11

22

33

EuropeanEuropeans come to s come to the New the New WorldWorld

EuropeanEuropeans come to s come to the New the New WorldWorld

44

To better understand the To better understand the reasons for European reasons for European

exploration, think back to exploration, think back to sixth grade social studies sixth grade social studies when you learned aboutwhen you learned about

55

cultural connection cultural connection people have with one people have with one

anotheranother

pride and pride and devotion to your devotion to your

countrycountry

66

Remember that extreme Remember that extreme nationalism can lead tonationalism can lead to

And all of this can effect And all of this can effect thethe

77

A spirit A spirit ofof

wawassbrewing throughout Europe brewing throughout Europe

in the 1400’s, 1500’s, in the 1400’s, 1500’s, 1600’s,….1600’s,….

and continues today.and continues today.

88

One way they could One way they could show their strength show their strength

was towas to

99

The “Big Three” The “Big Three” countries in Europe who countries in Europe who were competing for land were competing for land

werewere

1010

AllAll three countries three countries explored for the same explored for the same

reasons---reasons---

““The Three G’s”The Three G’s”

1111

At this time, explorers At this time, explorers were searching forwere searching for

1212

And once they began And once they began to explore the New to explore the New World, they thought World, they thought

they would find lots of they would find lots of gold.gold.

1313

NationalismNationalism and desire for and desire for gold caused the people to gold caused the people to

wantwant

for their for their homeland.homeland.

1414

The third reason The third reason they explored they explored was to spread was to spread their religion.their religion.

1515

So remember...“The Three So remember...“The Three G’s”G’s”

1616

1717

From 1492-1519, Spain focuses on From 1492-1519, Spain focuses on establishing colonies in the Indies.establishing colonies in the Indies.

Spaniards on expeditions heard Spaniards on expeditions heard there were great civilizations in the there were great civilizations in the interior, which included great interior, which included great wealth.wealth.

Explorers looking for wealth were Explorers looking for wealth were known as known as conquistadorsconquistadors..

1818

1919

Europe Eyes the Europe Eyes the AmericasAmericas

Christopher Columbus lived during a Christopher Columbus lived during a time when Spain was at war and time when Spain was at war and many people were in poverty.many people were in poverty.

Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand paid for Columbus to go on an paid for Columbus to go on an expedition to find a new passage to expedition to find a new passage to China.China.•Expedition: a journey undertaken by a group of

people

with a definite purpose

2020

King Ferdinand of Spain and Queen Isabella

Christopher Columbus

2121

““In 1492 COLUMBUS In 1492 COLUMBUS Sailed the Ocean Blue”Sailed the Ocean Blue”Columbus quickly learned the earth was Columbus quickly learned the earth was

round. He thought he could sail to Asia round. He thought he could sail to Asia westward faster and easier than traveling westward faster and easier than traveling eastward.eastward.

He could then establish profitable routes He could then establish profitable routes to Asia. (He could trade along the way.)to Asia. (He could trade along the way.)

Queen Isabella thought this would be a Queen Isabella thought this would be a great idea because it would establish great idea because it would establish trade with Asia ($) and would help spread trade with Asia ($) and would help spread the Catholic faith.the Catholic faith.

2222

•Columbus sighted land and thought it was the Indies.

•He got off the boat and named (and called) the friendly people indios.

•He wasn’t in the Indies…He was in the Bahamas!

•He continued to sail on to find the riches he had promised the Spanish monarch. (He was also going to get to keep a portion of these riches for himself.)

2323

On his voyages, On his voyages, Columbus established the Columbus established the first permanent colony on first permanent colony on Hispaniola (named Santo Hispaniola (named Santo Domingo).Domingo).

Columbus did not find Columbus did not find gold or the new passage gold or the new passage to China, but his voyages to China, but his voyages did inspire others to seek did inspire others to seek their fortunes in America.their fortunes in America.

2424

Columbus…not such a nice guyColumbus…not such a nice guyQueen Isabella and King Queen Isabella and King

Ferdinand got word that Ferdinand got word that Columbus and others had Columbus and others had enslaved, tortured, and killed enslaved, tortured, and killed thousands of native Taino thousands of native Taino people in the Caribbean. people in the Caribbean.

This angered the monarchs This angered the monarchs and made them withdraw and made them withdraw their support for further their support for further explorations by Columbus.explorations by Columbus.

2525

Did Columbus really discover Did Columbus really discover America?America?

According to the Europeans, According to the Europeans, the answer is YES. the answer is YES.

Weren’t the Indians already occupying parts of America,

including our focus….TEXAS?

2626

COLUMBUS’S FOUR VOYAGESCOLUMBUS’S FOUR VOYAGES

2727

Columbus Finds LandColumbus Finds Land

2828

2929

Hernan CortesHernan CortesCortes was a Spanish Cortes was a Spanish

conquistadorconquistador. . Conquistadores were soldiers Conquistadores were soldiers

and adventurers searching The and adventurers searching The 3 G’s3 G’s

Cortes left Cuba in 1519, with Cortes left Cuba in 1519, with the goal of conquering the the goal of conquering the Aztec Empire.Aztec Empire.

3030

The AztecsThe AztecsThe Aztecs were the The Aztecs were the

most powerful Indian most powerful Indian culture in all of Central culture in all of Central America.America.

They were fierce They were fierce warriors who warriors who worshipped the sun worshipped the sun and performed human and performed human sacrifices.sacrifices.

3131

Montezuma IIMontezuma II

Montezuma was Montezuma was the leader of the the leader of the Aztecs. Aztecs.

He ruled an He ruled an empire that empire that covered over covered over 200,000 square 200,000 square miles.miles.

3232

Cortes Conquers the Cortes Conquers the AztecsAztecs

Cortes sailed from Spanish Cortes sailed from Spanish Cuba to the eastern coast of Cuba to the eastern coast of what is now Mexico.what is now Mexico.

Cortes and his 200 men, Cortes and his 200 men, defeated an Aztec army of defeated an Aztec army of over 100,000.over 100,000.

They captured the Aztec city They captured the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan, and built of Tenochtitlan, and built present day Mexico City on present day Mexico City on top of it.top of it.

This increased the wealth This increased the wealth and power of Spain, greatly and power of Spain, greatly expanded its American expanded its American empire and led to the empire and led to the founding of New Spain.founding of New Spain.

3333

IMPORTANT 1519 EVENT IMPORTANT 1519 EVENT AND THE CONSEQUENCESAND THE CONSEQUENCES

Hernan CortesHernan Cortes, a Spanish explorer, , a Spanish explorer, conquered the Aztec empireconquered the Aztec empire

Wealth and power of Spain increasedWealth and power of Spain increasedExpanded the size of the Spanish Expanded the size of the Spanish

empireempireLed to the founding of Led to the founding of New SpainNew SpainMexico became a base of Spanish Mexico became a base of Spanish

explorationexploration

3434

1519Cortés and his army sail to what is now Mexico.

Short-Term Effects Long-Term Effects• increased Spain’s power• established Mexico as a base

from which Spain could launch explorations

• expanded Spain’s American empire, which covered muchof North and South Americaby 1600

• conquered the Aztec Empire• killed or enslaved many Aztec• gained Spain the Aztec’s

wealth and land• built Mexico City on top of the

ruins of Tenochtitlán, which became the capital of New Spain

• increased the empire and wealth of Spain

3535

Following Columbus’s lead, Following Columbus’s lead, Spain established colonies in Spain established colonies in the Caribbean and Mexico. the Caribbean and Mexico. Reports of riches drew the Reports of riches drew the explorers north to Texas explorers north to Texas where they established a where they established a successful mission.successful mission.

3636

3737

Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda and Hernan Cortesand Hernan Cortes

Pineda’s mission was to map the Pineda’s mission was to map the coastline of the Gulf of Mexico and coastline of the Gulf of Mexico and establish a Spanish colony. He was establish a Spanish colony. He was first to discover the Texas coastlinefirst to discover the Texas coastline. .

•Cortez, who was sent to find a city of gold, cut Pineda’s journey short. He saw Pineda as a threat to his journey, so he arrested some of Pineda’s men!

3838

IMPORTANCE OF PINEDA’S IMPORTANCE OF PINEDA’S VOYAGE TO TEXASVOYAGE TO TEXAS

First known European to see and First known European to see and map the Texas coastmap the Texas coast

Established a settlement near Established a settlement near present day Mexican city Tampicopresent day Mexican city Tampico

Never landed in TexasNever landed in TexasLed to further Spanish exploration of Led to further Spanish exploration of

TexasTexas

3939

begins his conquest

of the Aztec

Empire.

explores the Gulf of

Mexico and maps

part of it.

1519Spanish explorerHernan Cortés

1519Spanish explorerAlonso Álvarez de

Pineda

1519Spanish explorer

Ferdinand Magellan

begins the first

round-the-world

Voyage.

15191519

4040

4141

EXPERIENCES OF EXPERIENCES OF NarvaezNarvaez

Set out in 1527 for SpainSet out in 1527 for SpainExplored Tampa, FloridaExplored Tampa, FloridaLeft his crew when they did not Left his crew when they did not

returnreturn

4242

The Narvaez ExpeditionThe Narvaez ExpeditionIn 1526 Panfilo de Narvaez was granted the In 1526 Panfilo de Narvaez was granted the

land of Florida by the king of Spain.land of Florida by the king of Spain.His expedition traveled up the western His expedition traveled up the western

coast of Florida. He then built rafts to sail coast of Florida. He then built rafts to sail to Mexico.to Mexico.

A hurricane in 1528 drowned many of the A hurricane in 1528 drowned many of the men at sea, including Narvaezmen at sea, including Narvaez..

4343

The Narvaez ExpeditionThe Narvaez Expedition

•Out of the 400 men and 82 horses that Narvaez started with on his expedition, only 80 or so survived the hurricane.

•They arrived at Galveston Bay.

•They were the first known Europeans to set foot in the present-day Texas.

4444

THE ENDING OF THE THE ENDING OF THE NARVAEZ EXPEDITIONNARVAEZ EXPEDITION

Shipwrecked along the Texas CoastShipwrecked along the Texas CoastSuffered from hunger and American Suffered from hunger and American

Indian attacksIndian attacksBecame stranded and ate horses to Became stranded and ate horses to

survivesurviveCaptured and enslaved by the Captured and enslaved by the

Karankawa Indians or diedKarankawa Indians or died

4545

4646

What HappensWhat Happens400 men started out from Florida to 400 men started out from Florida to

MexicoMexicoThey thought this would be a short They thought this would be a short trip.trip.

They had only enough food for They had only enough food for everyone to have ½ handful of maizeeveryone to have ½ handful of maize

There was a hurricane!There was a hurricane!They never made it to Mexico, instead They never made it to Mexico, instead

they (80) ended up in Texas they (80) ended up in Texas (Galveston Bay).(Galveston Bay).

4747

They were cold, naked, starving, They were cold, naked, starving, and had no food, shelter, or and had no food, shelter, or clothing.clothing.

They met up with the Karankawa They met up with the Karankawa Indians who gave them fish, Indians who gave them fish, roots, and walnuts.roots, and walnuts.When they received no more When they received no more food from the Indians, they ate food from the Indians, they ate their shipmates that had died.their shipmates that had died.

4848

THE LONE SURVIVORSTHE LONE SURVIVORSOnly 4 survived (out of 400)!Only 4 survived (out of 400)!

Cabeza de Vaca and Cabeza de Vaca and EstevanicoEstevanicoFirst Europeans to explore First Europeans to explore the interior of Texasthe interior of Texas

4949

EXPERIENCES OF EXPERIENCES OF CABEZA DE VACACABEZA DE VACA

Survivor of the failed Nararez expeditionSurvivor of the failed Nararez expeditionExplored Tampa, Florida and Galveston, Explored Tampa, Florida and Galveston,

TexasTexasTaken in by the Kawakawas IndiansTaken in by the Kawakawas IndiansEscaped and traveled among Indian villagesEscaped and traveled among Indian villagesWorked as a healer, trader, and servantWorked as a healer, trader, and servantgained Indians’ respectgained Indians’ respectFirst European to Explore the Texas interiorFirst European to Explore the Texas interior

5050

Cabeza de VacaCabeza de VacaHe also wrote He also wrote

about his life with about his life with the Native the Native Americans in a Americans in a work of literature work of literature called called La La relacionrelacion..

This was the first This was the first written work of written work of Texas literature.Texas literature.

5151

Cabeza de VacaCabeza de VacaThe survivors from the 1528 hurricane The survivors from the 1528 hurricane

beached at Galveston Bay and were beached at Galveston Bay and were helped by Karankawas.helped by Karankawas.

Six years later only four men were Six years later only four men were alive, two of which were Cabeza de alive, two of which were Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico..Vaca and Estevanico..

He and his men became the first He and his men became the first Europeans to see the interior of Texas.Europeans to see the interior of Texas.

5252

5353

EXPERIENCES OF EXPERIENCES OF DesotoDesoto

Set out in 1539 for SpainSet out in 1539 for SpainExplored the Florida coast and Explored the Florida coast and

South Eastern US until 1542South Eastern US until 1542Died of FeverDied of Fever

5454

Coronado’s expedition did not find the Coronado’s expedition did not find the Seven Cities of Cibola, so Spain sent Seven Cities of Cibola, so Spain sent another expedition in search of gold.another expedition in search of gold.

Hernando de Soto’s expedition also Hernando de Soto’s expedition also did not find any gold, but they did not find any gold, but they explored east Texas. They were also explored east Texas. They were also the first exploration into the interior of the first exploration into the interior of North America.North America.

5555

•De Soto explored present-day Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Arkansas.

•When he and his expedition reached the Mississippi River, they were discouraged and running out of supplies. They turned back home.

•De Soto never made it back home. He died of an illness. His successor, Luis de Moscoso de Alvarado set out to find an overland route back to Mexico.

5656

5757

THE CORONADO THE CORONADO EXPEDITIONEXPEDITION

Set out in 1540 for SpainSet out in 1540 for SpainCrossed the Texas Panhandle and the Crossed the Texas Panhandle and the

Llano EstacadoLlano EstacadoWas looking for Cibola and Quivira – Was looking for Cibola and Quivira –

cities of goldcities of goldLearned there was no gold; only Pueblo Learned there was no gold; only Pueblo

villagesvillagesSaw American buffaloSaw American buffalo

5858

RESULTS OF THE RESULTS OF THE CORONADO AND DE SOTO CORONADO AND DE SOTO

EXPEDITIONSEXPEDITIONSMet the Texas Indians but did not find Met the Texas Indians but did not find

goldgoldCoronadoCoronado – explored the American – explored the American

Southwest and encountered IndiansSouthwest and encountered IndiansDeSotoDeSoto – explored the American – explored the American

Southwest; encountered the Caddo Southwest; encountered the Caddo IndiansIndians

5959

Fray Marcos& Estevanico(1539)

Coronado(1540)

De Soto–Moscoso(1539)

find seven lostcities of gold

conquer Cibola;gain its treasure

conquer Cibola;gain its treasure

Expedition Goals Results

Estevanico—reached a Zunivillage and was killed; FrayMarcos—saw village from afar and reported it was filled with gold and treasure

conquered Zuni village; crossed Texas Panhandle in search of Quivira; did not find any gold or treasure

explored what is now the south-eastern United States and East Texas; sailed to Mexico; did not find any gold or treasure

6060

Francisco Vasquez de CoronadoFrancisco Vasquez de Coronado

Coronado was commissioned to find Coronado was commissioned to find the legendary Seven Cities of Cibola. the legendary Seven Cities of Cibola. They were believed to have They were believed to have GOLDGOLD..

Coronado and his men became the

first Europeans to see West

Texas

6161

MatriMatrixx

Spanish Exploration and Spanish Exploration and ColonizationColonization

6262

Date

Explorer/ Event

Purpose Accomplishments 3 G’s

1519 Pineda Map the coast line of the Gulf of Mexico and establish a Spanish colony

Established a settlement near present day Mexican city of Tampico.

Glory

1519 Cortes Explore the continent and report on the rich and powerful civilization.

Brought gold and silver to Spain from Mexico as well as defeating the Aztecs.

Glory

and Gold

6363

1528

Cabeza de Vaca

He was a survivor of the failed Navarez expedition who became an explorer.

Became one of the first Europeans to explore the interior of Texas and he brought back stories of the 7 cities of Gold

Glory and Gold

1682

Spain establishes Missions

Missions were established to spread Christianity.

Corpus Christi de la Ysleta was the first successful Spanish mission in Texas (near El Paso).

God

6464

1690

Spain begins

building missions

To colonize Texas.

Establishment of the first mission in East Texas, Mission San Francisco de los Tejas.

God

1718

Spain reclaims

East Texas

Provide a mid point for supply caravans traveling from central Mexico to East Texas.

Establishment of Mission San Antonio de Valero and presidio San Antonio de Bexar (this would become the most important Spanish colony in Texas and later become the city of San Antonio.

Godand Glor

y

6565

SPANISH EXPLORATION IN TEXAS

Effects on Spain Effects on American Indians

• gained new plants and animals from Europe, such as horses

• rise of a Plains Indian horse culture

• Plains Indians’ fighting and hunting abilities increased by horses

• many Texas Indian deaths from European diseases

• conflict with the Spanish

• established a claim to Texas• gained knowledge about land and

people of Texas• gained new plants and animals from

the Americas• gained a buffer zone between

Spanish settlement and American Indians/Europeans to the north

• lost equine military advantage• conflict with Texas Indians

6666

SPANISH EXPLORERS: 1519–1598SPANISH EXPLORERS: 1519–1598

6767

EFFECTS OF SPANISH EFFECTS OF SPANISH EXPLORATIONEXPLORATION

Established a claim to TexasEstablished a claim to TexasGained knowledge about land and Gained knowledge about land and

people of Texaspeople of TexasGained new plants and animals from Gained new plants and animals from

the Americasthe AmericasObtained a buffer zone between Obtained a buffer zone between

Spanish settlement and American Spanish settlement and American Indians/Europeans to the northIndians/Europeans to the north

6868

SPAIN PROFITS FROM ITS SPAIN PROFITS FROM ITS TEXAS EXPLORATIONTEXAS EXPLORATION

Established a claim to Texas Established a claim to Texas Gained knowledge about land and Gained knowledge about land and

people of Texaspeople of TexasThe The Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange – term describing the – term describing the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and other continents since the time the Americas and other continents since the time of Columbusof Columbus

6969

SPAIN PROFITS FROM ITS SPAIN PROFITS FROM ITS TEXAS EXPLORATIONTEXAS EXPLORATION

Obtained a buffer zone between Obtained a buffer zone between Spanish settlements and American Spanish settlements and American IndiansIndians

Learned about the Plains Indian Learned about the Plains Indian horse culturehorse culture

7070

THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE AND ITS EFFECT ON INDIANSAND ITS EFFECT ON INDIANS

PositivePositive – led to a transfer of plants, – led to a transfer of plants, animals between the Indians and animals between the Indians and SpanishSpanish

NegativeNegative – led to the spread of – led to the spread of diseases from Europe to the diseases from Europe to the AmericasAmericas

7171

7272

7373

The La Salle The La Salle ExpeditionExpedition

Set out in 1682 for FranceSet out in 1682 for FranceExplored the Mississippi River and Gulf Explored the Mississippi River and Gulf

of Mexicoof MexicoLa Salle get lost and ended up in TexasLa Salle get lost and ended up in TexasSet up a settlement in TexasSet up a settlement in TexasName the area around the Mississippi Name the area around the Mississippi

River… LouisianaRiver… Louisiana

7474

The French Explore TexasThe French Explore Texas

The international competition for land The international competition for land in the New World was intense.in the New World was intense.

In 1682 La Salle claimed the Mississippi In 1682 La Salle claimed the Mississippi River and the surrounding land River and the surrounding land (dependent on the river) for France.(dependent on the river) for France.

He called it La Louisiane (Louisiana).He called it La Louisiane (Louisiana).They wanted to compete with Spain’s They wanted to compete with Spain’s

quest for riches and control trade.quest for riches and control trade.

7575

Fort St. LouisFort St. Louis

La Salle established the first French La Salle established the first French colony in Texas on the Lavaca River.colony in Texas on the Lavaca River.

The colony had trouble from the The colony had trouble from the beginning because they lost beginning because they lost valuable supplies at sea.valuable supplies at sea.

They were helped for a while by the They were helped for a while by the Indians, but fighting soon broke out.Indians, but fighting soon broke out.

7676

Why did the Natives turn Why did the Natives turn against LaSalle and his men?against LaSalle and his men?

The Native Americans The Native Americans found the supplies that found the supplies that washed up on shore washed up on shore after after La BelleLa Belle sank. sank.

The French took the The French took the supplies back without supplies back without asking for them or asking for them or explaining what explaining what

happenedhappened..

7777

Fort St. Fort St. LouisLouisLa Salle tried to find a way back to La Salle tried to find a way back to

the Mississippi River, but was the Mississippi River, but was unsuccessful.unsuccessful.

Many of his men died.Many of his men died.In 1687 La Salle tried to go home. In 1687 La Salle tried to go home.

He took 17 of the 20 survivors with He took 17 of the 20 survivors with him.him.

•On the ship, the men plotted against him and he was killed.•Spanish explorers found the bodies of the remaining French colonists who had been killed by the Indians.

7878

FRENCH AND SPANISH FRENCH AND SPANISH CLAIMS ON NORTH AMERICA, 1682–1688CLAIMS ON NORTH AMERICA, 1682–1688

7979

Spain’s claims on Texas lands prompted France to establish a colony of its own. Although La Salle’s Texas colony did not survive, France’spresence renewedSpain’s interest insettling Texas.

The French Explore TexasColumbus came to the New World looking for gold and a new trade route to Asia. Although he found neither, his four voyages inspired others to seek their fortunes in the Americas.

Europe Eyes the Americas

Following Columbus’s lead, Spain established colonies in the Caribbean and Mexico. Reports of riches drew the explorers north to Texas where they established a successful mission.

Spanish Explorers Come to Texas

8080

Consequences Consequences for the Native for the Native

AmericansAmericansNative Americans lived in Texas long Native Americans lived in Texas long

before the Europeans explored there.before the Europeans explored there.The arrival of the Spanish and French The arrival of the Spanish and French

explorers to Texas brought Native explorers to Texas brought Native Americans severe consequences.Americans severe consequences.

Diseases such as smallpox killed Diseases such as smallpox killed thousands of Native Americans.thousands of Native Americans.

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