1 & 2 CorinthiansWeek 3

1 Corinthians Chapters 8-11

A question about meat sacrificed to idols: beginning principles.

(1Co 8:1-3) The principles of love and knowledge

Paul now addresses (in 1 Corinthians chapters 8-10) the next of their questions, regarding the eating of meat that had been sacrificed to idols.

Christian behavior is founded on love, not knowledge;

There is a knowledge that is important: the knowledge God has of those who love Him.

LIVING BY KNOWLEDGE OR BY LOVE 1 Cor 8

What about Biblical passages which some take to suggest there are other gods? For example, in John 10:34, Jesus quotes Psalm 82:6-7, in saying You are gods. But the judges of Psalm 82 were called "gods" because in their office they determined the fate of other men. Also, in Exodus 21:6 and 22:8-9, God calls earthly judges "gods. John 10

2 Corinthians 4:4, Paul calls Satan the god of this age (Acts 17:23).

Kurios - Lord

(1Co 8:4-6) Understanding the reality of the idols meat is offered to.

Kurios – Greek Translation to the divine name Yahweh

(1Co 8:7) Not all have the same knowledge.

Why is their conscience considered weak?

Acting on the principle of love.

(1Co 8:9-13) What does matter: love towards those in God's family.

But is he exercising this liberty in a way that becomes a stumbling block?

What about the rights of the weak brother?

(1Co 8:8) What we eat or do not eat does not make us more spiritual.

In Galatians 2, Paul rebuked Peter, who by his association and approval of Jewish legalists, was making Gentiles think they had to come under the Jewish customs and law to be saved.

Paul would never allow this principle to be a means by which a legalist could bind a Christian walking in liberty through their legalistic demands.

Out of love, I will never act in a way that might tempt you to sin, but I don't care at all about offending your legalism. In fact, I'm happy to do it!"

Why is the brother who will not eat the meat sacrificed to an idol considered weak?

Paul declares his rights as an apostle.

(1Co 9:1-2) Paul defends his status as an apostle.

Paul was not "under authority" to anyone but Jesus Christ

But seeing the resurrected Jesus is not the only qualification of a true apostle; Paul was specifically commissioned as an apostle when Jesus appeared to him on the Damascus Road (Acts 26:12-18).

THE RIGHTS OF AN APOSTLE1 Cor 9

defense (apologia) and examine (anakrino) are both legal words

Paul and Barnabas were unique in this regard, choosing to work and support themselves, so no one could accuse them of preaching for a money motive.

(1Co 9:3-6) Paul's assertion of rights as an apostle.

Paul's right is also stated in the Mosaic law; he isn't merely using human illustrations Deuteronomy 25:4

God is establishing the principle that a minister has the right to be supported by the people he is ministering to. "Since oxen cannot read, this verse was not written for them."

(1Co 9:7-14) Why Paul has the right to be

supported by those he ministers to.

It is right for the spiritual work of God's ministers to be repaid with the material support of the people they minister unto.

Corinthian Christians refused to support Paul

" But this command from the Lord means that anyone who preaches the gospel has the right to be supported by those he preaches to.

In Matthew 10:10 (for a worker is worthy of his food); and in Luke 10:8 (Whatever city you enter, and they receive you, eat such things as are set before you).

(1Co 9:15-18) Paul's reward: to preach without relying on the support of any man.

Paul’s boasting was that he was able to preach without his hearers support.

Paul's desire to leave his rights unclaimed

Paul was called to preach and felt compelled to fulfill that call.

In Paul's day, there were a lot of religious entrepreneurs, who were out to preach some message to get money.

What rights are you willing to sacrifice for the cause of Jesus?

(1Co 9:19-23) Paul's flexibility in ministry.

Paul consistently pursued one goal: to win people to Jesus.

For the sake of the Gospel

In Acts 21:23-26, Acts 16:3 Paul participates

"Paul sought to win people to Jesus Christ by being sensitive to their needs and identifying with them. We should try to reach people where they are today and expect to see changes later."

1 Corinthians 1:22-23); Paul would change his behavior and manner of approach.

(1Co 9:24-27) Paul's attitude: an athlete's attitude.

Paul’s participation

Meaningful to the Corinthians, because their city was the center for the Isthmian Games, second in prestige to the ancient Olympics.

An athlete must refuse things that may be fine in themselves, but would hinder the pursuit of his goal.

Our body belongs to Jesus (1 Corinthians 6:20).

Paul told others the rules of the game, and he had to follow the rules himself.

Practice what we preach

Israel's bad example.

(1Co 10:1-5) Israel in the Exodus: blessed, with many spiritual experiences; yet they were disqualified.

1 Corinthians 8, An idol really is nothing and as Christians, love is more important to us than knowledge.

In 1 Corinthians 9, Paul showed how important it is for a Christian to give up their "rights

1 Corinthians 10 carries on the subject

IDOLATRY THEN AND NOW 1 Cor 10

(Exodus 13:21-22) We have reminders of God’s presence

(Exodus 14:21-31). It was not only an amazing demonstration of God's love and power, but also a picture of baptism - by "passing through water," all of Israel was identified with Moses, even as by "passing through water," a Christian is identified with Jesus Christ (Romans 6:3-4).

(Exodus 16:35 and 17:6) display of God's love and power for Israel, (1 Corinthians 11:23-26).

God’s love and power

Israel even had the presence of Jesus Christ with them in the wilderness!

Despite all these blessings and spiritual privileges, the Israelites in the wilderness did not please God.

Only two men from the adult generation which left Egypt came into the Promised Land (Joshua and Caleb).

(1Co 10:6-10) Avoiding Israel's bad example.

Jesus in the desert

We can, and should, learn from Israel's failure in the wilderness. How did Israel fail?

Exodus 32:1-6, Numbers 25:1-3, Exodus 32:6

Exodus 32:28 tells us about three thousand men of the people fell that day.

God's judgment upon them (Numbers 25:9)

We are told that 24,000 died from the judgment of God Numbers 21:4-9

How did Israel fail?

If it happened to Israel, it can happen to you. Be on guard.” 1 Corinthians 10:1-5

Temptation works like rocks in a harbor; when the tide is low, everybody sees the danger and avoids it. But Satan's strategy in temptation is to raise the tide, and to cover over the dangers of temptation. Then he likes to crash you upon the covered rocks.

(1Co 10:11-13) Summary of the lesson from Israel's history: standing strong against

temptation

We often want to excuse our particular tempting circumstances as "very unique" and a "special exception." But God reminds us that our temptation is not unique - many other men and women of God have faced the same or similar temptation, and have found the strength in God to overcome the temptation.

Satan wanted to destroy Job (Job 1:6-12) and Peter (Luke 22:31),

Show Satan and our flesh we are able to bear it.

Way of escape is really a mountain pass

We are reminded that to be tempted is not sin; but to entertain temptation, or surrender to temptation is sin.

(1Co 10:14) The principle stated: flee from idolatry

(1Co 10:15-22) The reason why: what goes on at the pagan temple is not as innocent as it may seem.

Back to the issue of eating meat sacrificed to idols: what about eating in the restaurant of a

pagan temple?

To eat at a pagan temple banquet was to have fellowship at the altar of idols.

The word partakers is the same word (koinonia) for communion in 1 Corinthians 10:16 and fellowship in 1 Corinthians 10:20.

The cup of blessing was the last cup presented in the Jewish Passover ceremony; this was the cup that Jesus blessed at the Last Supper, and the one interpreted as "the new covenant in my blood.

(1 Corinthians 8:4) Roman Catholics have used this passage to support the idea of the Mass as a sacrifice for sins. But its not correct.

An idol is in itself nothing (1 Corinthians 8:4)

He has a right over all our worship, and has a right to be offended if we give our fellowship to demons.

(1Co 10:23-24) A principle to build on: don't just avoid what is harmful; pursue what is good.

Back to the issue of eating meat sacrificed to idols: what about eating the same meat

somewhere else?

What's the harm to me?

(1Co 10:25-30) Practical guidelines.

Paul's warnings in 1 Corinthians 10:15-22 have to do with the atmosphere of fellowship with demons at the pagan temple, which is to be avoided, not the food itself.

Just because something is permitted does not mean it is beneficial.

Notice that Paul does not prohibit socializing with non-Christians; only the meal of fellowship at the pagan temples.

(1Co 10:31-33) Concluding principle: Do all to the glory of God.

All for Him

The purpose of our lives isn't to see how much we can get away with and still be Christians; rather, it is to glorify God.

Paul is saying none of our behavior should encourage another to sin. (Galatians 5:11-12).

Instruction concerning women in the worship service.

(1Co 11:1) A call to follow the example of Paul.

Paul was simply doing what he told his young associate Timothy to do (1 Timothy 4:12)

CONCERNING WOMEN, AND THE LORD'S SUPPER 1 Cor. 11

Keep the traditions is a scary phrase to many Christians. It brings forth the idea that Christians are to be bound by ancient, outdated traditions in their conduct and worship. But the traditions Paul delivered to the Corinthian Christians were simply the teachings and practices of the apostles, received from Jesus. Paul was not talking about ceremonies and rituals, but about basic teaching and doctrine.

God has established principles of order, authority, and accountability.

In its full sense, head has the idea of headship and authority.

We see Paul describes three "headship" relationships: Jesus is head of every man; man is the head of woman, and God (the Father) is head of Christ. Because Paul connects the three relationships, the principles of headship are the same among them.

One great thing God looks for from man is voluntary submission. It is essential to understand that being under authority does not equal inferiority (John 5:19, 8:28) John 1:1, 8:58, 10:30)

God our Head

To wear the head covering (or, veil in some translations), was a public symbol of being under the authority and protection of another.

"It was a custom, both among the Greeks and Romans, and among the Jews an express law, that no woman should be seen abroad without a veil. This was, and is, a common custom through all the east, and none but public prostitutes go without veils.”

(1 Corinthians 11:3),

(1Co 11:4-6) The application of the principle of

headship among the Corinthian Christians.

Under these words of Paul, women are free to pray or prophesy, but only when as they demonstrate that they are under the authority of the male leadership of the church. (Numbers 5:11-31)

in 1 Corinthians 11:3: the head of woman is man. God has established an order of authority, the principle of male headship, both in the church (1 Corinthians 11and 1 Timothy 2) and the home (Ephesians 5:23) Gen. ii. 23

(1Co 11:7-10) Why is it important to respect the principle of headship in the church?

God has ordained that men are the "head" - that is, that they have the place of authority and responsibility.

The Bible is just as specific: there is no general submission of women unto men commanded in society; only in the spheres of the home and in the church. God has not commanded in His word that men have exclusive authority in the areas of politics, business, education, and so on.

the relationship between God the Father and God the Son -they are completely equal in their being, but have different roles when it comes to authority.

God, Jesus and the Holy Spirit are all equal

Do we feel safer? Are we more confident in our culture? Have television and other entertainment gotten better or worse?

This idea of authority and submission to authority are so important to God that they are part of His very being.

Remember 1 Samuel 15:23: For rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft.

Have the changes been good?

(1Co 11:11-12) Headship in light of the interdependence of men and women.

Men and women need each other, so there is no place for a "lording over" of the men over the women.

"A man who can only rule by stamping his foot had better remain single. But a man who knows how to govern his house by the love of the Lord, through sacrificial submission to the Lord, is the man who is going to make a perfect husband. The woman who cannot submit to an authority like that had better remain single."

Men vs Women

Genesis 2:18, 22

Passages such as this remind us that our struggle is bigger than ourselves. God has eternal things to teach the universe through us (Ephesians 3:10-11; 1 Corinthians 4:9; 1 Peter 1:12).

Adam was created for Eve, but Eve was created for Adam

(1Co 11:13-16) Appealing to experience, nature, common sense, and apostolic authority.

Paul apparently had long hair for a time in Corinth as a part of a vow (Acts 18:18).

While it is true that it is wrong for a man to take the appearance of a woman (Deuteronomy 22:5), longer hair on a man is not necessarily an indication of this. It is far better for most preachers to be concerned about the length of their sermons instead of the length of people's hair!

Long hair?

(1Co 11:17-19) Introduction to the problem.

Paul writes to the Corinthian Christians the way he might write to many congregations today. It was to their credit that they gathered together (something neglected by too many Christians today, in disobedience to Hebrews 10:25)

Paul has already dealt with the problem of divisions among the Corinthian Christians in 1 Corinthians 1:10-17

Instruction concerning observance of the Lord's Supper.

(1Co 11:20-22) The bad conduct of the Corinthian Christians at their common meal.

Paul refers to the early church custom of combining the love-feast (like a shared-dish supper) and the Lord's Supper.

The Corinthian Christians were acting selfishly at their common meals.

In the modern church, the Lord's Supper is commonly celebrated in an atmosphere of dignity.

"If you want to eat or drink selfishly, do it at home!"

1 Co 11:23-26) How to conduct the true Lord's Supper.

Paul didn't just make this up, he received it from the Lord.

the Lord's Supper is often called the eucharist. This word come s from the Greek phrase used here for given thanks.

The Last Supper was actually a Passover meal, Jesus took these important pictures and reminders of Israel's deliverance from Egypt, and added to them the meanings connected with His own death on the cross for us.

The Lord’s Supper

Jesus was without sin (as the bread had no leaven), and His body bore stripes and was pierced (as the bread).

Jesus founds a new covenant, sealed with blood, even as the old covenant was sealed with blood

(Exodus 24:8).

While the Lord's Supper does look back to what Jesus did on the cross, it also looks forward to the coming of Jesus, and the marriage supper of the Lamb (Revelation 19:9).

The Lord’s Supper

In Matthew 26:29, Jesus spoke of His longing expectation for the day when He would take communion with His people in heaven, which is the ultimate Lord's Supper.

Scripturally, we can understand that the bread and the wine are not mere symbols, but they are powerful pictures to partake of, to enter in to, as we see the Lord's table as the new Passover.

When we take communion, we are preaching a sermon - to God Himself, to the Devil and all his allies, and to the world who watches. What sermon are you preaching?

The Lord’s Supper

(1Co 11:27-28) How to prepare your conduct in receiving the Lord's Supper.

If anyone needs to remember the work of Jesus on the cross, it is the one who has sinned!

We can never really make ourselves "worthy" of what Jesus did for us on the cross.

As we take the bread and cup we should simply open our heart to Jesus and recognize His presence with us - in fact, in us!

The Lord’s Supper

(1Co 11:29-32) The potential results of being guilty of the body and blood of the Lord.

If we will discipline ourselves, the Lord will not need to do it with His hand of correction!

As mentioned in 1 John 5:16, there is sin leading to death, and Ananias and Saphira in Acts 5 seem to be examples of this

Discipline

(1Co 11:33-34) Summary: how to act at the church common meal.

Don't "pig out" at the church common meal, because it might mean someone else doesn't get enough to eat.

Because of this simple selfishness, the Corinthian Christians were bringing the judgment of God upon themselves just for the sake of food!

Summary

Bible Reading

1st Corinthians Chapter 12:1-11

Faith & Action Textbook Reading

Chapter 6 (Spiritual Gifts in Worship)

Answer Questions

1-10 at end of Ch. 6 in Textbook

Week 4 Homework