1 © 2013 interdigital, inc. all rights reserved. dynamic spectrum management (dsm): spectrum...

1 © 2013 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

DYNAMIC SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT (DSM):Spectrum Sharing Techniques for Harvesting Underutilized Spectrum, such as Unlicensed Bands, TV White Space and Federal Bands

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DSM Vision: Spectrum Sharing will be the norm

Spectrum Manager

Shared Spectrum

Public Safety/Government (Tier 1)

Military (Tier 1)

Small Cell LTE or Wi-Fi Network (Tier 2)

Macro LTE Network (Tier 2)

Spectr

um Request

Ad-hoc, Consumer, Smart Grid (Tier 3)


Spectrum Sharing and How It’s Shaping Up within the Ecosystem

• Regulatory bodies want to see more efficient use of allocated spectrum: reallocating underutilized spectrum is very expensive and time-consuming

• TVWS remains a solid scenario, but the scope of spectrum sharing has broadened and other use cases have emerged:• Licensed Shared Access (LSA)3-Tier models blending in licensed and opportunistic access, e.g.

PCAST• FCC’s proposal to share 3.5GHz federal band and European initiative in 2.3-2.4 GHz band are

notices of intent to take spectrum sharing broader

• Small Cells is a common theme across almost all use cases• Cell densification strategies to provide supplemental capacity where needed• Use of alternate spectrum sources to avoid interference with macro cellular layer

• Technology will need to evolve to efficiently enable sharing: interference management, channel management, co-existence mechanisms, opportunistic access, etc

• Spectrum sharing will most likely impose power limits which will force the migration towards smaller cells: note the trend towards smaller cells is currently happening due to increased wireless capacity demand

• The trend towards small cells also pushes the industry towards cheap and available spectrum such as shared spectrum (i.e. ISM, TVWS, etc)


Taxonomy of Spectrum Allocation Models

Exclusive Use Unlicensed Spectrum Sharing

Opportunistic Access (e.g.

TVWS)

Licensed Shared Access

(LSA)

Hybrid (e.g. PCAST)

Incumbent

Opportunistic

Incumbent

Licensed

Incumbent

Licensed

Opportunistic

. .

Licensed approach (e.g. Cellular).

Auctions of cleared spectrum.

Unlicensed approach (e.g. Wi-Fi)

Evidence of All Three Spectrum Sharing Models Emerging


Public Safety Network (Tier 1)

Small Cell Operated by MNO

(Tier 2)

Channel Unused

Turn on Small Cells

Cellular Operator Sharing Spectrum Owned by Public Safety

Organization

• Cellular operator with macro network leverages spectrum owned by public safety organization, when not used by public safety org.

• Based on Spectrum Sharing agreement between the two

• Tier 2 Operator moves users/ traffic to Small Cells

• Only Licensed access (no Opportunistic access) => more guaranteed QoS for Tier 2 operator

• Spectrum bands under consideration in Europe: 2.3 -2.4GHz

Licensed Shared Access (LSA)

Small Cell Operated by MNO

(Tier 2)

Cellular Operator Leverages Public Safety Spectrum to Augment Capacity


Macro Cell (Tier 1 Operator)

Wi-Fi User (Tier 3)Small Cell (Tier 2 Operator)

Tier 1 Not

Using

Tier 2 Uses

3-Tier Framework for Licensed and Opportunistic Sharing of Federal

Spectrum

• Tier 2 (Priority Access) uses Tier 1 spectrum when Incumbent not using

• Tier 3 (General Authorized Access) leverages spectrum when Tiers 1 & 2 not using

• FCC has proposed releasing 3550 – 3700 MHz spectrum as first spectrum sharing target

• Incumbents: Naval Radar (3550-3650 MHz) and Fixed Satellite systems (3650-3700 MHz)

• Likely to be a critical test case for spectrum sharing in other federal bands

Sharing Federal Spectrum – PCAST Model

Tier 2 Not

Using

Tier 3 Uses

Provide protection of the incumbent, reliable operation for priority users and opportunistic access for general users


Database Access

Spectrum Sensing

Spectrum Allocation

Spectrum Access

(Scheduling)

Channels

AllocateChannel,

Aggregate Channels

Switch/ Vacate

Channel

PrimaryUser

Occupancy

Secondary User

InterferenceChannel

List

Registered PrimaryUsers

Listen Before \

TalkCoexistence

Gaps

Channel occupied by Primary User

High interference from Secondary Users

Channel Available for allocation

DSM System – Key Components: Leveraging legacy Wi-Fi and LTE technology

• Spectrum Database identifies open channels and registered Primary Users

• Spectrum Sensing detects Primary Users & Secondary User interference

• Agile Spectrum Allocation ensures QoE

• Coexistence schemes such as listen before talk, coexistence gaps, to observe access etiquette and ensure harmonious coexistence with secondary users

Aggregation efficiently combines

channels wherever they are

Non-Contiguous Channel Aggregation & Intelligence to Manage it


LTE or Wi-Fi Using Supplemental Channels

• Works as Super-WiFi or for congestion relief, and provides extended range and improved wall penetration

• Potentially attractive to cellular operators as license-exempt adjunct for offloading

• Potential Small Cell use case for LTE – deploying TVWS spectrum in Small Cell to mitigate interference to/from Macro Cell

• Sensing, channel aggregation and low-power transmission are key for extracting capacity in dense urban areas

• Wi-Fi range extension of particular interest to new entrants – fostering ubiquitous access to consumers (“eyeballs”) using Wi-Fi

Use Case: Opportunistic Spectrum Sharing for Access (e.g. Leveraging TVWS)

Wi-Fi w/ TVWS Spectrum

Wi-Fi

LTE

TVWS

Macro Cell

Small Cell


Shared Spectrum

Use Case: Shared Spectrum for Wi-Fi/LTE Backhaul over TVWS

Wi-Fi Operating in Shared SpectrumBackhaul using TVWS

Channels• TVWS propagation characteristics make

TVWS-based backhaul deployment cost-effective (i.e. NLOS)

• Broadband / Cable delivery to areas with inadequate coverage

• Of interest to fixed / non-cellular operators, cable providers and new entrants…

• Use case being considered by some cellular operators as well.

Wi-Fi Operating in Shared Spectrum

TVWSBackhaul

Wi-Fi APs

TVWSSTA


Client

Router

Channel ManagementFunction

RF RFUSB DSM Client

Access Point

Enhanced 802.11n MAC/PHY development board (ARM)

Sensing toolbox running on a TI OMAP3530

Wideband digital radio development board

DigitalBaseband

Sensing Toolbox

(STB)

WLAN IP

MAC

PHY

ProgrammableInterferer

TVWS Radio

Internet

DSM GUI, Media Server, Programmable Interferer SW

DSM MonitorCh 50Ch 35

Ch 3Ch 14 Ch 47

LicensedASA

6. Ch 475. Ch 034. Ch 143. Ch 062. Ch 501. Ch 35

Ch 06

Full MAC, PHY, RRM implementation FPGA / DSP to support sensing, aggregation and radio interfaces Wideband radio supports TVWS (512-608, 614-698 MHz) Aggregation of up to four non-contiguous 5 MHz bandwidth slices in TVWS Detection of both DTV and Wireless Microphone signals per FCC requirements

DSM Wi-Fi Technology Platform


LTE Solution Platform Architecture• Downlink TVWS Carrier Aggregation

• Primary component carrier in licensed band • Supplementary 5MHz component carrier in

TVWS band

• Required Capabilities: LTE stack enhanced to operate in TVWS bands• Spectrum Database access to identify primary

users registered on TVWS channels• Sensing to detect primary user occupancy and

interference from secondary users• Aggregation and channel switching across

multiple supplementary (TVWS) channels• Co-existence between LTE and Wi-Fi

DataBase

Future PoliciesDSM Policy

EngineChannel

Management Function(CMF)

Transceivers(Lime Radio)

TVWS

IDCC DSM Engine

LTE ProtocolStack

Interface Board

FPGA + DSP

SensingToolbox

RF Controller

Transceivers(Lime Radio)

LTE Band I or II

Standard Policies

Private Policies

TVWS policies

Operator/Enterprise

policies

Spectrum Brokerage

policies

UeeNB


OTA - 1 CHANNEL – TYPICAL MCS DATA RATES

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 9.488.78

8.16

6.67

4.81

3.77

2.62

1.35

7.547.08

6.62

5.57

4.193.28

2.29

1.18

TCP (Mbps)UDP(Mbps)

(AC_VI)

Data

Rat

e in

Mbp

s

MCS 0 MCS 1 MCS 2 MCS 3 MCS 4 MCS 5 MCS 6 MCS 7


OTA - 4 CHANNELS - TYPICAL MCS DATA RATES

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

4034.7

32.629.8

24.5

17.713.9

9.74

4.97

25.724.522.9

18.1

13.810.4

7.33.71

TCP Rx T-PutUDP Rx T-Put

(AC_VI)

Data

rate

in M

bps

MCS 0 MCS 1 MCS 2 MCS 3 MCS 4 MCS 5 MCS 6 MCS 7


FIELD TRIAL PHOTOS (~1KM BETWEEN AP AND CLIENT)

1 © 2013 interdigital, inc. all rights reserved. dynamic spectrum management (dsm): spectrum...

Documents

shared spectrum

available spectrum

underutilized spectrum

scope of spectrum sharing

operator spectrum bands

public safety spectrum

operator tier

spectrum request ad