1-1 copyright oracle corporation, 2002. all rights reserved

Thomas KyteVice President, Core [email protected] Corporation http://asktom.oracle.com

Oracle9i


Key Development Focus Areas - the ilities - for Oracle9i

AvailabilityAvailability

Scalability Scalability

SecurabliltySecurablilty

DeployabilityDeployability

ManageabilityManageability


Availability

● Protection from Catastrophic Failures

● Online Data Evolution

● Precision Database Repair

● Self-Service Error Correction

Achieving Continuous Data Availability


Oracle9i Data Guard

Production


Oracle9i Data Guard

Production

PhysicalStandby

Delayed andDelayed andZero Loss ModesZero Loss Modes


Oracle9i Data Guard

Production

Logical Standby

AdditionalIndexes, Mvs

DecisionSupportUsers

PhysicalStandby



Oracle9i Data Guard

Production

Logical Standby

AdditionalIndexes, Mvs

DecisionSupportUsers

Graceful Switchover Graceful Switchover and Switchbackand Switchback

PhysicalStandby



Online Data Evolution

● Online Table Re-definition

● Online creation of secondary indexes on Index-Organized Tables

● Rapid Quiesce


Precision Database RepairWhen Good Blocks Go Bad...

● Minimize impact of repairs on end users

● Block Level Media Recovery

● Resumable Backup and Restore

● Non-Disruptive Cluster Reconfiguration

● Trial Recovery● Offline Diagnostics● Scavenge Changes from

Damaged Logs


Self-Service Error Correction

● Empower app developers to correct their own mistake

● To correct errors, users need to:● Identify & Back Out Errors

● Flashback Query● Query the database at a time of

your choosing in the past

Oracle InventsTime Machine


Self-Service Error Correction

● Empower app developers to correct their own mistake

● To correct errors, users need to:● Identify & Back Out Errors

● Flashback Query● Query the database at a time of

your choosing in the past

Oracle InventsTime Machine

QUIC

K DEMO

flashback.sql


Scalability and Performance

● Increased transaction throughput on Oracle9i Real Application Clusters

● Fine grained, automatic resource management

● Optimize features critical for eBusinessSupport millions of

Internet Users


Oracle9i Real Application Clusters- Linear Scalability

Shared Cache ArchitectureShared Cache Architectureusing Cache Fusionusing Cache Fusion

● Full Cache Fusion Implementation● works for read/read, read/write, write/write contention

● Any application can scale in a cluster ● Applications do not have to be cluster aware

● Linear Scalability--more nodes, more throughput


Real Applications Clusters - Cache Fusion

Server Node2

RAM

Disk ArrayDisk Array

inter

connect

RAM

Server Node1



Server Node2

RAM


inter

connect

RAM

Server Node1

1. User One Queries Data



Server Node2

RAM


inter

connect

RAM

Server Node1


2. User 2 queries same data via interconnect, no disk IO



Server Node2

RAM


inter

connect

RAM

Server Node1


2. User 2 queries same data via interconnect, no disk IO3. User 1 updates a row of data and commits



Server Node2

RAM


inter

connect

RAM

Server Node1


2. User 2 queries same data via interconnect, no disk IO3. User 1 updates a row of data and commits

4. User 2 wants to updatesame block of data - cachecoherency kicks in


Real Applications Clusters - Scalable

Server Node2

RAM


inter

connect

RAM

Server Node1


Real Applications Clusters - Scalable & Available...

Server Node2

RAM


inter

connect

RAM

Server Node1

Server NodeN

RAMServer Node5

RAMServer Node4

RAMinter

connect

Server Node3

RAM


Real Applications Clusters - Available

Server Node2

RAM


inter

connect

RAM

Server Node1

Server NodeN

RAMServer Node5

RAMServer Node4

RAMinter

connect

Server Node3

RAM


Fine Grained, Automatic Resource Management

● Maximum active sessions control

● Query execution time estimation

● Undo pool quotas for consumer groups

● Automatic consumer group switching

Web basedOrder Entry

Shipping

Billing

OLTP updates and large queries:High priority

OLTP updates and small queries:Medium Priority

Overnight updates and queries:High Priority but Overnight

Optimized features

● Core performance improvements

● PL/SQL optimization and native compilation

● IO and CPU costs in the cost based optimizer

● Table Level Compression● In addition to Index

compression already in 8i

UncompressedUncompressed

<symbol table: <A>= 650-506-7000, =650-506-7001, <C>=650-123-4567>

<rowid> <A> 650-123-4567

<rowid> <A> <rowid> <A> 650-456-7890<rowid> <A> 650-098-7654<rowid> <A> <C><rowid> <C><rowid> <C>…

UncompressedUncompressed<rowid> 650-506-7000 650-123-

4567 <rowid> 650-506-7000 650-506-

7001<rowid> 650-506-7000 650-456-

7890<rowid> 650-506-7000 650-098-

7654<rowid> 650-506-7000 650-123-

4567<rowid> 650-506-7001 650-123-

4567<rowid> 650-506-7001 650-123-

4567…

Uncompressed

Compressed

Optimized features

● Core performance improvements

● PL/SQL optimization and native compilation

● IO and CPU costs in the cost based optimizer

● Table Level Compression● In addition to Index

compression already in 8i

UncompressedUncompressed

<symbol table: <A>= 650-506-7000, =650-506-7001, <C>=650-123-4567>

<rowid> <A> 650-123-4567

<rowid> <A> <rowid> <A> 650-456-7890<rowid> <A> 650-098-7654<rowid> <A> <C><rowid> <C><rowid> <C>…

UncompressedUncompressed<rowid> 650-506-7000 650-123-

4567 <rowid> 650-506-7000 650-506-

7001<rowid> 650-506-7000 650-456-

7890<rowid> 650-506-7000 650-098-

7654<rowid> 650-506-7000 650-123-

4567<rowid> 650-506-7001 650-123-

4567<rowid> 650-506-7001 650-123-

4567…

Uncompressed

CompressedQUIC

K DEMO

compressed.sql


Scalability, performance, and manageability

MaterializedMaterializedViewViewEnhancementsEnhancements

● Multi-tier MV’s (mv’s of mv’s)Multi-tier MV’s (mv’s of mv’s)● More fast refreshesMore fast refreshes● More query rewriteMore query rewriteBitmapBitmap

JoinJoinIndexesIndexes

ListListPartitioningPartitioning

create bitmap index emp_bm_idxon emp( d.dname )from emp e, dept dwhere e.deptno = d.deptno


Security

● Virtual Private Database

● Fine Grained Auditing● with the see what they saw function

● 9iR2 New Stuff

Support End-to-End Security Infrastructure for Millions of Users


Deep Data Protection:Virtual Private Database

Application C

Application A

Application B

Policy A

Policy C

Default Policy

OEM PolicyManager Tool

Deep Data Protection:Fine Grained Auditing

Audit TrailWho: userWhat: select ename, sal from emp where sal < :n; :n = 5000Where: terminal xxxWhen: SCN 1234

Select ename, hiredate from emp;

Select ename, sal from emp where sal < :n;(n = 1000)

Select ename, sal from emp where sal < :n;(n = 5000)

See what they saw...


Other 9iR2 New Stuff

● Username/Password on the CREATE DATABASE for sys/system

● Default Accounts are locked and expired upon installation

● DBA’s can GRANT/REVOKE on anothers objects

● Audit SYS and SYSDBA operations● Oracle Label Security

● Provides out-of-the-box VPD● Supports "releasability”

● Encryption● DBMS_OBFUSCATION_TOOLKIT● AES support in ASO


Development Platform

● XML Support● SQL and PL/SQL improvements

● Development Tools● 9iFS

Create the most complete platform for developing eBusiness applications


Oracle9i XMLDB

Relational TablesRelational Tables

Native XMLNative XML

Character LOBsCharacter LOBs

XML RepositoryXML RepositoryXML Schema ProcessorXML Schema Processor

DTD ProcessorDTD Processor

DOM/SAX ParsingDOM/SAX ParsingXSLT TransformationsXSLT Transformations

XSQL ServletXSQL ServletXML Java Beans/XML Java Beans/Class GeneratorsClass Generators

XML Generation/XML Generation/ConsumptionConsumption

ORACLE9i DatabaseORACLE9i Database

FTPFTP

HTTPHTTP

WebDAVWebDAV

SQL over NetSQL over NetServicesServices


SQL and PL/SQL improvements

● Objects● Inheritance● Type evolution● Dynamic method

dispatch

● Timestamps/ Intervals/ Timezones

● Tight LOB integration● ANSI requirements

● CASE statement● ANSI compliant joins● Reserved name

versioning● Scrolling cursors

● Insert/Update from PL/SQL Record

● Associative Arrays● User Defined

Constructors● UTL_FILE does more● Tons of new XML

functions● Create Synonyms for

Object Types● XML Views


Oracle9i Release 2 Application Development Improvements

● Debug PL/SQL & Java in server via standard API

● Java improvements● JDK 1.3 compliance● JDBC and SQLJ functional,

performance enhancements

● Functional, performance enhancements for PL/SQL, C and C++ developers

● Note: Use Java in the database for triggers, stored procedures; not for servlets, JSPs, Beans


Oracle Files -- Content Sharing & Collaboration

● Web interface to 9iFS for document collaboration

● Supports HTML, WebDAV, Windows file system, FTP

● Sync to upload/download files from/to PC

● Self service administration(security, groups, quotas)

● Consolidate file servers to database for lower cost

● At Oracle● 31,000+ internal Oracle users

● 3,000,000+ documents

● 1 TB storage used

● 1,000 concurrent users typical


Manageability

● Make the database self managing

● Streamline and improve the operational management

● Provide tools and techniques that simplify and reduce the task time required

● Steams for Manageability ● Replication● Standby● And more

Keep the number of DBA’s constant as we scale to Internet Use


Make the database self-managing

● Automatic Undo Management● database itself will manage undo segments - undo

block contention, consistent read, space utilization

● Oracle Managed Files● database itself manages the creation and deletion of

files

● Self-Tuning of Private Memory Allocation● Advice Driven Dynamic resizing of buffer cache,

shared poolBufferCache

SharedPool

PrivateMemory


Streamline and improve operational management

● Persistent INIT.ORA (spfile)● Automated BACKUP of

configuration files● Resumable Space

Allocation Statements● Multiple Block Size Support● Restartable backups and

restores

Cool !


Intelligent, Unified, Time-Ordered

Information Stream

Oracle StreamsEliminates Complexity

UpdateableUpdateableReplicasReplicas

Data MartsData Martsand Dataand Data

Warehouses Warehouses

MessagingMessagingApplicationsApplications

StandbyStandbyDatabasesDatabases

DataDataChangesChanges

DatabaseDatabaseEventsEvents

DataDataFeedsFeeds

ApplicationApplication MessagesMessages

Publish/Subscribe

Propagation

Directed& Subset

InformationStreams

AutomaticCapture

In-streamTransforms


&Q U E S T I O N SQ U E S T I O N S

A N S W E R SA N S W E R S

http://asktom.oracle.com/~tkyte/9iSeminar

1-1 copyright oracle corporation, 2002. all rights reserved

Documents

server node1 ram ram

server node3 ram

disk io

row of data

block of data

cluster applications

large queries

small queries