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AnalysingMorphemes

Lesson 7A

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Analysing morphemesYou can do this in 2 ways

By dividing it up with hyphens:

e.g. truth-ful-ness

By using a tree diagram

truth - ful - ness

N

N

A

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Dividing with hyphens Divide into base form + morphemes

truth = one morpheme

truthful = base form + bound morpheme

truth-ful

truthfulness = base form + bound + boundtruth-ful-ness

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Can you divide these words? Colourful

Happiness

Unbelievable

Teacher

Monster Rattlesnake

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Can you divide these words? Colourful colour-ful

Happiness happi-ness

Unbelievable un-believ-able

Teacher teach-er

Monster monster Rattlesnake rattle-snake

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Constructing tree diagrams (1) Divide the word into its constuent morphemes e.g.

greed-i-ness

Decide the root and its grammatical category :greed = noun (N)

Decide the grammatical category of all the new

words created by the other morphemesgreedy = adjective (A)

greediness = noun (N)

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Constructing tree diagrams (2) Write the divided word at the bottom of the page

greed-i-ness

Write the grammatical

category of the root

and join it to the word: greed

Write the grammatical

category of all the

new words created by

the other morphemes greed-i greed-i-nessand join them up

N

A N

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Now write the word and connect up all the

categories. Can you label the boxes?

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Well done!

Greed >

Greedy >

Greediness

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Try this word - specification Can you divide it up with hyphens?

specif-ic-ation

specif-= specify = root

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What are the grammatical

categories ?

specif-ic-ation

specify = Verb

specific = Adjective

specification = Noun

What will be the shape of the tree?

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Well done! Now label it

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Find the roots the following words unwholesome

whole

rulership

rule

underdeveloped

develop

overachiever

achieve

operational

operate

indispensable

dispense

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Build the tree from the root un-whole-some

whole

A

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Add the next word that is

created to the tree

whole + some

this creates the new adjective wholesome

whole - some

A

A

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Add the next word that is

created to the tree

un + wholesome

this creates the new adjective unwholesome

un - whole-some

A

A

A

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Draw tree diagrams for the

following words rul-er-ship

under-develop-ed

over-achiev-er

operat-ion-al

in-dispens-able

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Analysing compounds Compound nouns can be a single word

with two base forms:

e.g. windmill = wind + mill

rattlesnake = rattle + snake

How do we analyse these ?

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Drawing a tree of a 1-word

compound is easyWindmill = noun

Wind = noun

Mill = noun

wind-mill

N N

N

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black bird + black-birdblack bird blackbird

is a noun phrase is a compound noun

black bird black-bird

N N

NNP

NN

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Analysing 2-word compounds Compound nouns can also be made up

of two words

e.g. coffee table

In this case you have to decide whichword is the head and which word is themodifier

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Where is the head in these

compounds

coffee table

swimming pool car park

dish washer

oven cleaner

table

pool park

washer

cleaner

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dish washer

dish washer = noun

washer = nounwash = verb

-er = bound morpheme

wash = head

What shape is the tree?

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Notice the label of the head

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Analyse and draw a tree Coffee table

Swimming pool

Car park