08 artificial satellites

7/23/2019 08 Artificial Satellites

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Interactive and Integrative Lesson Plan

Artificial Satellites

(Date)

I. Objectives

Cognitive : Identify the technologies that made space exploration possible.

Enumerate some space probes and their missions.

Explain how satellites are hurled into space and placed in orbit.

Name the importance of satellites.

Name some achievements/problems met in space exploration.

Psychomotor : Manipulate computers.Affective : Realie the significance of technology in space exploration.

II. Integration

A. Value: !roper use of modern technology.B. Makabayan: Man and outer space.

III. Subject Matter

1. nit : "eyond the #olar #ystem!o"ic : #pace explorationSub#to"ics : $rtificial satellites and problems of space travel.$eference : i%extboo& '( #cience and )ealth '( *essie $. +illegas( pages ,-',-Materials : rubber balloon( string( straw( tape

2. %once"ts&$elated Ideas

0. 1rbit of #atellites. #putni& I( the first manmade satellite( was launched in late0234 by the #oviet 5nion. %his event signaled the beginning of the 6#pace

$ge6. #atellites are placed into orbit by firing amultistage booster rocket.a7 %he first stage launches the satellite vertically to a desired altitude for a

few seconds. %hen a mechanism operates to tilt it slightly from thevertical. "y this time the satellite has passed through the denseratmosphere and the firststage roc&et fuel is almost consumed. %hen thefirststage roc&et detaches itself automatically and falls.

b7 %he secondstage roc&et starts to operate and continues to lift thesatellite higher into space. 1nce the satellite reaches an altitude of about8,9 &m( it is free from the drag of the earths atmosphere( and its motionis governed by the same laws that govern the motion of natural satellites.

c7 $s the secondstage roc&et burns out( the third stage roc&et ta&es overto give the satellite the precise velocity to maintain its orbit in thataltitude. #atellites are placed in a variety of altitudes.

d7 %he time re;uired by a satellite to orbit Earth depends upon its altitude. $satellite located


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indefinitely around the earth. If the velocity is too small or the angle is toolow( the satellite will fall bac& to earth and burn in the atmosphere. If thevelocity is too great( or the angle too high= the satellite will ta&e anelliptical orbit. #o far( all satellites are hurled into an elliptical orbit(coming closer to the earth during one part of its trip( and speeding furtherout into space during another portion of the trip. %he point in the orbit atwhich the satellite is nearest to the earth is called the perigee= the pointat which it is farthest away is called the apogee.

f7 %he advantage of an elliptical orbit is that it can provide information aboutthe conditions of space at varying distances from the earth. %hedisadvantage of an elliptical orbit is that it has a definite life span. %hismeans that it will remain in orbit only for a certain period depending on itsaltitude( and then it plunges to its end. %he reason is that every time itreaches its perigee( it encounters air resistance causing it to losealtitude. )ence( it dips deeper and deeper into the denser atmosphere(where it eventually burns up li&e a falling meteor.

,. Importance of #atellites.a7 $ satellite is a valuable tool for research in two basic ways. >irst( it acts

as a moving observatory that can be trac&ed by observers on the ground.#econd( it serves as a laboratory carrying instruments that gather and

transmit data about the regions through which it travels.b7 %rac&ing the satellite means to follow closely its path by means of

electronic signals so that trac&ing stations on the ground can receivegravitational( magnetic( electrical( atmospheric( and cosmic data moreaccurately than could be observed on the ground. %elescopes( radiotransmitters( infrared sensors on satellites( for example( can relay betterand clearer pictures than earthbound instruments because they are freefrom atmospheric obstructions.

c7 $ promising future for satellites in high and stable orbit is that they can beused as space stations for launching space ships. $ny space shiplaunched from such a satellite could easily carry fuel sufficient enough toreach its destination and return( because it does not need extra fuel toovercome the earth?s gravitational pull and the atmosphere?s drag.

8. !roblems of #pace %ravel.a7 )ealth and Nutrition. >eeding the crew of a space ship and &eeping them

healthy can be very difficult because of the many new conditions neverencountered on the earth?s surface.

b7 %he most significant of these new conditions is the feeling ofweightlessness. Everything aboard( unless held down( will float aboutinside the ship. @i;uids cannot be poured from the containers. @i;uidfood and water must be forced directly into the mouth from a closedcontainer( because li;uids in an open container will float out and hangssuspended in space. Aeightlessness can also disturb a person?s senseof balance( which can cause prolonged diiness.

c7 %he space traveler must be conditioned to endure the tremendousacceleration to attain the right escape velocity and orbital velocity( as well

as the tremendous deceleration when reentering the earth?s atmosphere.d7 %he provision for food( water( and especially oxygen is typicallyproblematic for long


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g7 Isolation and Insulation. $ space ship must be completely sealed. $nylea& will allow the air to escape explosively fast to cause instant death tothe occupants. %he space ship must be protected from the extremes oftemperatures... from the intense heat while cruising through theatmosphere.... to the excessive loss of heat in the intense cold of space.

h7 Meteoric !articles. #pace vehicles must be protected against large;uantities of meteoric particles that are &nown to exist in outer space.

.

3. Process Skills

1bserving( inferring

IV. Procedure

A. Pre"aratory ActivitiesCreetingsDhec&ing of attendanceDhec&ing of assignments

1. $evie'

1. What is the first requirement of space exploration?

2. How are rockets propelled?

3. What is escape velocity and why must rockets achieve escape velocity before it can be

hurled into space?. How are artificial satellites hurled into space by rockets?

2. Motivation

!how video clip of "ussia#s !putnik $

3. Presentation

"ussia#s !putnik $ si%nals the be%innin% of the &!pace '%e.( !ince then) numerous

rockets and satellites have been launched for various missions. *he ultimate %oal of these space

explorations is to set up a permanent space satellite where experiments can be performed+experiments that will %reatly benefit mankind. $n this lesson) we shall discuss how satellites are

hurled into space) their importance) and problems.

4. %once"t (or)ation

1. ,pen your books to pa%e 2-.

2. !atellites are placed into orbit by firin% a multista%e rocket. What happens durin% the first

sta%e?3. efore the first sta%e detaches itself and falls) the second sta%e rocket starts to operate to

lift the satellite hi%her. 't what hei%ht will the satellite be free from the dra% of theatmosphere?

. What laws of motion %overn the motion of the satellite at this hei%ht?/. efore the second sta%e burns out) the third sta%e be%ins to take over to %ive the satellite

the precise velocity to maintain its orbit in a specific altitude. *he time of orbit of a

satellite depends upon its altitude. What is the time of orbit of a satellite at an altitude of

about 320 km?-. How will a satellite orbit at an altitude of 3/) km?

. Why is the third sta%e the most critical part of the fli%ht?

. What happens to the satellite if the velocity is too small or the an%le is too low?


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. What happens if the velocity is too %reat or the an%le is too hi%h?

10. !o far almost all satellites are placed in an elliptical orbit. What are the peri%ee and

apo%ee of satellites in elliptical orbit?

11. What is the advanta%e of satellites in elliptical orbit?12. Why will a satellite in an elliptical orbit eventually plun%e to its end?

13. Why are satellites important?

1. "ockets and satellites have made space travel possible. However) there are certain

problems associated with space travel) the first of which is the risk involved in the actualfli%ht. *ake a look at this video clip of the 4hallen%er $ncident.

1/. Health and nutrition can be very difficult in space because of unfamiliar conditions) such

as wei%htlessness. Watch this video clip.

1-. What are the other problems associated with space travel?

5. *enerali+ations

How are satellites placed in orbit?

Why are satellites important?

What are the problems associated with space travel?

6. ,valuation

-uestion and Ans'er !est:

1. How does a multi-stage booster rocet wor!

". #hy is the third stage the most crucial and difficult $art of the flight!

%. How does a satellite achieve a circular orbit!

&. #hy does a satellite in an elli$tical orbit have a definite life s$an!

'. #hat is weightlessness!

. numerate the $roblems of s$ace travel.

7. Assign)ent

5repare for a chapter test

08 artificial satellites

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