood(Cornus florida)
Highly popular small (15-20 foot) tree for its many ornamenta
features. Multi-season appeal with spectacular white bracts that
emerge before leaves are out, attractive dark green leaves, purple-red fall color, shiny red fruits and graceful horizontal growth habit
Numerous excellent cultivars including Cherokee Chief with pink
flowers and Cherokee Brave with good powdery mildew resistance
Plant in partial shade and mulch to protect from hot soil conditions.
Chinese dogwood(Cornus kousa)
Small (15-20 foot) tree with showy white flower bracts, appealing
multicolored bark of grays, browns and tans, stratified horizonta
branching pattern, attractive dark green leaves (red-purple fall color)
and colorful roundish oversized raspberry-like fruits. Vase shaped
plant grows rounded with age. Prefers sunny moist soils, but bette
adapted to drought than C. florida. Flowers three weeks later and
has blossoms elevated above foliage by short flower stalks.
There are many cultivars with white and pink flower forms, foliage
variegation and other features. Satomi is one popular cultivar with
pink floral effects. Milky Way is a cultivar of C. kousavar. chinensis
and has greater numbers of flowers and fruits than the species
Rutgers hybrids are crosses of C. kousa and C. florida with
intermediate characteristics and improved disease resistance ove
some C. floridacultivars. One example is Rutcan (trademark Constellation
with exceptional flowering.
Corneliancherry dogwood(Cornus mas)
Excellent early-flowering, multistemmed, rounded to oval habit
shrub or small tree (15-20 foot). Masses of tiny bright yellow flowers
jump-start spring in the landscape. Excellent in a mass. Feature
Lets Talk About DogwoodsJim Chatfield, The Ohio State University Extension
HORTS H O R T S
COLUMN
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
19/28
include dark green leaves, flaky brown bark, small cherry red fruits,
and good adaptability to different sites.
Shrub dogwoods(Cornus species)
There are a number of native shrub dogwoods gaining in popularity,
including Cornus amomum, the silky dogwood, Cornus racemosa,
the gray dogwood and Cornus sericea, the redosier dogwood.
These are often used for informal naturalized plantings and provideexcellent fall and winter characteristics such as the porcelain-
blue fruits of silky dogwood, the white fruits and red fruit stalks of
gray dogwood, the attractive intensely colored stems of the redosier
dogwood, including the bright red stems of Cardinal and the yellow
stems of Flaviramea and the variegated foliage of cultivars such
as Cornus sericeaSilver and Gold.
Read all about these dogwoods and many more flowering trees
and shrubs in Landscape Plants for Ohio, but for far more dogwood
details, check out or buy Paul Capiello and Don Shadows Dogwoods
from Timber Press (suggested retail $39.95). Try to imagine the
pictures of Cornus kousaSunsplash with its bright yellow wedges
on leaves of a deep green background. Imagine the deep pink floral
bracts of Cornus kousaHeart Throb or the pinks of Cornus florida
Red Cloud.
There is a wonderful picture in the book of Cornus floridaPoinsett
discovered in Lake County, Ohio with it yellow rather than the usual
red Cornus floridafruits paired with purple fall foliar color. There are
truly exotic plants such as Cornus florida var. pringlei with bracts
fused into what looks like a paper lantern, and pictures of the blood-
twig dogwood, Cornus sanguinea Winter Beauty with its stems
of bright red intermingled with some orange and yellow stems,
accented in the winter against the waters of a pond in a wonderful
winterscape setting. Its enough to make us remember Shelleys
words: If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
CHINESE DOGWOOD
CORNELIANCHERRY DOGWOOD
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
20/28
20
Abstract
Dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) is a major problem on highmaintenance turfgrasses like bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds),annual bluegrass (Poa annua), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Foliar and granularfertilization programs were compared on bentgrass performance anddollar spot incidence at various nitrogen rates and applicationfrequencies. The granular fertilizer source consistently resulted inlower color ratings than the foliar sources. Good to excellent colorresponses did not always result in acceptable dollar spot supp-ression. Foliar fertilization consistently resulted in less dollar spotthan comparable granular treatments. Foliar sources provided dollarspot suppression for at least 70-80 days and 154 days withoutfungicide at 12.2kg ha-1 N weekly (every 7 days) in 2004 and 2005,respectively. This research suggests that foliar feeding with sufficientnitrogen can reduce dollar spot severity and potentially result in lessfungicide use.
Introduction
Dollar spot (DS) continues to be problematic on high maintenanceturfgrasses like bentgrass, annual bluegrass, Kentucky bluegrass,and perennial ryegrass.
Golf course superintendents reportedly spend more money on
fungicides to control dollar spot than for any other turfgrass disease(Vargas, 1994).
Superintendents managing bentgrass fairways are reporting moreintense dollar spot pressure and increased difficulty in dollar spotcontrol.
Many reasons have been hypothesized for these problems includingresistance in field populations of S. homoeocarpato chemicals, lowernitrogen fertility programs, fungicide interactions and PGR use.
Chlorothalonil has been used as a standard contact fungicide fodollar spot management over the years. Recently, chlorothalonil useby golf courses has been restricted to a certain seasonal limit. Thisrestriction has significantly influenced superintendents fungicideusage programs and their chemical family alteration strategies fordollar spot management.
Objective
The purpose of this research project was to (1) reiterate previousOhio State research on the effects of nitrogen fertilization rate, (lighrates versus traditional heavier rates), frequency (7 day vs 14 dayapplication schedule), and application method (foliar feed versusgranular feed), on bentgrass quality and dollar spot severity and (2determine the latter interactions on dollar spot incidence, fungicideefficacy, reduced fungicide rates and extended fungicide applicationintervals.
Materials and Methods
This study is being conducted at the OTF Research and EducationFacility at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. The study wasa randomized complete block design with 3 replications.
Four fertilizers (three liquids and one granular), four nitrogen ratesand two timing frequencies were used (Table 1).
The granular fertilizer Tee Time 20-4-12 (The Andersons) was appliedusing a drop spreader. The liquids and water-soluble fertilizers wereapplied using a CO
2pressurized sprayer using two flat fan nozzles
calibrated to deliver 814.4 L ha-1 (2 gal/1000 ft2).
Tee Time is a granular fertilizer containing 1% polymer coatedammoniacal nitrogen and 19% urea nitrogen with 12% of the urea
NEWGROWTH &TECHNOLOGY
Effect of Nitrogen Source, Rate, Timing andApplication Method on Creeping BentgrassQuality and Dollar SpotJohn Street & Deborah Holdren, Department of Horticulture & Crop Science, The Ohio State University
Continued on page 22
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
21/28
TABLE 1: FERTILIZER SOURCES, RATES, FREQUENCIES AND N/MONTH
N Treatment N Rate Timing Total/N/Month(kg ha-1) (kg ha-1)
ACLF 8.6 12.2 7 day 34.4 48.8
HPF-N 8.6 12.2 34.4 48.8
Tee-Time 8.6 12.2 34.4 48.8
Bulldog 8.6 12.2 34.4 48.8
ACLF 17.1 24.4 14 day 34.4 48.8
HPF-N 17.1 24.4 34.4 48.8
Tee-Time 17.1 24.4 34.4 48.8
Bulldog 17.1 24.4 34.4 48.8
Untreated Check ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Fertilizer treatments received no-fungicide, half rate and full rate pre-diesease applications at 30 dayintervals beginning in May 2004 and 2005.
TABLE 2: DOLLAR SPOT SEVERITY AS AFFECTED BY N SOURCE, RATE AND APPLICATION FREQUENCY
% Dollar Spot
Fertilizer Source N Rate (kg ha-1) Timing 2 - Aug - 2004 22 - Sept - 2005
No Fung Half Full No Fung Half Full
Tee-Time 8.6 7 day 56.7 33.3 20.0 25.0 21.7 11.7
ACLF 8.6 20.0 16.7 10.0 21.7 20.0 8.3
Bulldog 8.6 8.3 10.0 5.0 16.7 11.7 8.3
HPF-N 8.6 18.3 15.0 11.7 16.7 11.7 6.7
Tee-Time 12.2 7 day 46.7 31.7 18.3 28.3 28.3 18.3
ACLF 12.2 1.7 1.7 0.0 11.7 8.3 3.3
Bulldog 12.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 1.7 0.0
HPF-N 12.2 1.7 0.0 0.0 6.7 1.7 1.7
Tee-Time 17.1 14 day 46.7 21.7 23.3 33.3 25.0 18.3
ACLF 17.1 21.7 20.0 13.3 28.3 25.0 16.7
Bulldog 17.1 26.7 13.3 8.3 21.7 13.3 10.0
HPF-N 17.1 28.3 16.7 18.3 20.0 18.3 11.7
Tee-Time 24.4 14 day 30.0 20.0 16.7 26.7 25.0 16.7
ACLF 24.4 20.0 10.0 6.7 25.0 18.3 10.0
Bulldog 24.4 18.3 8.3 3.3 1.7 0.0 0.0
HPF-N 24.4 21.7 6.7 6.7 10.0 8.3 3.3
Unfertilized ---- ---- 16.7 35.0 26.7 30.0 25.0 18.3
LSD (0.05) 10.52 LSD (0.05) 12.56
TABLE 3: LEAF TISSUE N
Fertilizer Source 7 Day Frequency 14 Day Frequency
8.6 kg ha-1 12.2 kg ha-1 17.1 kg ha-1 24.4 kg ha-1
% N % N
ACLF (20-2-1) 5.0efg 5.5abc 5.1def 5.6ab
HPF-N (19-1-1) 4.8fgh 5.3bcd 4.9efgh 5.8a
Tee-Time (20-4-12) 4.7gh 4.7gh 4.6h 5.0defg
Bulldog (28-8-18) 5.0efg 5.6ab 5.2cde 5.7ab
Unfertilized Check 3.7i 3.7i 3.7i 3.7i
LSD (0.05) 0.35
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
22/28
22
as micro prilled sulfur coated urea. Bulldog 28-8-18 is a drywater-soluble fertilizer with 2.1% ammoniacal nitrogen, 5.4% nitratenitrogen and 20.5% urea nitrogen for liquid/foliar feeding.
ACLF 20-2-1 and HPF 19-1-1 (Agro-Culture Liquid Fertilizers) areliquid solutions also designed for liquid/foliar feeding composed
of urea, nitrate and ammoniacal nitrogen with micronutrients.
The nitrogen rates were 0.175 lbN/1000 ft2 (8.6 kg/ha-1), 0.25 lbN/1000ft2 (12.2 kg ha-1), 0.35 lb N/1000ft2 (17.1 kg/ha-1) and 0.5lb N/1000ft2 (24.4 kg ha-1).
Chlorothalonil was split across the fertilizer source/rate/timing treat-ments as no-fungicide, half rate 5.1 L ha-1 (1.625 oz/1000ft2), andfull rate pre-disease 10.3 L ha-1 (3.25 oz/1000ft2), resulting in 54total treatments. Applications were made on about a 30 day treat-ment schedule beginning 11 May and ending 14 Sep 2004 and againon 26 May and ending 30 Sep 2005.
Mowing was performed three times a week (Monday, Wednesday,and Friday) using a Toro 3100 triplex mower with a bench settingof 1.3 cm and clippings were removed. The site was irrigated on aregular basis to prevent wilt. Insecticide applications were made forcutworms, white grubs and black turfgrass ataenius. Preemergenceherbicide was applied in April.
Dollar spot ratings were taken during active dollar spot periods.Dollar spot was very active in May/June and again in late Julythrough September, 2004 and August/September, 2005. Dollar spotwas rated subjectively as an estimate of percent plot infected with0 = no visible disease and 100 = total dollar spot cover.
Clippings were harvested on 13 Sep 2004 by making a single passdown the center of each nitrogen treatment with a commercial walkbehind greensmower. Clippings were bagged, dried at 65C for72 hours and analyzed for total nitrogen content of clippings (% byweight) using the Kjeldahl method.
Results
Dollar spot (DS) severity is reported for peak DS periods in August,2004 and September, 2005 (Table 2).
All granular treatments resulted in consistently more DS whencompared to equivalent foliar treatments. Among the granular no-fungicide treatments, 24.4 kg ha-1 N every 14 days resulted in theleast amount of DS and was the only granular no-fungicide treat-ment to exhibit a DS reduction less than the unfertilized no-fungicidecheck.
All granular treatments in both 2004 and 2005 failed to providelevels of DS control that would be acceptable among mostsuperintendents.
Among the no-fungicide foliar treatments, all sources at 12.2 kgha-1 N every 7 days consistently exhibited the least amount of DS
and provided remarkable DS suppression for 80 days and 154 daysin 2004 and 2005, respectively.
All the foliar treatments at 12.2 kg ha-1 N every 7 days in comb-ination with half rate fungicide resulted in less than 3% DS in 2004less than 10% DS in 2005, and minimized peaks in DS severity ascompared with fertilizer treatments alone, and DS control wasequivalent to the full fungicide rate.
At the foliar N rates of 8.6 and 17.7 kg ha
-1
N every 7 and 14 daysrespectively, Bulldog was the only foliar source that consistentlyexhibited a trend towards acceptable DS control at the half and fulfungicide rates in both 2004 and 2005.
All the foliar sources at 12.2 kg ha-1 N every 7 days consistentlyprovided better DS control than the foliar sources at 24.4 kg ha -1 Nevery 14 days.
Finally, granular treatments had lower N levels than the foliar treat-ments within the same rate/frequency programs. DS was lowest aN contents of 5% (Table 3).
ConclusionsThere exists a very positive relationship between DS control/suppression, N rate and application frequency with foliar N sourcesTotal rate and application frequency are both important.
This research to date suggests that DS control/suppression isimpacted by higher N rates (i.e. 48.8 kg ha-1 N per month) than aretypically being used by superintendents today. Foliar fertilizationprovides consistently superior DS suppression than equivalengranular fertilization. Foliar fertilization every 7 days results inbetter DS control than foliar fertilization every 14 days.
It is also apparent that N source responses that produce acceptable
color responses may not be sufficient monthly or seasonal totals tosignificantly impact DS suppression.
The N content of leaf tissue among the various treatments suggeststhat DS suppression via N requires foliar N levels at the upper end othe sufficiency range of 3 to 6% with a target of 5% or greater.
More research needs to be conducted on foliar feeding, foliarfeeding efficiency, N rate and fungicide programming, and PGRsfoliar feeding responses.
References
Williams, D.W., A.J. Powell, Jr., P. Vincelli, and C.T. Dougherty. 1996. Dollar spot on bentgrass
influenced by displacement of leaf surface moisture, nitrogen and clipping removal. CroSci. 36: 1304-1309.
Burpee, L.L. and L.G. Goultry. 1987. Influence of liquid formulation of N on epidemics of dollar spot disease in a mixed stand of creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass. P. 73-75. IGuelph Turfgrass Inst. Annu Rep. Guelph Turfgrass Inst., Guelph, ON.
Acknowledgements
Thanks to the Greater Pittsburgh Golf Course Superintendents Association and The OhioTurfgrass Foundation for supporting this research.
Continued from page 20
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
23/28
Ed Nagle has traveled originally
from Ireland, a country with a
famous reputation for fine golf
courses and many other like-
able attributes. These have been
created by the fact that it is
the first place where the tough
weather from the north Atlantic ocean first contacts land creating
some beautiful landscapes. Ed studied for his BSc in Turfgrass
Science at Myerscough College in the United Kingdom where
he carried out three years full time education and completed his
degree with a years internship experience on Daufuskie Island,
South Carolina under the tutelage of Superintendent Dan
Hemmerle. Ed was involved in the setting up of the first student
chapter of the GCSAA outside of the USA in Myerscough College.
He carried out research into the effects of saline water in
irrigation supplies on major cool season grasses when completing
his degree at the University of Central Lancashire under the
guidance of Dr. Martyn Jones, Dr. Colin Stanfield and Dr. Peter
Lumsden.
Ed then returned to Ireland to his home course in Enniscorthy and
took up a position as second assistant golf course superintendent.
A visit to the GCSAA show in Atlanta in 2003 renewed his interest
in travel and he set off to work in Australia at Royal Melbourne
GRADUATE STUDENT CORNER Ed Nagle(ADVISOR: DR. DAVID GARDNER)
Thesis Title: The effectiveness of Primo (Trinexapac ethyl) and
foliar nitrogen on improving shade tolerance in bentgrass greens.
GC and helped to prepare the course for the Heineken Classic
a combined European and Asian PGA tour event which was won
by Ernie Els for the third consecutive time. He also worked in
Brookwater GC with Troon Golf management and at Pacific Harbo
and Queensland on their new golf course construction project
Ed then returned to Ohio to work for Mike OKeeffe and organized
his MSc from there.
His research involves the use of the growth regulator Primo and
investigating its success on improving density and turf quality on
golf greens grown in three different light environments. The
effect of tree shade is a common problem and most of the recen
research has concentrated on using shade cloth so it is interest-
ing to use the research plots located under the deciduous trees
at the research facility to see how this effects the turfgrass
quality. There will also be an interest in suitable rates of nitrogen
to apply in conjunction with the applications of Primo to hopefully
improve turf quality in shaded areas. He loves life at the University
and being a big sports fan has a big interest in the football and
basketball teams. He hopes to return to Ireland and venture into
the industry there and help carry the good name of Ohio around
the world.
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
24/28
24
3RD ANNUAL OHIO STATE
GOLF TURFSPRING TEE-OFF
March 1 - 3, 2006Holiday Inn on the LaneColumbus, Ohio
The Ohio Turfgrass Foundation, in conjunction with OSU -Extension and OSU/OARDC, is pleased to present the 3rd Annual Ohio State Golf Turf Spring Tee-Off Conference,Wednesday, March 1 through Friday, March 3 at the HolidayInn on the Lane, Columbus. This two and a half day conference
will allow golf turf professionals and turf students to interactand gain new product and research updates along withchanges occurring in Ohios golf industry. Most of the speakerson the program are OSU professors, OSU alumni, or work inthe Ohio region - giving you information pertinent to Ohiosturfgrass industry. 1.35 GCSAA Education points and 5 hoursof Category 8 ODA Pesticide License Re-Certification creditare available.
The Spring Tee-Off includes a Welcome Reception for allWednesday participants and the OSU Turf Club Luncheonto be held Thursday. Ohio Department of Agriculture testing
for various licenses will be available Friday following theconference.
To register, complete and return the form on the oppositepage. Please visit our Web site, www.OhioTurfgrass.org orcall (888) 683-3445 with questions. We look forward to teeingoff the spring season with you in Columbus.
For hotel reservations, contact the Holiday Inn on the Lane at614-294-4848 or www.holidayinnosu.com and register as aguest of the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation.
Following is the listing of sessions to be presented at thisyears Spring Tee-off:
Wednesday, March 1
USGA Year in Preview Bob Brame, USGA
Velocity Herbicide and Other Poa Controls Dr. John Street, OSU(Cat. 8, .5 hr.)
Industry Update: Roundup Ready Update Wayne Horman, The Scotts Co.
Superintendents Roundtable Moderators: Bob Brame, USGA & Todd Voss, OTF
Welcome Reception FREE to all conference registrants
Thursday, March 2
Fertilizer Can We Afford It? Dr. John Street, OSU
Hot Topics/Industry Trends Larry Aylward, Golfdom Magazine
Industry Update: Emerald Ash Borer
Dr. David Shetlar, OSU Insecticide Programs for 2006
Dr. David Shetlar, OSU(Cat. 8, .5 hr)
OSU/GCSAA Student Turf Club Luncheon
USGA Rules Affecting Superintendents Bill McCarthy, USGA
Disease Update When Your Program Falls Apart Joe Rimelspach, OSU(Cat. 8, 1 hr.)
Industry Update: OSU Professional Golf ManagementProgram Dr. Ray Miller, OSU
Golf Greens Hydrology Dr. Ed McCoy, OSU
Dollar Spot When Should We Make Our FirstApplication? Dr. Mike Boehm, OSU (Cat. 8, 1 hr.)
Friday, March 3
Broadleaf Weed Control Dr. David Gardner, OSU(Cat. 8, 1 hr.)
PGRs and other Chemical Approaches to StressTolerance Dr. Karl Danneberger, OSU (Cat. 8, 1 hr.)
Ohio Turfgrass Research Trust Founders Club Update Paul Jacquemin, OTRT
Weathering the Storm with Effective CommunicationsWithin the Club Chad Mark, Kirtland Country Club
Golf Design with Maintenance in Mind Jason Straka, Hurdzan/Fry Golf Course Design
Program subject to change.
GCSAA Education PointsWednesday, March 1 = .40 Education PointsThursday, March 2 = .60 Education Points
Friday, March 3 = .35 Education Points
ODA Pesticide License Testing for Various Categories
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
25/28
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
26/28
26
THE 2006 OTF BOARD OF DIRECTORS, STANDING, LEFT TO RIGHT: DAN WALTER, CITY OF BLUE ASH GC; MARK JORDAN, WESTFIELD COMPANIES CC; DR. CHUCK DARRAH,CLC LABS; MARK GRUNKEMEYER, BUCKEYE ECOCARE; DON LAWRENCE, RED HAWK RUN GC; KEVIN THOMPSON, OTF EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR; TODD VOSS, DOUBLE EAGLE CLUBJOE ENCISO, CENTU RY EQUIPMENT ; GLEN POTTENGER, LA RCH TREE GC. SEATED, LEFT TO RIGHT: DR. JOHN STREET, THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY; RANDY SHAVER, STRATEGICGOLF ALLIANCE; AND DOUG GALLANT, THE CINCINNATI REDS. NOT PICTURED: KIM KELLOGG, GRASSHOPPER PROPERTY MAINTENANCE.
MANY OF OTFS DISTINGUISHED PAST PRESIDENTS GATHERED FOR THE ANNUAL PAST PRESIDENTS LUNCHEON. BACK ROW, LEFT TO RIGHT: RANDY TISCHER,MARK HEINLEIN, JOHN MOWAT AND GEORGE FURRER. SECOND ROW: ED ODORIZZI, DOUG HALTERMAN, RICK KUCHARSKI, JIM SHARP, JOE MOTZ, ED EATONHANK CHAFIN, JOE DUNCAN AND DAVID WEBNER. FRONT ROW: GARY STEWART, BILL BURDICK, MARK YODER, PAUL MORGAN, GENE PROBASCO, CHARLIE TADGE ANDHARRY MURRAY.
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
27/28
-
8/14/2019 06Jan FebOTFNL
28/28
Printer Please
Place Your
PRESORT STD
Indicia Here
1100-H Brandywine Blvd
Zanesville OH 43701-7303
888-OTF-3445
Fax: (740) 452-2552
www.OhioTurfgrass.org
Return Service Requested
OTF Board of Trustees
Trustees
Term Expires 2007
Joe EncisoCentury Equipment
Randy ShaverStrategic Golf Alliance, Inc.
Trustees
Term Expires 2008
Doug Gallant
Cincinnati Reds
Trustees
Term Expires 2009
Mark GrunkemeyerBuckeye Ecocare
Kim KelloggGrasshopper Property Maint.
Don LawrenceRed Hawk Run G.C.
Dan WalterCity of Blue Ash
2006 OTF Officers
President
Glen Pottenger, CGCSLarch Tree Golf Course
Vice President
Mark JordanWestfield Companies Country Club
Treasurer
Todd VossDouble Eagle Club
Immediate Past President
Dr. Chuck DarrahCLC LABS
Director of Education
Dr. John R. StreetThe Ohio State University
Executive Director
Kevin ThompsonOTF/Offinger Management Co.
2006 OSU TurfgrassScience Team
Horticulture & Crop Science
Dr. John Street
Dr. Karl Danneberger
Dr. David Gardner
Ms. Pamela Sherratt
Ms. Jill Taylor
Ms. Deborah Holdren
Entomology
Dr. Dave Shetlar
Dr. Parwinder Grewal
Mr. Kevin Power
Mr. Dan Digman
Plant Pathology
Dr. Michael Boehm
Mr. Joseph Rimelspach
Mr. Todd Hicks
School of Natural Resources
Dr. Ed McCoyMr. Stephen Schneider
Agricultural Technical
Institute (ATI)
Mr. David Willoughby
Dr. Daniel Voltz