Code No: 43079 Set No. 1

II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009METALLURGICAL THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS

(Metallurgy & Material Technology)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks

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1. (a) What is meant by energy cascading? How is it thermodynamically efficient?Explain.

(b) Define and explain the thermodynamic system.

(c) A system goes for a cyclic process and returns back to its original state willthe magnitude of internal energy of the system remain same? Explain.

[6+4+6]

2. (a) Show that the efficiency of a reversible engines operating between the sametemperature levels is the same.

(b) Explain, whether there is any way to increase the efficiency of a Carnot heatengine other than by increasing TH or decreasing TL(TH and TL are high andlow temperature of reserviors). [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the significance of equilibrium constant. What information may beobtained from the value of equilibrium constant? Discuss.

(b) Derive the expression:(

∂T

∂V

)

S= −

(

∂P

∂S

)

V. [8+8]

4. (a) Derive the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.

(b) For the estimation of vapour pressure of an element/compound, which rule isa valuable empirical aid. Explain the rule in detail. [8+8]

5. Define lattice diffusion? Explain why activation energy is higher for diffusion alongsurfaces than for lattice diffusion? [16]

6. (a) Show that a common tangent to free energy curves of two-phases representsequilibrium between the phases? Explain how this result can be utilized togenerate phase diagrams from free energy diagrams?

(b) Differentiate between Ellingham diagrams and Richardson’s diagrams? [16]

7. Discuss in detail about the use of the Gibbs-Duhem equation for determination ofactivity? [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the common characteristics of catalysis?

(b) Differentiate between adsorption theory and collision theory? [8+8]

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Code No: 43079 Set No. 2

II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009METALLURGICAL THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS

(Metallurgy & Material Technology)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks

⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. (a) Explain what do you mean by thermodynamic equillibrium.

(b) Discuss the importance of functions of state in thermodynamics.

(c) Prove that (CP − CV ) =[

V −

(

H

P

)

T

] (

P

T

)

V. [5+5+6]

2. (a) Explain how is entropy related to molecular disorder of a system.

(b) What do you understand by perfect order? Explain.

(c) Prove that all spontaneous(natural) processes are irreversible. [5+4+7]

3. (a) What do you understand by the equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction?Explain.

(b) Find out the equilibrium constant of the reaction A+B=C+D.

(c) Explain the relationship between activity(a)activity coefficient (γ) and molefraction(f). [6+4+6]

4. (a) What is integrated form of Clausius-Clapeyron equation? What are the vari-ous ways of integrating the equation. Discuss their importance.

(b) Explain the various terms in the following expression and explain the impor-tance of the expression.dP

dT= ∆S

∆V= S̄B−S̄α

V̄B−V̄α

. [7+9]

5. (a) Explain the laws which describes the steady state and non steady state con-ditions of mass flow?

(b) What are the factors which influences the Fick’s Laws? [8+8]

6. (a) Show that a common tangent to free energy curves of two-phases representsequilibrium between the phases? Explain how this result can be utilized togenerate phase diagrams from free energy diagrams?

(b) Differentiate between Ellingham diagrams and Richardson’s diagrams? [16]

7. Explain and how the composition of of the solution can be expressed for metallur-gical extraction processes? [16]

8. Explain about:

(a) Specific reaction rate

(b) Zero order reaction

(c) Half-life period. [16]

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Code No: 43079 Set No. 3

II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009METALLURGICAL THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS

(Metallurgy & Material Technology)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks

⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. (a) Explain what do you mean by thermodynamic equillibrium.

(b) Discuss the importance of functions of state in thermodynamics.

(c) Prove that (CP − CV ) =[

V −

(

H

P

)

T

] (

P

T

)

V. [5+5+6]

2. (a) Give and explain Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynam-ics.

(b) Prove the following relations: [6+10](

∂G

∂P

)

T= V ;

(

∂H

∂P

)

S= V

3. (a) Derive the relationship between the standard free energy change and equilib-rium constant of a reaction.

(b) Derive the expression(

∂S

∂V

)

T=

(

∂P

∂T

)

V. [8+8]

4. (a) Obtain the Claussius Clapeyron equation from Maxwell relations.

(b) Write short notes on liquid-vapour and solid-vapour equilibria. [8+8]

5. (a) What are the macroscopic laws of diffusion? Explain?

(b) Explain how the oxidation of a metal is controlled by the diffusion rate ofatoms (or ions) through the surface layer. [8+8]

6. (a) Show that a common tangent to free energy curves of two-phases representsequilibrium between the phases? Explain how this result can be utilized togenerate phase diagrams from free energy diagrams?

(b) Differentiate between Ellingham diagrams and Richardson’s diagrams? [16]

7. (a) Explain about the elevation of boiling point by a non-volatile solute?

(b) Discuss about depression of freezing point and is applicable to a liquidus line?[8+8]

8. Define the following:

(a) Chemical Process

(b) Order of reaction

(c) Catalyst

(d) Rate of reaction

(e) Molecularity

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Code No: 43079 Set No. 3

(f) Chemical reaction

(g) Collision theory

(h) Kinetics of chemical process. [16]

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Code No: 43079 Set No. 4

II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009METALLURGICAL THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS

(Metallurgy & Material Technology)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks

⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

1. (a) Distinguish between the terms:

i. Change of state

ii. Path and

iii. process.

(b) Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties with suitable examples.[8+8]

2. (a) Explain how is entropy related to molecular disorder of a system.

(b) What do you understand by perfect order? Explain.

(c) Prove that all spontaneous(natural) processes are irreversible. [5+4+7]

3. (a) Explain the significance of equilibrium constant. What information may beobtained from the value of equilibrium constant? Discuss.

(b) Derive the expression:(

∂T

∂V

)

S= −

(

∂P

∂S

)

V. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain whether Claussius-Clapeyron equation is applicable for solid-liquid,liquid-vapour phase transformations or not.

(b) Discuss the phase behaviour of vapour liquid system. [7+9]

5. (a) How diffusion coefficient is determined by experimental method?

(b) Amorphous selenium used as a semiconductor material exhibits unusual dif-fusion characteristics. The following is a set of experimental data for selfdiffusion in amorphous selenium. Calculate D0 and Q. [8+8]

T0C D m2/s35 7.7×10−6

40 2.4×10−15

46 3.2×10−14

56 3.2×10−13

6. (a) Show that a common tangent to free energy curves of two-phases representsequilibrium between the phases? Explain how this result can be utilized togenerate phase diagrams from free energy diagrams?

(b) Differentiate between Ellingham diagrams and Richardson’s diagrams? [16]

7. (a) Differentiate between ideal and non-ideal solution?

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Code No: 43079 Set No. 4

(b) Differentiation between Raoult’s law and Henry’s law?

(c) Define the standard chemical potential? [6+4+6]

8. (a) The radioactive decay of uranium first order and the half life is 4.51×109seconds,calculate the specific reaction rate. In how many days will 75 percent of a givenamount of uranium disappear?

(b) What are the factors which effects the rate of reaction? [8+8]

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