0720 system of rice intensification experience in punjab under extension reform (atma)
DESCRIPTION
Presenter: Amrik Singh Audience: 2nd National SRI Symposium, Agartala, India Subject Country: IndiaTRANSCRIPT
EXPERIENCE IN PUNJABEXPERIENCE IN PUNJABUNDER EXTENSION REFORM (ATMA)UNDER EXTENSION REFORM (ATMA)
Department of Agriculture, PunjabDepartment of Agriculture, Punjab
Dr. Amrik Singh Dr. Amrik Singh Agriculture Dev. Officer cum Agriculture Dev. Officer cum Dy. Project Director. ATMADy. Project Director. ATMAGurdaspur ( Punjab)Gurdaspur ( Punjab)E mail : E mail : [email protected]: +91-9872211194Tel: +91-9872211194
System Of Rice Intensification System Of Rice Intensification
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Total geographical area : 50.33 lakh ha Net area sown: 42.01 lakh ha Area under cultivation (%) : 84 Area under irrigation (%) : 96 Cropping intensity (%) : 188 Area under rice: 25.75 lakh ha. Cropping pattern : Rice – wheat Decrease in water level during 1993 - 2003 = 55 cm 2004 - 2005 = 74 cm
Contribution of rice from Punjab to central pool keeps reducing
3Static of DOA PunjabStatic of DOA Punjab04/10/23
0
16
4541
3538
4237
42
33 33
49
39 3733
0
10
20
30
40
50
6019
60-6
1
1970
-71
1980
-81
1990
-91
1995
-96
1996
-97
1997
-98
1998
-99
99-2
000
20-2
001
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
4
Contribution of Rice to the Central Pool from Punjab
Static of DOA PunjabStatic of DOA Punjab04/10/23
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Would this be the future of Punjab? A desert?Would this be the future of Punjab? A desert?
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SAVE WATER, SAVE LIFETO SUSTAIN UNIVERSAL PROSPERITYBIN JAL NAHIN KAL
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First, there is life in the water, by which everything else is made green.
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AVERAGE FALL/RISE OF WATER TABLE IN PUNJAB
DURING 1993 - 2003
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Average fall/rise of water table in Punjab during 1993-200304/10/23 Dr Amrik SinghDr Amrik Singh
CAUSES OF WATER TABLE DECLINE
CropCrop Pre-Green Pre-Green RevolutionRevolution
Present Present dayday
WheatWheat 37%37% 78%78%
RiceRice 6%6% 60%60%
GramGram 22%22% 0.4%0.4%
Other Other pulsespulses
24%24% 1.3%1.3%
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SHIFT IN CROPPING PATTERN
EARLY RICE CULTIVATION
FREE ELECTRICITY AND CANAL WATER FOR IRRIGATION
WANING AWAY OF NATURAL LOW-LYING AREAS AND COMMON VILLAGE PONDS
CONTINOUS STANDING OF WATER IN RICE FIELDS, RESULTING IN RELEASE OF 0.45 TONS OF METHANE AND CO2 IN 90 DAYS WHICH CONTRIBUTES TO GLOBAL WARMING
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SHIFT TO INSTALLING SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS FROM CONVENTIONAL CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
This results in:
1. HIGH INSTALLATION COSTS, AND
2. INCREASED POWER REQUIREMENT -- WITH MORE INPUT COST
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12EFFECT OF SODIC SUBSOIL WATER IRRIGATION ON RICE
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5-Year Plan5-Year Plan Growth Rate (%)Growth Rate (%)
1992-971992-97 4.74.7
1997-021997-02 2.12.1
2002-062002-06 1.51.5
2007-122007-12 4.14.1(projected)(projected)
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REMEDIAL MEASURES:
1. Increasing ground water recharge. Maintenance of soil health for sustainable tapping of
underground water. Renovation of existing village ponds and excavation
of new ponds for tapping groundwater flow Increase in canal water supply
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2.Crop diversification
3. Delaying rice transplanting
4. Increase area under hybrid rice.
5. Popularization of the System of Rice Intensification for increasing productivity of rice per unit of area and for water saving
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Depletion of underground water table Degrading soil fertility Shrinkage in average size of land holding Rise in farmers’ cost of cultivation. Deficiency of micronutrients in soil Development of pest resistance Decrease in production and productivity
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METHODOLOGY
Nursery was sown on raised beds Young seedlings 10-12 days old were used for
transplanting Single seedling per hill Planting at wider spacing (25x25 cm) Weed control with conoweeder as well as
manual weeding Irrigation given to 2.5 cm depth up to panicle
initiation after surface cracks developed 65 kg urea was used in addition of 4 tons FYM
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Seed TreatmentSeed Treatment•10 gm ceresin wet10 gm ceresin wet• I gm StreptocyclinI gm Streptocyclinper 8 kg of seedper 8 kg of seed• Broadcast seed on Broadcast seed on nursery bed nursery bed
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SEEDLINGS AFTER 10 DAYSSEEDLINGS AFTER 10 DAYS
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• Application of thin Application of thin layer of FYMlayer of FYM• Broadcasting of Broadcasting of sprouted seeds on sprouted seeds on nursery bedsnursery beds
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Amrik Singh
SRI CONVENTIONAL METHOD
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UPROOTING OF SEEDLINGS
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SRI CONVENTIONAL METHOD
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Application of fertilizer
35 kg urea at the time of field preparation
4 tons well composted FYM per acre 15 kg urea at 25 DAT 15 kg urea at 45 DAT
PREPARATION OF CHANNELS FOR DRAINAGE OF EXCESS WATER
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Flooding the Flooding the main fieldmain field
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Marking field with markerMarking field with marker
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Transplanting of young seedlingsTransplanting of young seedlings
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WEEDING WITH ROTARY CONO WEEDERWEEDING WITH ROTARY CONO WEEDER
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DR. GURDIAL SINGH, JOINT DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE DR. GURDIAL SINGH, JOINT DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE (HYVP) & DR. B.S. KAHLON, CHIEF AGRI. OFFICER, (HYVP) & DR. B.S. KAHLON, CHIEF AGRI. OFFICER,
INTERACTING WITH FARMERSINTERACTING WITH FARMERS
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Difference between SRI and conventional methodsDifference between SRI and conventional methodsof rice cultivation ( PAU 201)of rice cultivation ( PAU 201)
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Profuse Productive TillersProfuse Productive Tillers
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REDUCTION IN HEIGHT OF PLANT
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STRONGER ROOT SYSTEMS
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Millipedes in SRI fieldMillipedes in SRI field No. of productive tillersNo. of productive tillers
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Farmers counting the tillers of SRI rice plantin an exhibition
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SRI farmer presenting panicles of SRI rice to
S. Sucha Singh Langah, Punjab Minister of Agriculture
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Economics of SRI cultivation vs. conventional method, kharif 2007
Non-SRINon-SRI SRISRI
ItemItem QuantityQuantity Value (Rs)Value (Rs) QuantityQuantity Value (Rs)Value (Rs)
Paddy production per Paddy production per acreacre
31.80 31.80 qt/acreqt/acre
21465/-21465/- 49.80 49.80 qt/acreqt/acre
33,615/-33,615/-
VARIABLE COSTSVARIABLE COSTS -- --
1. Seed & seed 1. Seed & seed treatmenttreatment
i. Seed (kg)i. Seed (kg) 8kg8kg 120/-120/- 2kg2kg 30/- 30/-
ii. Seed treatment ii. Seed treatment
(a) Emisan (gm) (a) Emisan (gm) (b) (b) Streptomycin (gm)Streptomycin (gm)
1010
116/-6/-
5/-5/-10gm10gm
1gm1gm6/-6/-
5/-5/-
Sub TotalSub Total 131/-131/- 41/-41/-
2. Manure and 2. Manure and fertilizersfertilizers
(a) Urea(a) Urea 110 kg110 kg 499/-499/- 65 kg65 kg 278/-278/-
(b) DAP(b) DAP 50 kg50 kg 467/-467/-
(c) Zinc sulphate(c) Zinc sulphate -- -- -- --43Dr Amrik SinghDr Amrik Singh04/10/23
ItemItem QuantityQuantity Value (Rs)Value (Rs) QuantityQuantity Value (Rs)Value (Rs)
FYMFYM -- -- 4 ton4 ton 1200/-1200/-
(d) Muriate Of potash(d) Muriate Of potash -- -- -- --
Sub TotalSub Total 966/-966/- -- 1478/-1478/-
(3) Pesticides, (3) Pesticides, fungicide & fungicide & insecticideinsecticide
(a) Nuvacron(a) Nuvacron -- -- --
(b) Blitox(b) Blitox -- -- --
(c) Butachlor(c) Butachlor 1200 ml1200 ml 180/-180/- -- --
(d) Caldan(d) Caldan -- -- -- --
Sub TotalSub Total 180/-180/- -- --
(4) Irrigation(4) Irrigation 2626 675/-(Diesel 675/-(Diesel charges)charges)
1414 215/-215/-
(5) Human labour (5) Human labour (transplanting, (transplanting, spraying, weeding, etc.)spraying, weeding, etc.)
1200/-1200/- 2125/- per 2125/- per acreacre
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(6) Tractor (hrs)(6) Tractor (hrs) 3T 3T Harrow,Harrow,
2 tillings2 tillings
puddlingpuddling
900/-900/-
500/-500/-
650/-650/-
3T 3T Harrow, 2 Harrow, 2
tillingstillings
levelingleveling
900/-900/-
500/-500/-
100/-100/-
(7) Harvesting (7) Harvesting (cost per acre)(cost per acre)
600/-600/- 700/- 700/-
(8) Marketing (8) Marketing chargescharges
146.55/-146.55/- 229.08/-229.08/-
Sub TotalSub Total 3,996.55/-3,996.55/- 4,554.04/-4,554.04/-
Total variable Total variable costcost
5,948.55/-5,948.55/- 7,288.04/-7,288.04/-
Interest@ 9% for Interest@ 9% for half yearhalf year
535.32/-535.32/- 655.42/-655.42/-
Total CostTotal Cost 6,483.87/-6,483.87/- 7,943.46/-7,943.46/-
Total ReturnTotal Return 14,98I.13/-14,98I.13/- 25,671.5025,671.50
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REPORT ON SRI CULTIVATIONNAME OF THE FARMER : BHAGWAN SINGHADDRESS : VILLAGE DEHRIWAL DAROGA , DISTRICT GURDASPURSEASON : KHARIF SEASON 2007-08 -- AREA UNDER SRI: 3 KANALVARIETY : PAU 201
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S.No.S.No. ParameterParameter Farmers methodFarmers method SRISRI
1.1. Date of nursery sowingDate of nursery sowing 18 /5/200718 /5/2007 18/5/200718/5/2007
22 Date of transplantingDate of transplanting 16/6/200716/6/2007 27/5/200727/5/2007
33 Weed ControlWeed Control 1200 ml Butachlor1200 ml Butachlor 2 T weeding with 2 T weeding with CW+ 1HWCW+ 1HW
44 FYMFYM NILNIL 1 MT1 MT
33 Fertilizer (urea, kg/acre)Fertilizer (urea, kg/acre) 115115 45 kg45 kg
44 No. of productive tillers/m2No. of productive tillers/m2 345345 425425
55 No. of grains/panicleNo. of grains/panicle 225225 297297
66 Length of panicle (cm)Length of panicle (cm) 2525 2828
88 Chaffy grain (%)Chaffy grain (%) 1616 1212
99 Grain yield (kg/acre)Grain yield (kg/acre) 28.400 qt/ acre28.400 qt/ acre 38.680 qt/ acre38.680 qt/ acre
1010 Yield per sq mt (gm) Yield per sq mt (gm) 710710 967967
1111 Duration (days)Duration (days) 145145 137137
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REPORT ON SRI CULTIVATIONNAME OF THE FARMER : KAPIL BEHALADDRESS : VILLAGE HAYATNAGAR, DISTRICT GURDASPURSEASON : KHARIF SEASON 2007-08 -- AREA UNDER SRI: 0.5 ACREVARIETY : PAU 201
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S.No.S.No. ParameterParameter Farmers methodFarmers method SRISRI
1.1. Date of nursery sowingDate of nursery sowing 12/5/200712/5/2007 12/5/200712/5/2007
22 Date of transplantingDate of transplanting 13/6/200713/6/2007 24/5/200724/5/2007
33 Weed controlWeed control 1200 ml Butachlor1200 ml Butachlor 3 T weeding with 3 T weeding with CW CW
44 FYMFYM NILNIL 4 MT4 MT
55 Fertilizer (urea, kg per acre)Fertilizer (urea, kg per acre) 115115 65 kg65 kg
66 No. of productive tillers/m2No. of productive tillers/m2 245245 315315
77 No. of grains/panicleNo. of grains/panicle 212212 302302
88 Length of panicle (cm)Length of panicle (cm) 2525 3232
1010 Chaffy grain (%)Chaffy grain (%) 1616 1313
1111 Grain yield (kg/acre)Grain yield (kg/acre) 31.80 qt/ acre31.80 qt/ acre 49.80 qt/ acre49.80 qt/ acre
1212 Yield per sq mt (gm) Yield per sq mt (gm) 795795 12501250
1313 Duration (days)Duration (days) 145145 141141
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Method of Method of cultivationcultivation
No. of No. of irrigations irrigations per acreper acre
Time to Time to irrigate irrigate one acreone acre
Saving of Saving of water water
under SRIunder SRI
Conven- Conven-
tional tional
methodsmethods2626
4 hours 4 hours
(5 cm)(5 cm)
45-50%45-50%
SRISRI 14142.15 hours: 2.15 hours: 2.5 cm with 2.5 cm with intermittent intermittent drying and drying and
wettingwetting
If we apply SRI method of rice cultivation in 26 lakh If we apply SRI method of rice cultivation in 26 lakh hectare of rice area in Punjab, then it is estimated that hectare of rice area in Punjab, then it is estimated that 50% water and electricity can be saved.50% water and electricity can be saved.
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Year No. of farmers Area covered (acres)
2005-06 10 3
2006-07 25 30
2007-08 150 175
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BENEFITS OF SRI AS OBSERVED BY FARMERS
Seed requirements 75% less
Water requirements 45-50 % less & resistance to water stress
Fertilizer requirements 25%-40 % less
Head rice recovery 71-74%
Maturity period Uniform
Duration 8-10 days less
Yield 25-40% more
Root and tillering system
Strong & profuse, resulting in lodging resistance
Pest & disease management
Development of resistance against foot rot in Basmati
Soil health Increase the microbiological activities
Require green manure/compost & good land preparation
Drain field before transplanting to get thicker mud
Experiment with different planting distances Need for motorized mechanical weeding for
soil aeration Need for research on chemical weed control
due to shortages of labour
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Psychology and attitude Transplanting Water management Lack of labour for transplanting &
weeding Scooping of seedling Lack of equipment for marking &
weeding Sometimes cono-weeder is not working Non-availability of organic manures More labour-intensity with SRI
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Unsolved problem in SRI plot
Irrigating field up to the flowering stage to a depth of 2.5 cm after surface cracks developed
Afterwards, conventional irrigation can give a similar yield with a 45-50% saving of water
Incorporation of weeds is more beneficial for increasing the grain yield than removing them from the field
SRI could reduce seed cost, especially for hybrid seed
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SRI methods offer scope for considerable reduction in the water, electricity and seed requirements with an increase in yield attributable in large part to the incorporation of weeds into the soil & to soil aeration along with different plant management practices
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Demonstrations on Government farms Need for appointing a Nodal Officer in the
State for SRI coordination and promotion Study tours for farmers to see SRI for
themselves Training to field staff Creating awareness among farmers by
using print media as well as electronic media
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Assured irrigation facilities for farmers using SRI, as they need smaller but reliable issues
Implementation of SRI technique through schemes
Providing markers and conoweeders with 50% subsidy; also need to assure good quality of tools
Agriculture extension staff need to be trained in this method, and incentives may be announced for rewarding district-wise those who motivate the highest number of farmers
Organization of SRI demonstrations on a large scale in the state
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