090925 semantics
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Guidelines for Interoperability in Guidelines for Interoperability in TourismTourism
SemanticsSemantics
Wolfram HöpkenWolfram Hö[email protected]
NoFrills Travel & Technology Expo, BergamoNoFrills Travel & Technology Expo, Bergamo25.09.200925.09.2009
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2Wolfram Höpken NoFrills Bergamo 09-09-25
Thematic cycle of harmonisation in tourismThematic cycle of harmonisation in tourism
Core issues
Topics / challenges
Cross-cutting aspects
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3Wolfram Höpken NoFrills Bergamo 09-09-25
Semantics - StandardsSemantics - Standards
BenefitsBenefits Attract and assure customersAttract and assure customers Demonstrate market leadershipDemonstrate market leadership Create competitive advantageCreate competitive advantage Develop and maintain best practiceDevelop and maintain best practice
Stanardisation bodiesStanardisation bodies ANSI (American National Standards Institute); ANSI (American National Standards Institute); ITU (International Telecommunication Union); ITU (International Telecommunication Union); IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); ISO (International Organization for Standards); ISO (International Organization for Standards); VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association) VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association)
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4Wolfram Höpken NoFrills Bergamo 09-09-25
Semantics - StandardsSemantics - Standards
Tourism initiatives and vocabulariesTourism initiatives and vocabularies ANSI ASC X12I TG08ANSI ASC X12I TG08 CEN/TC 329CEN/TC 329 Enjoyeurope Enjoyeurope (MDS – Minimum Data Set)(MDS – Minimum Data Set)
HITIS HITIS (Hospitality Industry Technology Integration Standards) (Hospitality Industry Technology Integration Standards)
IATA IATA (International Air Transport Association)(International Air Transport Association)
omnis-onlineomnis-online OTAOTA (Open Travel Alliance)(Open Travel Alliance)
TIN TIN (Touristische Informations-Norm)(Touristische Informations-Norm)
TTI TTI (Travel Technology Initiative)(Travel Technology Initiative)
UIC 912 UIC 912 (Union Internationale de Chemins de Fer 912 protocol)(Union Internationale de Chemins de Fer 912 protocol)
UN/EDIFACT TT&LUN/EDIFACT TT&L
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5Wolfram Höpken NoFrills Bergamo 09-09-25
Semantics - StandardsSemantics - Standards
Short-term recommendations (1–3 years)Short-term recommendations (1–3 years)
Leverage existing standards rather then developing new Leverage existing standards rather then developing new specifications whenever possiblespecifications whenever possible
Build a “Build a “watchtowerwatchtower” registry of relevant eTourism standards that is ” registry of relevant eTourism standards that is also acting as a coordination body between various formal and also acting as a coordination body between various formal and informal standardization activitiesinformal standardization activities
Build a cooperation between private associations like IATA, OTA, and Build a cooperation between private associations like IATA, OTA, and XFT and formal standardization bodies such as ISO and CENXFT and formal standardization bodies such as ISO and CEN
Long-term recommendations (3–10 years)Long-term recommendations (3–10 years)
Lower the entry barrier for participation in pertinent formal and Lower the entry barrier for participation in pertinent formal and informal standardization bodies especially for SMEs and extend the informal standardization bodies especially for SMEs and extend the scope of those activities to cover their respective requirementsscope of those activities to cover their respective requirements
Work on interoperability approaches between different standardsWork on interoperability approaches between different standards
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6Wolfram Höpken NoFrills Bergamo 09-09-25
Semantics - TaxonomiesSemantics - Taxonomies
TaxonomiesTaxonomies
Conceptual hierarchies, Conceptual hierarchies, classificationsclassifications
Taxonomies are of high importance Taxonomies are of high importance for the tourism domainfor the tourism domain
Precise classification of tourism Precise classification of tourism services (e.g. hotels, events, services (e.g. hotels, events, restaurants) and their characteristics restaurants) and their characteristics (e.g. bed types, room types, seat (e.g. bed types, room types, seat categories, meal types)categories, meal types)
Problem: A multitude of different Problem: A multitude of different taxonomies co-exist in tourismtaxonomies co-exist in tourism
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7Wolfram Höpken NoFrills Bergamo 09-09-25
Semantics - TaxonomiesSemantics - Taxonomies
Short-term recommendations (1–3 years)Short-term recommendations (1–3 years) Follow existing taxonomiesFollow existing taxonomies including established including established
definitions wherever possibledefinitions wherever possible Formulate guidelines for the design of eTourism-related Formulate guidelines for the design of eTourism-related
taxonomiestaxonomies Produce Produce mappingsmappings between eTourism-related between eTourism-related
taxonomiestaxonomies Federate existing eTourism-related taxonomies across Federate existing eTourism-related taxonomies across
languages based on the mappings and offer SKOS languages based on the mappings and offer SKOS interfaces (interfaces (Simple Knowledge Organization SystemSimple Knowledge Organization System))
Long-term recommendations (3–10 years)Long-term recommendations (3–10 years) Build organisational structures for the long-term Build organisational structures for the long-term
establishment of eTourism-related taxonomiesestablishment of eTourism-related taxonomies
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8Wolfram Höpken NoFrills Bergamo 09-09-25
Semantics - OntologiesSemantics - Ontologies
Ontologies as a common understanding of a Ontologies as a common understanding of a domain like tourismdomain like tourism
Tourist
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9Wolfram Höpken NoFrills Bergamo 09-09-25
Semantics - OntologiesSemantics - Ontologies
Ontologies in tourismOntologies in tourism OneOne singlesingle globallyglobally accepted tourism ontology does not accepted tourism ontology does not
exist yetexist yet IFITT RMSIG first broad conceptual reference model IFITT RMSIG first broad conceptual reference model
covering all tourism sub-domainscovering all tourism sub-domains
HarmoNET ontology defined for the sub-domains HarmoNET ontology defined for the sub-domains accommodation, events & activities, sights & attractions, accommodation, events & activities, sights & attractions, food & drinkfood & drink
It is a challenge for one It is a challenge for one singlesingle ontology to cover ontology to cover complete complete heterogeneityheterogeneity of tourism domain of tourism domain
Ontologies are still not Ontologies are still not flexibleflexible and and extensibleextensible enough enough and ontology development is a and ontology development is a time-consumingtime-consuming process process
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10Wolfram Höpken NoFrills Bergamo 09-09-25
Semantics - OntologiesSemantics - Ontologies
Short-term recommendations (1–3 years)Short-term recommendations (1–3 years) Use recognised standard Use recognised standard reference modelsreference models such as the such as the
Harmonise ontology (for tourism purpose) or CIDOC/CRM (for Harmonise ontology (for tourism purpose) or CIDOC/CRM (for cultural heritage data) wherever possible cultural heritage data) wherever possible
Produce guidelines for Produce guidelines for mappingmapping between etourism-related between etourism-related ontologies based on standard reference modelsontologies based on standard reference models
Use established standards such as RDF(S), OWL or the Topic Use established standards such as RDF(S), OWL or the Topic Map Constraint Language to express ontologiesMap Constraint Language to express ontologies
Heighten the awareness of open source, user-friendly tools for Heighten the awareness of open source, user-friendly tools for ontology definition such as Protégéontology definition such as Protégé
Long-term recommendations (3–10 years)Long-term recommendations (3–10 years) Build tools to automatically Build tools to automatically mapmap ontologies ontologies Work on automatic ontology Work on automatic ontology (re)structuring(re)structuring and and populationpopulation