Name Class _ Date _

1-3 What are the states of matter?Lesson ReviewDecide which phase of matter each statement describes. Write solid, liquid, gas,or plasma in the space provided.

1. It has a definite shape and volume.

2. It has no definite shape or volume.

3. Its particles are tightly packed together.

4. It has a definite volume but no definite shape.

5. It is rare on Earth but plentiful in other parts of the universe.

6. Its particles can move freely to all parts of a container.

7. Its particles can change position by sliding past each other.

8. The only movement of its particles is vibration.

9. It is found at very high temperatures and pressures.

10. A container of this substance is always completely full.

Skill ChallengeSkills: observing, organizing, classifyingLook around your classroom. List 10 substances that you can see or feel.Classify each substance as a solid, a liquid, or a gas. Organize your informationin a table.

Concepts and Challenges in Physical Science. Teacher's Resources CD-ROM(c) by Pearson Education. Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rightS reserved. Properties of Matter: CHAPTER 1. page 5 /D

Label which is a solid, liquid or gas.

1., _

2., _

II

Name _ Class _ Date

What are the states of matter?Enrichment Activity for Lesson 1-3Skills: interpreting a diagram, comparingThe diagram below shows the states of matter and the state changes of water.Refer to the diagram as you answer the questions.

Water,a liquid

--Ice,a solid

,.... -.....

Icemolecules

__ --'-'~_--"-'---_--,>increasing.:\(y

Water vapormolecules

Watermolecules

l. How many states of matter are shown in the diagram? What are these states? _

2. How many different state changes are shown? Name these changes.

3. According to the diagram, which state changes require an increase in heat energy?

4. Which state changes require a decrease in heat energy? _

S. What does the diagram tell you about the particles of a solid?

6. How do the particles of a liquid differ from those of a solid? _

7. Describe the particles of a gas. Compare them to the particles of a solid and of a liquid.

8. Based on the diagram, what happens to the particles of a substance as heat energy increases? Asheat energy decreases? _

Concepts and Challenges in Physical Science, Teacher's Resources CD-ROM(c) by Pearson Education, Inc.lGlobe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Properties of Maller; CHAPTER 1, page 6

Particle People Activity Questions

1. Based on our activity, complete the following table by answering yes or no in each

box.,

Definite Volume? Definite Shape?r---

Solid

Liquid

Gas

2. In a solid, how are the particles arranged? _

3. In a solid, do particles move? If yes, describe how. _

4. In a liquid, how are the particles arranged? _

5. In a liquid, do particles move? If yes, describe how. _

6. In a gas, how are the particles arranged? _

7. In a gas, do particles move? If yes, describe how. _

1-4 How does matter change state?

objective-Identify ways in which matter can change fromone state to another.

KeyTUUUfreezing: change from a liquid to a solid

melting: change from a solid to a liquid

evaporation (ee-vap-uh-RAY-shuhn): changefrom a liquid to a gas at the surface of the liquidcondensation (kahn-dehn-SAY-shuhn): changefrom a gas to a liquid

sublimation: change from a solid directly to a gas

State Changes Matter can change from one stateto another. For example, water can change from asolid to a liquid. A change in matter from one stateto another is called a change of state. There are fourmain kinds of changes of state. During a change ofstate, there is a change in heat energy. A substanceeither gains or loses heat as it changes from onestate to another.

~ DESCRIBE: What is a change of state?

Freezing and Melting If you fill an ice cube traywith water and place it in the freezer, the water willchange to ice.Water changing into ice is an exampleof freezing. Freezing is a change from a liquid to asolid. Freezing occurs when the temperature of aliquid reaches its freezingpoint. At its freezingpoint,a liquid loses enough heat to change to a solid.

•••Figure 1-8 Part of this frozen iceberg ismelting into the ocean.

When the temperature rises above the freezingpoint of water, ice changes to a liquid. A changefrom solid to liquid is called melting. Meltingoccurs when a solid gains enough heat to changeinto a liquid.

~ EXPLAIN: What causes a liquid to freeze?

Evaporation and Condensation Before yougo to bed tonight, fill an open plastic containerwith water. Mark the level of the water. Place thecontainer in a warm, dry place. When you get uptomorrow, see what has happened to the waterlevel. You will find that some of the water has"disappeared." Particles at the surface of the watergained enough heat energy to change into the gasstate. Evaporation is a change from a liquid to agas at the surface of the liquid.

You probably have noticed drops of water onyour bathroom mirror after taking a hot shower.Hot water from the shower causes the temperaturein the bathroom to rise. Some water particles gainenough heat energy to change to water vapor.Water vapor is the gas state of water. Water vaporis invisible. As particles of water vapor hit the coolsurface of a mirror, they lose heat energy andchange back into liquid water. This process iscalled condensation. Condensation is a changefrom a gas to a liquid.

~ EXPLAIN: What causes condensation?

Sublimation When you fill an ice cube tray withwater and place it in the freezer, you have icecubes in a few hours. If you leave the trayuntouched in the freezer for several days, the icecubes get smaller. This is due to a process calledsublimation. Sublimation is the changing of asolid directly to a gas, without passing through aliquid state. The temperature at which a solidchanges to a gas is its sublimation point. Someother solids that sublime are moth balls(naphthalene), dry ice (C02), and iodine.

I). DEFINE; What is sublimation?

; :

8. INFER: What happens to the particles of aliquid as the liquid evaporates?

9. CLASSIFY; Identify the change of state takingplace in each of the following situations.a. Water droplets form on the inside of your

window on a chilly winter night.b. A full perfume bottle left open for several

days is now half empty.c. A block of baking chocolate is heated until

it can be poured into a measuring cup.

1. Melting is a change from a solid to a

2. Water changing into ice is an example of

3. A change in matter from one state to anotheris called _

4. A change from a liquid to a gas at the surfaceof the liquid is _

5. Water vapor changing to liquid water is anexample of _

6. Dry ice turning into gas is an example of Design an experiment to solve the following problem.Include a hypothesis, variables, a procedure, and atype of data to study.PROBLEM: How can you identify an unknownmaterial?

THINKING'CRITI.cALf'r7. INFER: What happens to the particles of a

liquid as the liquid freezes?

FOG MACHINES

Dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide, a gas found inthe air around us. It looks like regular ice, but it ismuch colder. The temperature of, dry ice is about-78.S0

( or -109.3°F. If dry ice comes in contact withyour skin, heat is removed from your body so fastthat your skin seems to burn! For this reason, dry iceshould only be handled with insulated gloves.. Frozen carbon dioxide is called dry ice because

it does not melt. It changes directly from a solidto a gas. This process is called sublimation. If youwatch a piece of dry ice, it seems to slowlydisappear into thin air as it sublimes. .

When dry ice is placed in hot water, a fog madeof tiny water droplets is produced. Such fogs, produced by a fog machine, can lenda dreamlike or eerie mood to the sets of stage plays, rock concerts, or movies. A dryice fog machine is made up of a water barrel, a heater, and a fan. Dry ice is placedin a bucket with holes in it. When the bucket is lowered into the barrel of hotwater, fog is produced. The fan then bloVl{s the fog through the air. The productionof fog is stepped by removing the dry ice.from the water barrel.

Thinking Critically Where does the water that makesup the fog come from?

•. Figure1-9 Dry icesubliming

/5CHAPTER1: Properties of Matter 23

Name _

Teacher _

Date_ ...••. _

Science, Period _

Phase Change Concept Map

Liquid

/b --

Name _

MATTER: HOW IS IT PUT TOGETHER?SOLID, LIQUID, AND GA~

SOLID

Directions: Use the above chart to help you answer the following questions.

Part I: Fill in.1. Changing from a liquid to a solid is called '2. Changing from a liquid to a gas is called '3. Changing from a gas to a liquid is called _4. Changing from a solid to a liquid is called _

Part II: Circle the best answer.5. To change from a solid 10 a liquid (requires heat or gives off heat).6. To change from a gas to a liquid (requires heat or gives off heat).7. To change from a liquid to a solid (requires heat or gives off heat).8. To change from a liquid to a gas (requires heat or gives off heat).

Matter: How Is It Put Together? ©1992 United Learning

United Learning 1560Sherman Av., Suite 100 Evanston, IL 60201 800·323·9084 fax 847·328-6706 www.unltedlearning.com e-mail: info@unitedlearning.com

Name . _ Class _ Oate _

1-4 How does matter change state?Lesson ReviewCircle the term that does not belong in each group.

1. condensation, ice, gas, liquid 5. evaporation, gain energy, leave liquid, melt

2. solid, water vapor, liquid, freezing

3. gain energy, lose energy, gas particles,condensation

6. freezing, melting, reacting, condensing

7. gain heat, melt, evaporate, state of matter

4. dry ice, water, moth balls, iodine8. solid, water, sublimation, gas

120~~~~~~-~~-~~---~-~~1001--~-7--'r-~r~--+-~--~~-

U 801--'····-··---·!-·/0---+·!···_+··· ..,·_····C·~~ 601+··················'····,'··'·: ! + : + ..aE 40 1·_···-;· ..·······i·w········'1--·+-····+-- +..···;···_·-f-······+_··t···+······1

1. What is being measured along the vertical [E 20 1······.,···························/1·············••·· +. .j , , ; +. . ; '[

axis of the graph? ~

2. What is being measured along the

horizontal axis?

Skill ChallengeSkills: interpreting a graph, analyzing, inferringThe graph below is called a state-changediagram. It shows what happens to water as itchanges from ice to liquid water and then tosteam. Study the graph. Then, answer thequestions that follow.

o~iqui~-20~~~~~~-~~--~~--~~--~~

SolidIncreasing Heat -

3. What happens to the temperature of the icewhen heat is first added? _

4. What happens to the temperature of the ice right after the ice reaches QOC? What is happening to theice at this time? _

5. The temperature of the liquid water steadily increases between what two temperatures on thegraph?

6.' What happens to the temperature of the water as it changes to steam? What is happening to theheat during this time? _

7. During the times when the temperature is not changing, what do you think is happening to the heatthat is being added to the water? _

Concepts and Challenges in Physical Science. Teacher's Resources CD-ROM(c) by Pearson Education. Inc.lGlobe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Properties of Matter: CHAPTER 1, page 7

1. Heat causes the particles of matter to excite or move _

2. Temoerature is a measure of the energy of the particles.

3. The faster the particles are moving, the the temperature.

4. This causes there to be more between the particles.

Phase Change Diagram

E

o 0o

0° 0o c:IJ

000o oGo..

.•F -

B

c •f~1;iE~ ~------------------------------

A

Heat Energy --------------------------~_1 .

5. At which letter segments is the temperature increasing? ~

6. At which letter segments is the temperature staying the same? _

7. When the temperature is staying the same, the heat energy is still increasing. If

the heat energy is not making the particles move faster (increasing the

temperature), what is the added energy doing? _

8. Identify the phase or phase change for each letter.

A. _B. _c. _D. _

E.F.G. _

19