1-6 - rotary steerable systems
DESCRIPTION
gTRANSCRIPT
Internal Use Only
Directional Drilling
Rotary Steerable Systems
Sperry Drilling Services
2007
Internal Use Only
1960 1970 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
PDM+
bent sub
Wirelinesteering
tool
MWD
2-DAdjustablestabilizer
Steerablemotor
AutoTrak
RSTGeo-Pilot
OGJ, Dec.21, 1998. pp 101
Evolution Of Directional Technology
Internal Use Only
Gullfaks “Designer” Wells
Internal Use Only
• Desire to rotate the drillstring 100% of the time– Improves weight transfer and ROP– Improves hole cleaning by constant agitation of
cuttings
• Desire to orient the bit and drill a directional well
• Goal: Decouple the method of bit deflection and orientation from the drill string
Rotary Steerable Concept
Internal Use Only
• Higher ROP due to absence of need to slide
• Longer reach with lower drag due to rotation
Drag RotatingDrag Sliding
Benefits Of RST Steering?
Internal Use Only
• 3330’ - 9006’ • Total 5676 feet in 2 runs• Starting Inclination - 33°• Dropped 2.5°/100’ while
turning 182° and building back to 55° inc at 3°/100’
• Oil based mud system
Run 1.4507 ft
Run 2.1120 ft
Spirit Energy 76 – Second Well
Internal Use Only
Friction Factors
Casing 0.18
Open Hole 0.22
Geo-Pilot Wellbore Drag Spirit Energy 76 Sweet Lake
50
100
150
200
3369 3996 5592 7752 8661
Depth (ft)
Tens
ion
(000
lbs)
Modeled
ActualP/U
P/U
P/U
P/U
P/U
S/O S/O
S/O S/O S/O
Friction Factors
Casing 0.18
Open hole 0.22
(Oil Based Mud)
RST
Internal Use Only
Geo-Pilot Wellbore Torque Spirit Energy 76 Sweet Lake
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3369 3996 5592 7752 8661
Depth (ft)
Torq
ue (0
00 ft
-lbs)
Modeled
Actual
RST
Internal Use Only
1. Generation : Push–the-Bit
• direct bit force
• indirect bit force
2. Generation : Point–the-Bit
Rotary Steerable System Principles
Internal Use Only
3D RST systems
Push the Bit
Pointthe Bit
Pad deflector
Bttn deflector
Internaldeflection
NR sleeve
R sleeve
3 pads
4 pads
Eccentric weight
Vendor K
Vendor J
Vendor I
Vendor H
Vendor G
Vendor F
Vendor D
Vendor EVendor D
Vendor C
Vendor A
Vendor B
SPE 87165
Internal Use Only
Designed for the push-the-bit rotary steerable systems. Aggressive, short gauges are appropriate for high dogleg requirements. These bits are alsodesigned with longer, more passive gauges where hole quality is of concern.
Security DBS Hypersteer™ Bit
Internal Use Only
Designed for point-the –bit rotary steerable systems. generally feature longer, more passive gauge lengths. Like the others, they are optimized to match the mechanical system, the formation, and the required dogleg severity.
Security DBS Hypersteer™ Bit
Internal Use Only
• Centralizes bit so hole is drilled straighter
• Minimizes destructive motion and vibration
SlickBore™ Bit
Internal Use Only
The Players
Internal Use Only
• PathMaker® RSS
• Principle of operation : push-the-bit (indirect)• Tool size : 8” with ≈ 6°/100ft (operational)• 6-3/4” (building now)
www.pathfinderlwd.com
Pathfinder
Internal Use Only
• Camco SRD – Steerable Rotary Drilling
Principle of operation : push-the-bit (dynamic, with rotating housing)
Hole size - : 8-1/2”
Tool size - : 6-3/4”
Max. flow rate -------- : 500 gpm (-15 gpm through the actuators)
Max. dogleg rate ---- : approx. 8°/100ft
CAMCO is purchased by Schlumberger Inc. and incorporated into the Anadrill division
CAMCO Drilling Service & Co.
Internal Use Only
• PowerDrive Xceed
• Principle of operation : point-the-bit• Tool size : 6-1/2”• Hole sizes : 8-3/8” – 9-7/8”• Max. dogleg : 8°/100ft (could be pushed to 11°/100ft)• String RPM : up 350
• Note : the Xceed system is part of Schlumberger’s PowerDrive Xtra family of rotary steerable systems
www.slb.com/oilfield
Schlumberger Oilfield Services
Internal Use Only
• PowerDrive X5
• Principle of operation : point-the-bit
• Note : the X5 system is part of Schlumberger’s PowerDrive Xtra family of rotary steerable systems
Schlumberger Oilfield Services
www.slb.com/oilfield
Internal Use Only
• PowerDrive vorteX high-performance RSS
• Integrated with a high-torque power section
www.slb.com/oilfield
Schlumberger Oilfield Services
Internal Use Only
• PowerV Rotary Steerable System
• Purpose : to automatically drill an optimized vertical well
• Max. temperature : 300°F (150°C)
Source : E&P October 2004, pp.34
Schlumberger Oilfield Services
Internal Use Only
• AGS
• Principle of operation : point-the-bit
Note : the point-the-bit technology is patented to Cambridge D.A.
Sperry has a partial license
Cambridge Drilling Automation
Internal Use Only
• REVOLUTION™ Slimhole Rotary Steerable SystemPrinciple of operation : point-the-bit
Hole size : 6 – 6-3/4”
Tool size : 4-3/4” , max. OD 6-3/32”
Max. operating temperature : 150°C
Max. survival temperature - : 165°C
Max. operating pressure ---- : 25,000 psi
Max. flow rate ------------------ : 400 gpm
Max. build rate ----------------- : 10°/100ft
Max. kickoff angle ------------- : 0°
Computalog Drilling Services
www.precisiondrilling.com/revolution
Precision Drilling
Internal Use Only
• WELL-GUIDE RSS™ Rotary Steerable System
Principle of operation : point-the-bit
Hole size : 12-1/4” – 22”
Indicated WOB : 70,000 lb
Rotary speed - : 250 rpm
Max. operating temperature : 125°C
Max. build rate ----------------- : 3°/100ft
Max. kickoff angle ------------- : any
Steering reference : gravity toolface
Gyrodata Drilling Automation Ltd
Internal Use Only
• WELL DIRECTOR® Rotary Steerable System
Principle of operation : push-the-bit, gyro orientation based
Hole size : 8-1/2” - 11”; 12-1/4” – 17-1/2”; 14-3/4” – 26”
Tool sizes : 6-1/2” ; 9-1/2” ; 11”
Azimuth steering accuracy : 0.3°
Transmission method : positive pulse telemetry
Drilling Services GmbH
DMT WellDone
Internal Use Only
• AutoTrak
• Principle of operation: push-the-bit (static, with stationary housing)• Hole sizes : 8-1/2” ; 12-1/4”• Control system : Rotary Closed Loop System (RCLS) • with 2-way comms.• Telemetry : uplink positive mud pulse• downlink negative mud pulse• Transmission rates : 1 ; 1.24 ; 1.66 ; 2.5 ; 5 sec/bit
Baker Hughes INTEQ
Internal Use Only
• VertiTrak® Vertical Drilling Service
• Principle of operation : push-the -bit
• A drilling motor (Xtreme® power section) combined with a three-pad steering system and an inclination sensor on top of the tool. It can be used in oriented mode, too (closed loop inclination control)
Source : www.bakerhughes.com
Baker Hughes INTEQ
Internal Use Only
• VertiTrak® Vertical Drilling Service
• Principle of operation : push-the -bit
• A drilling motor (Xtreme® power section) combined with a three-pad steering system and an inclination sensor on top of the tool. It can be used in oriented mode, too (closed loop inclination control)
Baker Hughes INTEQ
Source : www.bakerhughes.com
Internal Use Only
• RDC
Andergauge Ltd
Internal Use Only
Dynamic Guidance System (GDS)
Directional Drilling Dynamics Ltd
Internal Use Only
3-D Stabiliser Tool
3D Stabilisers Ltd
Internal Use Only
• EZ-Pilot™ instrumented near-bit stabilizer
• Type of tool : push the bit
• Communication to tool : by RPM commands
to surface : mud pulse telemetry (via MWD)
• Tool sizes : 850 (8-1/2”)
1225 (12-1/4”)
• Max. performance : 8°/100 ft
Sperry Drilling Services
Internal Use Only
System 850 System 1225Tool OD --------------------- 6-3/4” 8”Min. kick-off angle -------- 0° 0°Design performance ----- 8°/100 ft 8°/100 ftRPM, max. ----------------- 280 280Flow max., gpm ----------- 1,400 1,400Working temp. max., °F - 302 (150C) 257 (125 C)Incl. accuracy @ 2σ ------ ±0.1° ±0.1°Incl. measuring range --- 0-100° 0-100°
EZ-Pilot™
Sperry Drilling Services
Internal Use Only
• GeoPilot™
• Principle of operation : point-the-bit
• Tool sizes : 9600, 7600 and 5200 systems• Features : Azimuthal gamma 3 ft from the bit (Series II.)
Cruise control (Series II.)
• 9600 system is used in 12-1/4” – 17-1/2” holes• 7600 8-3/8” – 10-5/8” • 5200 6” – 6-3/4”
Sperry Drilling Services
Internal Use Only
Internal Use Only
shaft
cantilever bearing prevents shaft from
bending above itfocal bearing allows bit to tilt
eccentric rings bend shaft
drill bit tilts inopposite direction of bend
creating a toolface
The ‘Point-The-Bit’ Principle Of Operation
Internal Use Only
Toolface Direction
Drilling Fluid
Inner Eccentric Ring
Supports
Shaft
Outer Eccentric Ring
Housing
Shaft Deflection By Eccentric Rings
Internal Use Only
• Rotating Shaft is deflected in center between bearings with dual eccentric cams
• Results in bit tilt in opposite direction
The Principle
Internal Use Only
Neutral Position
Maximum Deflection
Intermediate Deflection
Deflecting Mechanism
Internal Use Only
• 2nd Generation - “Point-the-Bit”– Capable of utilizing long gauge bits
• Tool Length - 20 ft. + 10 ft. flex collar• At-Bit Inclination (ABI™) - 3 ft. from bit
- 3-axis Azim Gamma
• 6 of 8 electronics boards come from proven Sperry-Sun LWD tools
• Completely integrated into LWD system for real-time data transmission
• 2-way tool comms from surface (GeoSpan)• Backup tool comms via RPM and pump sequences
System Description
Internal Use Only
• Hole Size : 8-3/8” to 8-7/8” (requires rebuild for each size)
• Max run life with continuous orientations : 200+ hours (Li Battery Powered)
• MWD configuration required :
– Downhole SSDS FEWD interface• Directional module• Smart driver controller• HCIM
– Surface uses INSITE™ system
Operating Considerations7600 System
Internal Use Only
• Max Flow Rate 650 gpm• Max Build Rate 4.38°/100 ft• Max Drop Rate 5.20°/100 ft• Max Turn Rate 5.00°/100 ft• Max Build Rate,Phase-B 6-7°/100 ft
Note : Bend aggressiveness can be adjusted prior to run from 0-100%. 100% corresponds to numbers above
Performance Data7600 System
Internal Use Only
• Max Flow Rate 5,000 lb/min• Min. Steering Angle 15°• Design performance 10°/100 ft• Max DLS when Sliding 25°/100 ft• Max DLS when Reaming 14°/100 ft• RPM Range 60 - 180• Max Operating Temperature 284°F (140°C)
• Note : Bend aggressiveness can be adjusted prior to run from 0-100%. 100% corresponds to numbers above
Performance Data5200 System
Internal Use Only
• Max Weight On Bit 55,000 lb.f• Max Torque 20,000 ft.lbs• Max Overpull 275,000 lbs• Ultimate Overpull 575,000 lbs• Max RPM 250• Length 18’
• Note: Phase B uses larger bent mechanics
Mechanical Performance7600 System
Internal Use Only
• ABI is 3’ from bottom of tool
• Sensor accuracy +/- 0.1° @ 2
(rotation-off condition while surveying).
• System accuracy +/- 0.3 @ 2
• All other FEWD sensors go on top of 18’ tool and
sensor points are standard from that point upward
Sensor Locations and Accuracy
Internal Use Only
Uplink For DataGeoSpan™
SPPHigh frequencypulses
measured data
Internal Use Only
Downlink For DataGeoSpan™
SPP
low frequencypulses
commands
Discharge line
Internal Use Only
Open (manual), or closed loop control
• Closed loop for TF and deflection % only• Inclination and AZ controlled by DD
IADC / SPE 74458
SPPHigh frequencypulses
measured data
low frequencypulses
commands
Discharge line
GeoPilot Control LoopGeoSpan™
Internal Use Only
The Downlink UnitGeoSpan™
Internal Use Only
TIME (minutes)
MODE 1straight position
MODE 2oriented, same TF
MODE 3oriented, new TF
Start rotary first, pumps in 20 sec.
Pumps first, rotary in < 1 minute
Pumps first, rotary in > 1 minute
Set New TF
Pumps
Rotary
Pumps
Pumps
Rotary
Rotary
BackupCommunication Sequence
Internal Use Only
• Max Temperature: 140°C• Max Pressure: 18,000 psi• Max Vibration: 20 g rms 5-500 Hz• Mud Types: Water / Oil (Invert)
no 2 phase mud !
Environmental Specifications
Internal Use Only
GeoPilot™
Internal Use Only
Prepared For Running
Internal Use Only
Reference Stabilizer
Internal Use Only
At-Bit-Inclination Insert ‘Shake & Bake’ Test
Internal Use Only
Electronics / Lithium Battery Insert
Internal Use Only
Drilling Test
Internal Use Only
• Picture shows Dec.1998 test
• Highside / Lowside slot
entrances
Drilling Test On Concrete Block
Internal Use Only
41” approx.
Lowside exit hole at end of 64’ concrete block. Almost drilled through the floor!
Highside exit hole at end of 64’ concrete block
Exit Points On 64’ Concrete Block
Internal Use Only
Build/Drop Performance inConcrete Drilling Test, Dec. 18, 1998
LowSide
HighSide
Measured Depth (Feet)
80
Incl
inat
ion
(D
egre
es)
86.0
87.0
88.0
89.0
90.0
91.0
92.0
93.0
0 20 40 60
4.38°/100' Build Rate
5.2°/100' Drop Rate
Internal Use Only
Field Test No. 1 – Tripping Out Of The HoleAmoco, Caroline Jan. 28-30, 1999
Internal Use Only
System drilled from 52º to horizontal with excellent performance results
Field Test No. 2 – Filling The ToolCatoosa, Oklahoma May 10, 1999
Internal Use Only
SlickBore™ Bit
Internal Use Only
What A Bit…..!
Internal Use Only
The GeoPilot Is Ready To Go…
Internal Use Only
Internal Use Only