1© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 4

Routing Fundamentals and Subnets/ TCP/IP Transport and

Application Layers

222© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Objectives

333© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

IP Address

444© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

IP Address Grouping

555© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Routed Protocol

666© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Data Encapsulation

777© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

IP Packet Header

888© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Network Layer Devices in Data Flow

999© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Router Protocol Stripping

101010© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Connectionless Network Services

111111© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Telephone Calls: Connection-oriented

121212© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Network Layer Fields

131313© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Network Layer

141414© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Routing

151515© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Routing Metrics

161616© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Data Encapsulation

171717© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Network Layer

181818© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Layer 2 Switching and Layer 3 Routing

191919© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

ARP Tables and Routing Tables

202020© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Router and Switch Features Comparison

212121© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Routed Protocol

222222© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Routing Protocol

232323© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Path Determination

242424© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Path Determination

252525© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Routing Process

262626© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Routing Tables

272727© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Routing Algorithms and Metrics

282828© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Interior and Exterior Gateway Protocols

292929© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Routing

303030© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Routing

313131© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

IP Address Bit Patterns

323232© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Subdividing the Host Octets of a Class C Address

333333© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Subdividing the Host Octets of a Class B Address

343434© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Subdividing the Host Octets of a Class A Address

353535© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Subnetting Chart (Bit Position and Value)

363636© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Subnetting Chart (Subnet Mask Identifier)

373737© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Subnetting

383838© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Subnetting Chart

393939© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Subnetting Scheme

404040© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Subnetting Chart

414141© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Subdividing the Host Octets of a Class B Network

424242© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Subdividing the Host Octets of a Class A Network

434343© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Subnetting

444444© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Class A and B Hosts

454545© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Find the Subnet Mask

464646© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Logical ANDing Process

474747© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Calculating the Subnet ID

484848© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Summary

49© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

TCP/IP Transport and Application Layers

505050© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Objectives

515151© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Transport Layer

525252© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Flow Control

535353© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Establishing a Connection with a Peer System

545454© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Session Maintenance and Termination

555555© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Three-Way Handshake

565656© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

TCP Segment Format

575757© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

UDP Segment Format

585858© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

TCP and UDP Port Numbers

595959© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Application Layer

606060© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Application Layer

616161© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

FTP Application

626262© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

URL

636363© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

E-mail Message Path

646464© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

SNMP

656565© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Telnet

666666© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Summary

676767© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Question/Answer