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Lens The picture is formed and focused through the lens onto the film.

Aperture This is basically a ‘hole’ through which light is passed by the lens onto the film.

Shutter The shutter allows light from the lens to hit the film thus exposing the film. The length of time the shutter is open depends on the setting selected by the shutter speed control

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Shutter Release Opens the shutter for the duration specified by the shutter speed control

Shutter Speed Control This sets the length of time that the shutter is open for.

Viewfinder This allows the photographer to view the image

CAMERA BASICS

Most importantcontrols on the 35 mm camera

F-StopShutter SpeedFocusing Ring

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CAMERA BASICS

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•F-Stop controls the size of the aperture opening.

•Shutter Speed controls how long the aperture is open

•Focusing Ring controls the focus of the lens

Controls HOW MUCH LIGHT IS let into the camera.

Represents the aperture opening

Ranges from 1.8 to 32

A higher number (i.e. 32) means smaller opening.

A lower number (i.e. 1.8) means a larger opening.

F-STOP

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HIGHER F-stop (i.e. 32)

ADVANTAGES Increased depth

of field, i.e. image background is not blurry

DISADVANTAGES Needs more light,

i.e. slower shutter speed.

F-STOP

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F-STOPLOWER F-STOP (i.e. F1.8)

ADVANTAGESLets plenty of light in! Better to use in darker

settings.Less blurry since faster shutter speed may be

needed to compensate for more light.DISADVANTAGESNo depth of field, i.e. background of image likely

out of focus.

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Fast Shutter Speed 500

Long Shutter Speed 125

MEASURES HOW LONG THE APERTURE IS OPEN/LIGHT IS LET INTO THE FILM/CAMERA

125 means 1/125 of a second

Higher the number the shorter the time

Longer times gives more depth of field.

SHUTTER SPEED

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FASTER SPEEDADVANTAGESSporting events, bright

light environments.

DISADVANTAGESLess time for light to

enter cameraRequires bright

conditions

SHUTTER SPEED

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SLOWER SPEEDADVANTAGESGreat for darker

conditions (more time for light to enter the camera)

DISADVANTAGESIncreased chance of

blurrinessOften requires a

tripod be used for steadiness.

SHUTTER SPEED

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Shutter Speed

1/125 of a Second

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Shutter Speed

1/15 of of a second

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Traditional cameras use film of different sensitivities. It is measured by its ISO number: 100-400-800

Slower speed (i.e. 64) is good for enlarging but requires bright light and/or slow shutter speed and/or lower F-stop

Faster Film (i.e. 400) is poor for enlarging but needs less light and thus good for indoor photography

FILM SPEED

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Be aware of ‘backlighting’, i.e. a bright background will make your subject appear ‘dark’

Best to have the light on the subject from behind you for proper lighting

Take photos in early morning/late afternoon for dramatic shadows-The “Golden Hours”

Frame your subject in the viewfinder and use the ‘rule of thirds’ when framing your subject

TIPS ON TAKING

PHOTOS

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