09112006horpgtosoaab

RPG Modernization 1

2006 IBM Corporation

i want stress-free IT.i want control.

i want an i.

IBM System i

Simplify IT

Alison [email protected]

Moving RPG to an SOA Framework; A Step by Step Overview

IBM System i

2006 IBM Corporationi want an i.

Acknowledgements and Disclaimer Acknowledgment:

This presentation is a collaborative effort of many IBM presenters This presentation includes some material from Paul Tuohy of ComCon,

Dublin, Ireland and Susan Gantner of Partner400, Toronto, Canada.

Disclaimer: The information contained in this document has not been submitted to any

formal IBM test and is distributed on an as is basis without any warranty either express or implied. The use of this information or the implementation of any of these techniques is a customer responsibility and depends on the customers' ability to evaluate and integrate them into the customers' operational environment. While each item may have been reviewed by IBM for accuracy in a specific situation, there is no guarantee that the same or similar results will result elsewhere. Customers attempting to adapt these techniques to their own environment do so at their own risk.

Reproduction: This presentation is the property of the IBM Corporation, ComCon and

Partner400. Permission must be obtained PRIOR to making copies of this material for any reason.

RPG Modernization 2

IBM System i


Have difficulty in adapting applications for business changes Functionality within applications is not modularized to support reusability High costs, time consuming and lacks integration across business units Application portfolio misaligned to business strategy Proprietary applications are fragmented and unable to talk to one another Lack enterprise-wide, cross-data sharing capabilities IT resources are tied up with no bandwidth for new projects Uncertainty about the long-term role of the existing portfolio Difficulty linking applications to modern technologies

Why SOA?

Does this sound like applications in your shop?

Does Implementing SOA Help?

IBM System i


The interface is changing.yThe preference is for GUI as opposed to green screen.yIntegration with new architectures requires modular code

The ChoicesyGet new applications.yModernize current applications.

ConsiderationsyProtect investment in current working code.yProtect investment is staff who understand the business application.yProtect investment in staff who understand the code.yReduce the maintenance overhead.

Why Modernize?

Does Implementing SOA Help?

RPG Modernization 3

IBM System i


ALL003A *PGMPrompt Categories

ALL002B *PGMProduct Maintenance

ALL002A *PGMWork with Products

ALL001A *PGMWork with Categories

CATEGOR

ALL004A *PGMList Stock Movement

STOCKMV

PRODUCT

Traditional Programmers View of an Application

IBM System i


Traditional Programmers View of a Program

??

?

?

Display Screen

Display Screen

Display Screen

Display Screen

Display Screen

Start

Read ScreenProcess Result

Process

Access DBProcess

Access DBProcess

Access DBProcess

Access DBProcess

Access DBProcess

Process

Process

Print

Print

Print

Process

Focussed on languageCode snippetsTranslates into opcodes and variables

RPG Modernization 4

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Traditional Programmers View of an Application

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Traditional Business ProcessExample: Order to Cash Process

= business function

MarketingInventory Management

Collections

Marketing Application

Business process is embedded in three separate applications Processes may be repeated in different applications

Business functions are tightly coupled within applications Single tier implementations (DSP, DB, logic etc intertwined in one program)

Business functions have unique and proprietary interfaces, restricting re-use Process difficult to manage and adapt Changes to the process are difficult to implement New processes designed this way require long development cycles

Result: Business cannot operate on demand

Order Mgmt Application Fulfillment Application

Manual Steps

RPG Modernization 5

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Customer

Division

Step 1: Customer Self ServiceOrder entry

Customers now order online using a web browser and the Internet Business partners can order using a web service call from their own process Customers are better served Reduces requirement for additional staff to take more orders

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Step 2: Remove Redundant Code

SharedServices

Customer

Division

MarketingBilling

Receivables

Common business functions are shared across the enterprise Marketing, Billing, and Receivables are handled uniformly Enterprise can scale across divisions and lower costs

RPG Modernization 6

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Step 3: Just in Time Inventory

Supplier

Minimize or eliminate inventory management function Suppliers responsibility to ship when inventory gets low

Costs are reduced because less inventory is needed Inventory servicing is better because of supplier integration with the process

Inventory Management

SharedServices

Customer

Division

IBM System i


Step 4: Examine Viability and Off-Load as Required

Outsourced

Supplier

SharedServices

Customer

Division

Shipping is not a core competency Shipping companies (e.g. FedEx, DHL, UPS) have more capabilities Reduce shipping infrastructure and overhead costs Improve customer satisfaction - shipping/handling costs more accurate, maybe reduced

Shipping

RPG Modernization 7

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Step 5/On-going: Improve the Process

Identify and remove bottlenecks in the process Customize the business rules and policies to better serve customers A more efficient business process costs less Easier integration of new technology

Outsourced

Supplier

SharedServices

Customer

Division

Removebottleneck

Alternative flow path

IBM System i


Modernization of Applications and Data

RPG IV, ILE COBOL or ILE CL

Print

User Interface DB

LogicRPG III, COBOL/400 or CL/400

DB constraints

DB triggers

Stored ProceduresGraphical

InterfaceBrowser Interface

ILE Srvpgm

Java BeanJava Bean1. Move to modern compilers2. Modularize the code using

ILE3. Replace components as

business dictates

RPG Modernization 8

IBM System i




RPG III, COBOL/400 or CL/400

RPG Procedures Local variables Integration with Java Extended names, expanded

limits Ability to work with XML files

COBOL Call to procedures Expanded limits Ability to work with XML files Current language standards

CL New logic control

commands Expanded number of files

supported Variables

1. Move to modern compilers2. Modularize the code using ILE3. Replace components as business

dictates

IBM System i


Conversion to Modern Compilers

CVTRPGSRC RPG III syntax to RPG IV syntax Converts to new specification layout One conditioning indicator per line Arrays converted to D-Specs CODE/400 has the CVTRPGSRC option

Can view converted source prior to saving to the server

COBOL/400 to ILE COBOL Recompile as ILE COBOL

CL to ILE CL Recompile as ILE CL

RPG Modernization 9

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A Word on ConversionCVTRPGSRC only does a syntax conversion

y It will work almost 100%y No logic flow changed

COBOL and CL re-compilesy No logic flow changed

Third party conversion tools offer re-engineering: Redefine data structures' fields by reordering them naturally,

converting from/to positions to actual lengths, and indenting subfields.

Redefine *LIKE DEFN-defined fields in the D-specs. Redefine C-spec-defined fields in the D-specs. Redefine any of the ADD, SUB, MULT, DIV, Z-ADD, Z-SUB, MOVE,

MOVEL, etc. operations as free-form EVAL operations. Convert Operation Codes to their free form equivalent. Perform case conversion to either lower case or mixed case.

Third party and local conversion GREATLY increase the likelihood of testing requirements.Important to understand the tool and its conversion process

IBM System i


Conversion Vendor Tools

The programs have already been converted to RPG IV.Using the RPGWIZ conversion command in the RPG Toolbox from Linoma Software.

Converted to Mixed Case. Converted to Extended Factor 2.

Beware! You may not get the same results. Field definitions moved to D Specs.

Using a local conversion program. Added a copy directive for a standard H SPEC.

H Debug DatEdit(*MDY/) Option(*SrcStmt:*NoDebugIO)

RPG Modernization 10

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After Conversion - The Next Step

Start using BIFs. BIFs offer powerful coding methods. Prepare you for later techniques

Subprocedures writing your own BIFs.

Get rid of conditioning RPG Indicators (left and right) No longer required. Take the opportunity to make indicators self explanatory.

Use Prototyped Calls. Have the compiler validate your parameters. Get rid of parameter lists. Make calls self documenting.

What about Free Form RPG?

IBM System i




Print

User Interface DB


Modular Design Code reuse Improved quality of code

Maintenance Less maintenance repetition Easier to determine location of required changes Compiles are faster?

Distribution of business function Can distribute code as required

1. Move to modern compilers2. Modularize the code using ILE3. Replace components as business dictates


IBM System i

2006 IBM Corporationi want an i. Copyright IBM Corporation, 1999,2001

Integrated Language Environment

OS/400

RPG Pgm

RPG Pgm CL

PgmRPG proc

RPG proc

CL proc

C proc

RPG proc

COBOL proc

JOB

OPMILE

yDynamic or static bindingyOne environment integrates all ILE languages

both traditional and procedure based yEnvironment provides run-time behaviouryOPM still available

IBM System i


Binding: By Copy and By Reference

*MODULE X

PRC X

*MODULE Y

PRC Y

*MODULE Z

PRC P1PRC P2

CALLB B

*SRVPGM S

*MODULE A

CALLPRC P2

RPG CL

Bind by Reference

Bind by Copy

*MODULE B

Multiple Call Entry Points

yBoth are static (bound) callsstatic calls are significantly faster than dynamicyCompletion of reference bind on 1st call to *PGM A

dynamic bind to *SRVPGM Sthen, all bound calls to 'S' are static

*PGM A


IBM System i


Service Programs

CRTSRVPGM...MOD(X Y Z)

CLSourceX

CRTCLMOD

RPGSourceY

CRTRPGMOD

CSource Z

CRTCMOD

PRC P1PRC P2

*MODULE X

PRC X

*MODULE Y

PRC Y

*MODULE X

PRC X

*MODULE Y

PRC Y

*MODULE Z

PRC P1PRC P2

*MODULE Z

y*SRVPGM object typeyA collection of commonly used modules packaged togetheryA kind of "subroutine library"yUses fast static call - static bind by referenceyCannot be called dynamicallyyMultiple entry points

IBM System i


This is the RPG IV name for a User-Defined Procedure or BIFSubprocedures can:yDefine their own local variables

This provides for "safer" development since only the code associated with the variable can change its content

yAccess Global variablesThose defined in the main body of the sourceThis includes access to any files defined in the programyBe called recursively

The Compilation Unit can have any number of subproceduresyEach must have its own prototype

By "Compilation Unit" we mean those source lines processed by the compiler in a single compilationyThis includes any /COPY members

RPG IV Subprocedures


IBM System i


Taking Inventory

Impact Analysis Structure Charts Data Flows Data Modelling Pseudo Code Word & Visio Export Business Rules Drill-down Inquiry

REDP4046 - Modernizing and Improving the Maintainability of RPG Applications Using X-Analysis Version 5.6

IBM System i




Print

User Interface DB


Graphical Interface

Browser Interface

ReFacing Translation of data streamRe-direction Alternate interface with re-

direct interceptCrafting of new CGI-bin Java JSP, JSP, rich client


User interface Web GUI, Rich client


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CGI-Binprograms

CGI - Bin Programs

Web browser

HTML &imagesHTTP

server

Open connection, send request w/ parms

Send page with parms, close connection

yOriginal way to create interactive HTML pagesyCan get input from many sources:yURL and data entered on an HTML are supplied as environment variables.yDB2/400, other programs, etc.

yCan be written in any of many languages including RPG !yMore proprietary, not as scalable

C, CL, RPG, COBOL, Java,

REXXDB2/400

IFSQSYS.LIB SQL

TCP/IPNet.Data

Macros

IBM System i


Re-Direction of User Interface

DataBuffer

DataBuffer

enter customer number:_____

Time:8:05 date:Oct 22,2000

Enter

TraditionalModel

5250 screens

Business Logic

DB Logic

User InterfaceLogic

*PGM

Browser

WebModel

DisplayFile (DSPF)

DDS

Graphical Objects

Server ?

Conversion done during development


IBM System i


Telnet Converter Architecture

Java Components

DataBuffer

enter customer number:_____

Time:8:05 date:Oct 22,2000

Enter

5250 screens

Business Logic

DB Logic

User InterfaceLogic

*PGM

Browser

Display File Objects

Development Tool

Application Server ?

Transformation Engine

IBM System i


Java Applets

Web browser,Java virtual

machine

HTML &images,Applets

Open connection,request page (URL)

Send page, close connection

HTTP / TCP communications

yHTML page requests a Java appletyMost recent version of the applet is downloaded from server it's if not already localyJava applet can now do anything, including interacting with the server (IBM Java Toolbox)

HTTPserver


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Rich Client

HTTPserver

HTTP / TCP communications

Server ApplicationCommunication codeBusiness logicData AccessPrinting

Desktop ClientGUICommunication codeBusiness logic

Application Server ?

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Print

User Interface DB


DB constraints

DB triggers



SQL Data Definition Data Manipulation

Advanced Functions Referential Integrity Triggers Stored Procedures Check Constraints Remote Database Access


User interface Web GUI, Rich client Database


IBM System i


What is Referential Integrity?

yA capability provided by the database management system to ensurelogical consistency of data values between filesvalidity of data relationshipsrobust enforcement of integrity constraints

4711

47114711

Parent file

Dependent file

Customer file

Invoices

Constraints

Enforce constraint

DB2 UDB for System i

Delete request

Delete denied

IBM System i


DATA FILTERDATA FILTER(Business Rules)(Business Rules)

NEW DATA

Valid DataNew Row

RANGE CHECKING... BETWEEN 0 AND 100

FIELD COMPARISONS... ORDER < INVENTORY

DOMAIN VALIDATION... IN (IA,NY,CA)

Check ConstraintsWhat are they?


IBM System i


Triggers: An Example

5436

DB2 UDB for System i

4711

4711

SENDFAX program

yWhen a new order is inserted, a trigger is firedyTrigger retrieves information about order and customeryA confirmation fax is automatically sent

IBM System i




Print

User Interface DB


DB constraints

DB triggers

Stored Procedures

Graphical Interface

Browser Interface

ILE Srvpgm

Java Bean

Integration with Java JNI Java toolbox

Integration with ILE modules CALLP CALLB APIs


User interface Web GUI, Rich client Database Business Logic

Local components


IBM System i


Integration of Business Logic

WMQIBM Toolbox for JavaJava sockets code

Program Call Tightly coupled Fixed max length input/output

parameters Easy to implement

Messaging Loosely coupled Unknown length parameters Flexibility Cross Program/ Cross Application

Pgm / Srv Pgm

Call

Socket / Queue

Router

User interface

code

Stored ProceduresJDBC

Pgm / Srv Pgm

Pgm / Srv Pgm

System i5 Applications

IBM System i


Implement- Leverage / Wrapper interfaces

Web Services Business functions available over a

network Java Message Service (JMS)

Standard way for Java to write to messaging products

J2EE Connector Architecture (JCA) J2EE standard for connecting to legacy

WebSphere Business Integration (WBI)

Pgm / Srv Pgm

Call

Socket / Queue

Router

User interface

code

System i5 Applications

Stored ProceduresJDBC

Pgm / Srv Pgm

Pgm / Srv Pgm

WMQIBM Toolbox for JavaJava sockets code


IBM System i




Print

User Interface DB


DB constraints

DB triggers



Java Bean

Web Services Java RPG, COBOL Other

XML Transfer of data

Transaction Processing


User interface Web GUI, Rich client Database Business Logic

Local components Remote components

ILE Srvpgm

Java Bean

IBM System i


Integration of Applications

Web Services Other XML Other Solutions

Solutions:

Integrating software applications across multiple operating systems, programming languages, and hardware platforms is Difficult Not something that can be solved by any one particular proprietary environment

Traditionally, the problem has been one of tight-coupling One application that calls a remote network is tied strongly to it by the function call it

makes and the parameters it requests Fixed interface to access remote programs or data, with little flexibility or adaptability

to changing environments or needs Web services technology allows applications to communicate in a platform, and

programming language independent manner

Problem:


IBM System i


What are Web Services?

Web services are self-contained software components, with a well-defined interface

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a standardized language usedfor interface description

Web services use protocols based on XML to describe operations that can be executed data that can be exchanged with other programs or web

services

IBM System i


Overview With System i

BusinessLogic

Component(RPG orCOBOL)

Web Service Wrapper(generated code)

Clientapplication /

B2B app

Web Service Client Proxy(generated code)

TCP/IP Network

SOAP over HTTP

Java wrapper for RPG / COBOL program(generated from Program Call Wizard)

Business logicdoes not know it is begin invoked as a Web service

Client logic simply invokes the proxy

and does not know the Web

service is remote

WAS


IBM System i


RPG Calling Web Services

Some Webservice

ThinJava

wrapper

TCP/IP Network

SOAP over HTTP

Thin Java wrapper to read request from data queue, invoke the client proxy, and write results

back to the data queue

RPG/COBOLprogram

WASThin Java

WrapperD

ataQ

RPG program writes request and

input data for Web service on to

the data queue and reads the results

Web Service Client Proxy(generated code)

IBM System i


SOA in a Box??

Linux

Firewall

Apache HTTP Server

C++ Order Fulfillment

System (Fulfill order)

POWER HypervisorPOWER Hypervisor

RPG Order Entry

System (Take order

via Web)

Visual Basic Order

Acknowledgement System(acknowledge

order)MQ FulfillWBI Acknowledge

MQ Confirm

e-mail customer

MQ GL entries

WarehouseOrder

ProcessingCustomer Service

HQ Accounting

WebSphere Commerce

WBI Order Forward

Commerce


IBM System i


Summary


Print

User Interface DB


DB constraints

DB triggers



ILE Srvpgm

Java BeanJava Bean1. Move to modern compilers2. Modularize the code using ILE3. Replace components as

business dictates

IBM System i


Trademarks & Disclaimers8 IBM Corporation 1994-2005. All rights reserved.References in this document to IBM products or services do not imply that IBM intends to make them available in every country.The following terms are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both:

Lotus, Freelance Graphics, and Word Pro are registered trademarks of Lotus Development Corporation and/or IBM Corporation.Domino is a trademark of Lotus Development Corporation and/or IBM Corporation.

C-bus is a trademark of Corollary, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both. Java and all Java-based trademarks are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both. Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, and the Windows logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. ActionMedia, LANDesk, MMX, Pentium and ProShare are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries.SET and the SET Logo are trademarks owned by SET Secure Electronic Transaction LLC. Other company, product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.

Information is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind.

All customer examples described are presented as illustrations of how those customers have used IBM products and the results they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics may vary by customer.

Information in this presentation concerning non-IBM products was obtained from a supplier of these products, published announcement material, or other publicly available sources and does not constitute an endorsement of such products by IBM. Sources for non-IBM list prices and performance numbers are taken from publicly available information, including vendor announcements and vendor worldwide homepages. IBM has not tested these products and cannot confirm the accuracy of performance, capability, or any other claims related to non-IBM products. Questions on the capability of non-IBM products should be addressed to the supplier of those products.

All statements regarding IBM future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only. Contact your local IBM office or IBM authorized reseller for the full text of the specific Statement of Direction.

Some information in this presentation addresses anticipated future capabilities. Such information is not intended as a definitive statement of a commitment to specific levels of performance, function or delivery schedules with respect to any future products. Such commitments are only made in IBM product announcements. The information is presented here to communicate IBM's current investment and development activities as a good faith effort to help with our customers' future planning.

Performance is based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput or performance that any user will experience will vary depending upon considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user's job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve throughput or performance improvements equivalent to the ratios stated here.

Photographs shown are of engineering prototypes. Changes may be incorporated in production models.

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