1 33 rd 33 rd international conference in high energy physics (jul 26 th – aug 2 nd, moscow,...
DESCRIPTION
3 In an Ideal Scenario.. In an Ideal Scenario.. “ Opposite sign ” “ Same sign ” Oscillations with amplitude = 1.0 and Frequency = ms.TRANSCRIPT
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3333rdrd International Conference in High Energy Physics
(Jul 26th – Aug 2nd, Moscow, Russia)
Tania Moulik (Kansas University)
presented by Andrei Nomerotski (Fermilab/Oxford)
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Mass eigenstates are a mixture of flavor eigenstates:
BH and BL have a different mass and may have different decay width.
m = MH – ML = 2|M12| ,
= H - L = 2|12|
B mixingB mixing
BpBqB
BpBqB
L
H
(t)BB(t)
iΓMiΓMiΓMiΓM
(t)BB(t)
22222121
12121111
dtdi
Time evolution follows the Schrodinger equation
Dominant Diagram for the transition :
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In an Ideal Scenario..In an Ideal Scenario..“O
ppos
ite
sign
”“S
ame
sign
”
SSOS
SSOSi NN
NNtA
)(
Oscillations with amplitude = 1.0 andFrequency = ms.
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DZero DetectorDZero DetectorSpectrometer : Fiber and Silicon Trackers in 2 T Solenoid Energy Flow : Fine segmentation liquid Ar Calorimeter and PreshowerMuons : 3 layer system & absorber in Toroidal fieldHermetic : Excellent coverage of Tracking, Calorimeter and Muon Systems
SMT H-disks SMT F-disks SMT barrels
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Analysis outlineAnalysis outline
μ+/e+
-
K+K-
φD-
S
μ(e) B
X00ss BB
Signal Selection Look for tracks displaced from primary vertex in same jet as /electron
Two tracks should form a vertex and be consistent with mass ( K K) or K* mass (K*K KK) KK invariant mass should be consistent with Ds mass
Identify e/ PT (e/) > 2.0 | | (e/) < 1.0/2.0
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Signal SelectionSignal Selection
μ (e)+
π -
K+K-
φD-
S
μ(e) B
ν
X
00ss BB
Muons were selected by triggers without lifetime bias
= no online/offline Impact Parameter cuts
Trigger muon can be used as tag muon : gives access to eDs sample with enhanced
tagging purity
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Signal SelectionSignal Selection
μ+
π -
K+K-
φD-
S
μ(e) B
ν
X
PV
LT(DS)
00ss BB
Ds lifetime is used to have non-zero selection efficiency at Interaction Point
Bs can decay at IP and be reconstructed
Eff=30%
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Effect of NeutrinoEffect of NeutrinoNeed to correct Decay Length for relativistic contraction need to know Bs momentumCan estimate Bs momentum from MC (through so called k-factor) at expense of additional uncertaintyk/k uncertainty causes additional smearing of oscillationsOnly few first periods are useful for semileptonic channels Sensitivity at DL=0 is crucial
All above represents the main difference wrt hadronic channels
200 micron
# of periods
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Flavor Tagging and dilution calibrationFlavor Tagging and dilution calibration
Identify flavor of reconstructed BS candidate using information from B decay in opposite hemisphere.
a) Lepton Tag : Use semileptonic b decay :Charge of electron/muon identifies b flavor
Ds
cos (l, Bs) < 0.8
Bs
e /
b) Secondary Vertex Tag : Search for secondary vertex on oppositeSide and loop over tracks assoc. to SV.
c) Event charge Tag:All tracks opposide to rec. B
Secondary Vertex
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Dilution in Dilution in ΔΔmmdd measurement measurementCombine all tagging variables using likelihood ratiosBd oscillation measurement with combined tagger
md= 0.5010.030±0.016ps-1 Combined dilution: εD2=2.48±0.21±0.08 % Input for Bs
measurement
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Bs decay samples after flavor taggingBs decay samples after flavor tagging
NBs( ) = 5601 102 NBs( + e) = 1012 62 (Muon tagged)NBs(K*K + ) = 2997 146
BsDs e XDs
Ds K*KBsDs X
BsDs XDs
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K*K Fit ComponentsK*K Fit Components
)(0* signalKKDs
)( 0*0*
KKKD
orKD
)(reflectionPKc )( 0*0* KKKKD
(Cabibbo suppressed)
Difficult mode due to K* natural width and mass resolution – larger errors wrt mode
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Results of the Lifetime FitResults of the Lifetime Fit cKxΔme
cKxp s
cKx
B
oscnoss
sB
s
/15.0)(/
cos D
From a fit to signal and background region:Decay Mode cBs (m) cbkg (m)
BsDs X, Ds 4049 6276BsDs e X, Ds 44429 64518
BsDs X, Ds K*K 40722 54910
BsDs e XDs Ds K*K
BsDs X
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Amplitude MethodAmplitude Method
tmAsymmetry S cosAmplitude fit = Fourier analysis + Maximum likelihood fit
often used in oscillation measurements
If A=1, the Δm’s is a measurement of Bs oscillation frequency, otherwise A=0
tmDA s cos
Need to know dilution (from Δmd analysis)
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Cross-check on BCross-check on BddXXμμDD±±(())
EXACTLY the same sample & taggerAmplitude Scan shows Bd oscillations
at correct place no lifetime bias with correct amplitude correct dilution calibration
Same results for two other modes
Amplitude ScanDØ Run II Preliminary
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Measure Resolution Using DataMeasure Resolution Using DataUltimately ms sensitivity is limited by decay length resolution – very important issue Use J/ψ→μμ sample
Fit pull distribution for J/ψ Proper Decay Length with 2 Gaussians Resolution Scale Factor is 1.0 for 72% of the events and 1.8 for the rest
Cross-checked by several other methodsμ
PVJ/ψ vertex
μ
L±σL
DØ Run II Preliminary
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Amplitude Scan of BAmplitude Scan of BssXXμμDDss(())
Deviation of the amplitude at 19 ps-1 2.5σ from 0 1% probability 1.6σ from 1 10% probability
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Log Likelihood ScanLog Likelihood Scan
ms < 21 ps-1 @ 90% CL assuming Gaussian errorsMost probable value of ms = 19 ps-1
Systematic
Resolution K-factor variation BR (BsDsX) VPDL model BR (BsDsDs)
In agreement with the amplitude scan
Have no sensitivity above 22 ps-1
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InterpretationInterpretation
Results of ensemble tests:DZero result :
Combined with World (before CDF measurement):
ms(ps-1)
ms(ps-1)
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Impact on the Unitarity TriangleImpact on the Unitarity Triangle
BeforeBS mixing
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Impact on the Unitarity TriangleImpact on the Unitarity Triangle
With D0
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Impact on the Unitarity TriangleImpact on the Unitarity Triangle
With CDF
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““Golden” Events for VisualizationGolden” Events for Visualization
Period of oscillations @ 19ps-1
DØ Run II Preliminary
Weigh events using
210
2
log,
sm
eyMSignif
DF sig
# of periods
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Can We See Bs Oscillations By Eye ?Can We See Bs Oscillations By Eye ?
Weighted asymmetry
This plot does not represent full statistical power of our data
# of periods
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More Amplitude ScansMore Amplitude ScansNew results : Amplitude scans from two additional modes
Ds K*K
BsDs (e X BsDs XDs
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CombinationCombination
Amplitude is centred at 1 now, smaller errorsLikelihood scan confirms 90% CL ms limits: 17-21 ps-1
Data with randomized tagger : 8% probability to have a fluctuation (5% before for mode)Detailed ensemble tests in progress
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Add Same Side TaggingAdd hadronic modes triggering on tag muonAdd more data (4-8 fb-1 in next 3 years) with improved detector – additional layer of silicon between beampipe and Silicon Tracker (Layer0) – better impact parameter resolution
Layer0 has been successfully installed in April 2006• S/N = 18:1 & no pickup noise • First 50 pb-1 of data on tape, first tracks have been reconstructed
Outlook Outlook
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SummarySummary
Established upper and lower limits on ms using Bs Ds X mode
Analysis published in PRL 97 (2006) 021802 Combined with two other channels
Bs Ds X Bs Ds e X
considerable improvement in sensitivity 14.1 16.5 ps-1, no improvement for ms interval
Looking forward to a larger dataset with improved vertex detectionIf ms is indeed below 19 ps-1 expect a robust measurement with the extended dataset
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BACKUP SLIDES
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B MesonsB Mesons
Bu+ B0 Bs
0 Bc+
b
u
b
d
b
s
b
cMat
ter
b
u
b
cb
s
b
dAnt
i-Mat
ter
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CKM matrix and B mixingCKM matrix and B mixing
bsd
tbVtsVtdVcbVcsVcdVubVusVudV
bsd Wolfenstein
parametrisation - expansion in .
1)(1
)(1
23
22
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AiAA
iA
)21(
)21(
801.0
002.02265.0sin
2
2
029.0018.0
A
c
0 tbtdcbcdubud VVVVVV
itdtdiubub eVVeVV ||||complex 1
cbcd
tbtd
cbcd
ubud
VVVV
VVVV
Why are we interested to study B meson oscillations
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B MixingB Mixing
In general, probability for unmixed and mixed decays Pu,m(B) Pu,m(B). In limit, 12 << M12 ( << M) (Standard model estimate and confirmed by data), the two are equal.
)cos1(2
)(
)cos1(2
)(
/
/
mteBBp
mteBBp
t
t
~ 10-4 for Bs system
~ 10-3 for Bd system
310~
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Constraing the CKM Matrix from Constraing the CKM Matrix from mmss
2*22
22
2
2
6 tdtbBQCDW
ttb
Fd VVfB
mm
FmmG
mddB
cbts VV
from Lattice QCD calculations)
Ratio suffers from lower theoreticalUncertainties – strong constraint Vtd
2
2
2
td
ts
Bd
Bs
Bd
Bs
Bd
Bs
d
s
VV
BB
ff
MM
mm
And similar expression for ms
CDF+D0 (2006) ms inputs
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Excellent Tevatron PerformanceExcellent Tevatron Performance
Data sample corresponding to over 1 fb-1 of the integrated luminosity used for the Bs mixing analysis Full dataset is ready (85-90% DAQ efficiency)
Run II Integrated Luminosity
0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.81.92.0
Apr-02 Jul-02 Oct-02 Jan-03 Apr-03 Jul-03 Oct-03 Jan-04 Apr-04 Jul-04 Oct-04 Jan-05 Apr-05 Jul-05 Oct-05 Jan-06 Apr-06 Jul-06
Lum
inos
ity (f
b-1)
DeliveredRecorded
19 April 2002 - 22 February 2006
1.19
1.41
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Muon TriggersMuon TriggersLimitation of data recording. Triggers are needed to select useful physics decay modes. 396 ns bunch crossing rate ~ 2.5 MHz ~50 Hz for data to be recorded.
Single inclusive muon Trigger: |η|<2.0, pT > 3,4,5 GeV Muon + track match at Level 1Prescaled or turned off depending on inst. lumi. We have B physics triggers at all lumi’s
Extra tracks at medium lumi’s Impact parameter requirements Associated invariant mass Track selections at Level 3
Dimuon Trigger : other muon for flavor tagging
e.g. at 50·10-30 cm-2s-1, L3 trigger rate : 20 Hz of unbiased single μ 1.5 Hz of IP+μ 2 Hz of di-μ No rate problem at L1/L2
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μμ Sample Sample
μDs: 26,710
Opposite-side flavortagging
Tagging efficiency 21.90.7%
μD±: 7,422
μD±: 1,519
μDs: 5,601±102
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check Using Bcheck Using BddXXμμDD±±(())
The Amplitude Scan shows Bd oscillations at 0.5 ps-1 no lifetime bias (A=1) : correct dilution calibration
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BSSeS tsm
2)( 2
1
2
D2
Detector EffectsDetector Effectsflavor tagging power,
backgroundDecay length
resolutionmomentumresolution
p)/p = ? %l = ?
SM prediction - ms ~ 20 ps-1
Trying to measure : Tosc~0.3 X 10-12 s !
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Sample CompositionSample Composition
Estimate using MC simulation, PDG Br’s, Evtgen exclusive Br’s
Signal: 85.6%
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Flavor tag Dilution calibrationFlavor tag Dilution calibration
Bd mixing measurement using Bd D* X, D* D0 , D0 , and evaluate dilution in various diution bins. Follows similar analysis outline as Bs mixing.Form measured asymmetry in 7 bins in visible proper decay length (xM) – Count OS and SS events (compare charge of reconstructed muon with tagger decision)
Fit the 2:
Also include B+ D0 X decay asymmetry.
7
12
22
)()),((
),(i i
eii
AmAA
m
DD
SSOS
SSOSMi NN
NNxA
)(
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Dilution calibration : ResultsDilution calibration : ResultsFor final fit, bin the tag variable |d| in 5 bins and do a simultaneuos fit(i) where i=1,5. Parameters of the fit : m, fcc, 5 Dd, 5 Du = 12
mstat.) ps-1
D2 = (2.48 0.21) (%) (stat.)stat.
Incr
easi
ng d
ilutio
n
Incr
easi
ng d
ilutio
n
B0 B+
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Individual Taggers performanceIndividual Taggers performance
Tagger D (%) D2 (%)Muon 6.61
0.120.473 0.027 1.48 0.17(stat)
Electron 1.83 0.07
0.341 0.058 0.21 0.07 (stat)
SV 2.77 0.08
0.424 0.048 0.50 0.11 (stat)
Total OST
11.14 0.15 2.19 0.22 (stat)
Note :To evaluate the individual tagger performance |dpr| > 0.3
This cut was not imposed for final combined tagger. Final eD2 is higher.
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Likelihood minimization to get Likelihood minimization to get msms
Form Probability Density Functions (PDF) for each source
sigisigbgisigcandidates
fff ,,1 FF
fln2Minimize
yMdprxM
xi ppppdxpf prMx
MM 10log,,
dpr
Dilution Calibration (From md measurement)
Signal selection function (y)
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Bs Signal and backgroundBs Signal and background
Signal PDF:
Background PDF composed of long-lived and prompt components – Evaluated from a lifetime fit.
Long Lived Background – Described by exponential convoluted with a gaussian resolution function.
Non-sensitive to the tagging Non-oscillatingOscillating with Δmd frequency
Prompt Background – Gaussian distribution with resolution as fit parameter.
)(),,()()(),,( // xgKdxpxKfdKdxp proscnos
sMjjprxMoscnos
j M
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Combine individual tag informations to tag the event.Get tag on opposite side and construct PDF’s for variables discriminating b () and b (+) (Use B+ D0 X decays in data)
Discriminating variables (xi):
Combined flavor tag algorithmCombined flavor tag algorithm
more puremore pure
Electron/Muon SV Tagger
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Ensemble TestsEnsemble TestsUsing data
Simulate Δms=∞ by randomizing the sign of flavour tagging Probability to observe Δlog(L)>1.9 (as deep as ours) in the range 16 < Δms < 22 ps-1 is 3.8% 5% using lower edge of syst. uncertainties band
Using MC Probability to observe Δlog(L)>1.9 for the true Δms=19 ps-1 in the range 17 < Δms < 21 ps-1 is 15%
Many more parameterized MC cross-checks performed – all consistent with above