08. opponents of tsardom

8/3/2019 08. Opponents of Tsardom

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The opponents of Tsardom

Revolutionaries Reformers (liberals)

Populists (Narodniks)Marxists

Peoples Will (1879)

Land and Liberty

SRs (1901)

1905 Revolution

October Manifesto

1st and 2 nd Dumas dominated by Kadets and SRs

Octobrists (1905)

Kadets (1905)

Liberals

Nationalists

SDs (1898)

Bolsheviks Mensheviks

1903 split

- VERY DIVIDED!!


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Your task

Use the information sheets to produce a short briefing on your oppositiongroup. You should include:

Who were they and what did they believe? Did they all believe thesame?

Their history when did they start, finish, notable events Their strengths and weaknesses, successes and failures

Group 1: Populists, Land and Liberty, The Peoples Will Group 2: SRs Group 3: SDs up to 1903 Group 4: Bolsheviks and Mensheviks Group 5: Octobrists Group 6: The Kadets


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What is communism?

In 1847, Karl Marx and Frederick Engels write TheCommunist Manifesto

They proposed that economic development goes through aseries of stages:

PrimitiveCommunism

Feudalism

Capitalism

Socialism

Communism

At the time of writing, Russiawas somewhere aroundhere...


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What is communism?

PrimitiveCommunism

Feudalism

Capitalism

Socialism

Communism

This is how humans first lived together in small tribes

Primitive means not very advancede.g. hunting and gathering

Communism means that everythingwas shared amongst the tribe

No-one owned land. Eventually a groupcomes to power this leads toFeudalism


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What is communism?

PrimitiveCommunism

Feudalism

Capitalism

Socialism

Communism

Under feudalism, a king or emperor orchief becomes the ruler over all thepeople

He gives land and privileges to nobleswho rule the people for him

The people are kept uneducated andtold that god chose the king to rule. The

church helps the king this way

BUT... Whensocietyindustrialisesand thebusiness middleclass (e.g.Factory owners)get richer,

society movestowards...


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What is communism?

PrimitiveCommunism

Feudalism

Capitalism

Socialism

Communism

The business owners orcapitalists get richer while the

workers do all the hard work The capitalists get more power

to serve their own interests

BUT... Capitalismcreates a huge working-

class of people whosoon get angry at theway they are treated.They organise in unionsand demand changes.This leads to revolutionand


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What is communism?

PrimitiveCommunism

Feudalism

Capitalism

Socialism

Communism

Equality and harmony developunder the political guidance ofthe industrial working class

The power of the Capitalistrulers kings, churches,owners is removed

The workers administer thenations resources to share theprofits of their efforts

When these ideasspread and all classconflict ends, wereach a new, idealstate called...


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What is communism?

PrimitiveCommunism

Feudalism

Capitalism

Socialism

Communism

As everyone now works together,war is a thing of the past armies are not needed

Everything is provided by thepeople for the people somoney is no longer needed


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The 1903 Bolshevik-Menshevik split

Bolsheviks

Led by Lenin Wanted revolution rather than

reform overthrowing capitalism,rather than making it better forworkers

1902 What is to be done? CriticisesPlekhanov for seeking broad range ofallies. Advocates a small party ofdedicated, professionalrevolutionaries

Workers cannot be left to themselves.They need to be lead and directedtowards Marxs teachings

Mensheviks

Led by Martov (Lenins co -editor) Shared Plekhanovs view that the

SDs should be a broad-based party open to as many people as possible

The more widely the title of member of the party is spread, the better. Wecan only rejoice if every striker, everydemonstrator is able to declarehimself a party member

What happened?

Second party conference in London, 1903 Lenin instigates vote over membership Loses first vote, then wins Bolshevik = majority / Menshevik =

minority In reality, Mensheviks were larger grouping

Ensure you understand figure 1.6 in the

handout, outlining the policy divisions

08. opponents of tsardom

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