1

aabbreviations

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 172abrasion

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 197, 261, 264Mixed Acids 1/ 258, 301, 331, 379

abrasion behaviorMixed Acids 1/ 261

abrasion corrosionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 11

abrasion corrosion (in H3PO4)Phosphoric Acid 3/ 248, 269

abrasion corrosion resistancePhosphoric Acid 3/ 337

abrasion resistanceHydrochloric Acid 2/ 41, 262

abrasive agentMixed Acids 1/ 261

absorbersHydrochloric Acid 2/ 178

absorptionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 63, 226

absorption columnsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 7, 260Nitric Acid 2/ 348

absorption testHydrochloric Acid 2/ 229

absorption towersHydrochloric Acid 2/ 179

accessoriesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 179, 189Hypochlorites 3/ 88

accumulatorsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 247

acetic acid (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 30, 33

acid corrosionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 74

acid mistPhosphoric Acid 3/ 311

acid mixtureHydrochloric Acid 2/ 46, 81, 105, 106

acid picklingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 69

acid pumpsMixed Acids 1/ 244, 380Nitric Acid 2/ 396

acid recovery processMixed Acids 1/ 358

acid tanksMixed Acids 1/ 354

acid technologyHydrochloric Acid 2/ 214

acid thickenerMixed Acids 1/ 303

acid wash solutionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 51

acid washingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 51–52, 55, 67

acid-resistant coatingsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 233

acid-resistant fillerHydrochloric Acid 2/ 233

acoustic emissionNitric Acid 2/ 307, 327

acridine (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 324

acridine orange (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 24

action of chemicalsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 211

activated carbonHydrochloric Acid 2/ 226

activated diffusionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 213

activationMixed Acids 1/ 236

Subject index

Subject index

2

active charcoalPhosphoric Acid 3/ 166

active corrosionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 9

active rangeMixed Acids 1/ 273Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 124–125, 139

active stress corrosion crackingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 83, 85

active-passive transitionSodium Hydroxide 1/ 50–51, 53, 55, 67,

92, 125activity coefficient

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 5additives

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 10Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 172

adhesion behaviorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 241

adhesive bondHydrochloric Acid 2/ 245

adhesive bondingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 225, 258

adhesive jointHydrochloric Acid 2/ 225

adhesively bonded liningsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 245

adhesivesPhosphoric Acid 3/ 166

adsorption processHydrochloric Acid 2/ 249

adsorption vesselHydrochloric Acid 2/ 223

aeratedPhosphoric Acid 3/ 171

aerated phosphoric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 347

aeronautical engineeringMixed Acids 1/ 342

aerospace applicationsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 21

aftercondenserNitric Acid 2/ 368

after-etchingNitric Acid 2/ 382

ageingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 207Mixed Acids 1/ 383Nitric Acid 2/ 354

ageing resistanceHydrochloric Acid 2/ 249

ageing tankMixed Acids 1/ 258, 273, 331

ageing temperatureNitric Acid 2/ 354

air contaminationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 181

air pollutantsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 14, 181

air temperatureHydrochloric Acid 2/ 14

air valvesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 226

air-conditioning unitHydrochloric Acid 2/ 15

aircraftHydrochloric Acid 2/ 14

aircraft constructionPhosphoric Acid 3/ 450

aircraft industryHydrochloric Acid 2/ 231

algaeHypochlorites 3/ 72

alizarin red S (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 24

alkali batteriesSodium Hydroxide 1/ 23

alkali silica reactionSodium Hydroxide 1/ 151

alkali-electrolysis plantsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 62

alkaline degreasing solutionSodium Hydroxide 1/ 25

alkaline pickling solutionsNitric Acid 2/ 299

alkylamines (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 431

allyl thiourea (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 322

allylamine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 26–27Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 30

allylpyridine thiocyanate (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 331

Alniflex processNitric Acid 2/ 454

alternatingSodium Hydroxide 1/ 15

aluchromizingNitric Acid 2/ 321

aluminate solutionSodium Hydroxide 1/ 41, 50

aluminatesSodium Hydroxide 1/ 13, 25

aluminiumPhosphoric Acid 3/ 170

Subject index

3

aluminium ions in nitric acidNitric Acid 2/ 383

aluminium oxide layerHydrochloric Acid 2/ 18Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 25

aluminous claysSodium Hydroxide 1/ 46

amalgam processSodium Hydroxide 1/ 7

m-aminobenzoic acid (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 323

p-aminobenzoic acid (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 299, 323–325

2-amino-5-chloropyridine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 34

2-aminopyridine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 34

2-aminothiazole (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 63, 65Nitric Acid 2/ 321

aminotriazole (as inhibitor)Phosphoric Acid 3/ 222

3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 63, 65

ammoniaHydrochloric Acid 2/ 63

ammonium nitrate productionNitric Acid 2/ 439

amorphous alloysMixed Acids 1/ 350

amphoteric metalHydrochloric Acid 2/ 18Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 13, 25

anatase layerNitric Acid 2/ 445

anchoring elementsHypochlorites 3/ 69

aniline (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 78Nitric Acid 2/ 317Phosphoric Acid 3/ 174

m-anisidine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 57

o-anisidine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 57Nitric Acid 2/ 325

p-anisidine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 57, 299, 324–325

anisidine isomers (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 57

annealing (austenitising)Mixed Acids 1/ 263

annealing colorsNitric Acid 2/ 382

annealing scaleHydrochloric Acid 2/ 56

annealing (stabilising)Mixed Acids 1/ 263

anodeSodium Hydroxide 1/ 108, 146

anode materialHydrochloric Acid 2/ 156Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 140

anodic crack initiationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 169

anodic dissolutionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 61Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 31

anodic oxidationSodium Hydroxide 1/ 36

anodic passivationSodium Hydroxide 1/ 40

anodic polarisationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 131, 144, 159, 170Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 17, 106

anodic protectionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 159Mixed Acids 1/ 273, 331Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 13, 22, 50–51, 55,

57anodised layer

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 21anodising tank

Mixed Acids 1/ 333anthranilic acid (as inhibitor)

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 30anti-ageing agents

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 236antifreeze agents

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 173antioxidants

Hypochlorites 3/ 110antipromotor effect

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 11APF

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 103apparatus construction

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 343apparatus enamel

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 157apparatus engineering

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 227Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 186

apparatus engineering materialHypochlorites 3/ 88

Subject index

4

apparatus materialHydrochloric Acid 2/ 235

approval proceduresHydrochloric Acid 2/ 252

aqua regiaHydrochloric Acid 2/ 201Mixed Acids 1/ 237, 239, 243, 305, 338,

340, 342–343, 347, 356–357, 370, 380,397, 403, 407

Nitric Acid 2/ 291, 311, 329, 429–430,435, 462, 470, 473–474

aqua regia testNitric Acid 2/ 429

aqueous complex fertilizerPhosphoric Acid 3/ 256

arc meltingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 133

arc weldingNitric Acid 2/ 296

articulated lever specimensHydrochloric Acid 2/ 250

1-aryl-3-formamidine-thiocarbamides(as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 299

asbestos substitutePhosphoric Acid 3/ 453

asphalt coatingHypochlorites 3/ 85

ASTMPhosphoric Acid 3/ 225

ASTM 28AMixed Acids 1/ 314

ASTM 28BMixed Acids 1/ 314

ASTM A 262 – Practice CHydrochloric Acid 2/ 72Nitric Acid 2/ 341, 392

ASTM A 262 DNitric Acid 2/ 342

ASTM A 262-DNitric Acid 2/ 399

ASTM G3Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 126Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 21

ASTM G5Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 21

ASTM G-28Mixed Acids 1/ 300, 320

ASTM G-28 AMixed Acids 1/ 290, 328

ASTM G-28 BMixed Acids 1/ 315, 336

ASTM G30 testHydrochloric Acid 2/ 121

ASTM G31Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 21, 82

ASTM G38Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 21

ASTM G39Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 21

ASTM G44Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 21

ASTM G46Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 21

ASTM G49Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 21

ASTM G61-78Hypochlorites 3/ 61

ASTM G71Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 21

ASTM-Teflon thread testMixed Acids 1/ 323

atmospheric corrosionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 164

atmospheric influencesSodium Hydroxide 1/ 174

atomic absorption spectrometryMixed Acids 1/ 268

atomic percent factorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 103

attack of the weld seamHydrochloric Acid 2/ 116

autocatalytic effectHydrochloric Acid 2/ 214

autoclaveHydrochloric Acid 2/ 191Nitric Acid 2/ 466Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 136

automobile exhaust catalystMixed Acids 1/ 237

azeotropic concentrationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 6

azeotropic nitric acidNitric Acid 2/ 336, 406, 433, 454

azeotropic stateHydrochloric Acid 2/ 4

azo dye manufacturingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 166

bbacteria

Hypochlorites 3/ 9ball indentation hardness

Mixed Acids 1/ 388

Subject index

5

ball valveHydrochloric Acid 2/ 43, 134

Ba(OCl)2Hypochlorites 3/ 7

barium hypochloriteHypochlorites 3/ 7

barium hypochlorite solutionHypochlorites 3/ 113

barrierHydrochloric Acid 2/ 237

barrier layerHydrochloric Acid 2/ 251

bauxiteSodium Hydroxide 1/ 11, 51

Bayer digestion plantSodium Hydroxide 1/ 46

Bayer processSodium Hydroxide 1/ 11, 46, 49–50

Bayer solutionSodium Hydroxide 1/ 48–50

Bayer solution (artificial)Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 47

Bayer solution (industrial)Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 51

bellowsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 247, 259

bending strengthHydrochloric Acid 2/ 180, 204, 215–216,

233–234benzaldehyde (as inhibitor)

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 78benzidine (as inhibitor)

Nitric Acid 2/ 317benzoic acid (as inhibitor)

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 30Nitric Acid 2/ 298, 299, 308

benzotriazole (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 317, 322, 332Phosphoric Acid 3/ 222

benzylamine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 26–27, 78Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 30

benzyl-2-methyl pyridine rhodanide(as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 331

benzylpyridine thiocyanate (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 331

Berlin processHydrochloric Acid 2/ 8

beverageMixed Acids 1/ 363

binderHydrochloric Acid 2/ 178, 181, 201, 230,

233, 240Mixed Acids 1/ 357, 415–416Phosphoric Acid 3/ 405

binder metalNitric Acid 2/ 469

binders for building materialHypochlorites 3/ 98

binding materialPhosphoric Acid 3/ 448

biochemical reactionPhosphoric Acid 3/ 184

biocideHypochlorites 3/ 26, 63, 86, 90

biocide additionHypochlorites 3/ 55

biological attackHydrochloric Acid 2/ 214

bisphenol resinMixed Acids 1/ 401

bituminous productsPhosphoric Acid 3/ 423

blast furnaceSodium Hydroxide 1/ 80

blast heaterSodium Hydroxide 1/ 80

bleachHypochlorites 3/ 61

bleached materialsHypochlorites 3/ 28, 38, 129

bleached textilesHypochlorites 3/ 9

bleaching agentHypochlorites 3/ 28

bleaching effectHypochlorites 3/ 6, 9

bleaching lyesHypochlorites 3/ 9, 85, 93, 95, 105, 110,

112–113, 118–119, 125bleaching plant

Mixed Acids 1/ 296bleaching powder

Hypochlorites 3/ 18, 35bleaching solution

Hypochlorites 3/ 7, 9, 23, 28, 38, 76–80,84, 93, 98, 102, 104–105, 109, 111

Mixed Acids 1/ 296Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 145

bleaching tankHypochlorites 3/ 78, 100

bleaching workHypochlorites 3/ 83, 129

Subject index

6

blisterHydrochloric Acid 2/ 237–238

blisteringHydrochloric Acid 2/ 234, 240, 250–251Mixed Acids 1/ 387

block heat exchangersHydrochloric Acid 2/ 180

Boehmite layerNitric Acid 2/ 300

boiler scaleHydrochloric Acid 2/ 57

boiler tubesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 93

boiler waterHydrochloric Acid 2/ 199

boiling curveHydrochloric Acid 2/ 5

boiling nitric acidNitric Acid 2/ 396, 423, 433–434, 437,

455boiling phosphoric acid

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 340, 391–392, 397boiling point

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 5boiling pure phosphoric acid

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 398bolts

Mixed Acids 1/ 244, 333bonding agent

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 236, 250boride coatings

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 222Box-Wilson

Nitric Acid 2/ 310brass component

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 55brass sheets

Nitric Acid 2/ 327breakthrough potential

Mixed Acids 1/ 299, 316brightener baths

Mixed Acids 1/ 289brightening bath

Mixed Acids 1/ 242Nitric Acid 2/ 299

brittle fractureHydrochloric Acid 2/ 168

brittlenessHydrochloric Acid 2/ 208, 215

bromoacetic acid (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 322–324

brown coalMixed Acids 1/ 298

brown coal-fired power stationMixed Acids 1/ 316

burner nozzleSodium Hydroxide 1/ 80

burstingMixed Acids 1/ 248

butylamineSodium Hydroxide 1/ 30

butylamine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 26–27

n-butylamine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 24

ccalcium hypochlorite

Hypochlorites 3/ 6, 17–18, 35, 40, 44, 64,77, 92, 97, 110, 113, 119

calcium hypochlorite bleachHypochlorites 3/ 77

calcium hypochlorite productHypochlorites 3/ 8

calcium hypochlorite (solid)Hypochlorites 3/ 14

calcium hypochlorite solutionHypochlorites 3/ 13, 15, 17, 19, 24–25,

27–28, 37, 39, 68–69, 85–86, 88–89,92, 94–95, 100, 104, 108–113,116–119, 121, 125

calomel electrodeHydrochloric Acid 2/ 113

Ca(OCl)2Hypochlorites 3/ 6

carbide precipitationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 123Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 112, 133

carbon activityHydrochloric Acid 2/ 124

carbon dioxideSodium Hydroxide 1/ 4, 6

carbon fiberHydrochloric Acid 2/ 233, 248

carbon platesMixed Acids 1/ 354

carbon solubilitySodium Hydroxide 1/ 133

carbon steelHydrochloric Acid 2/ 61

carbon steel pipesSodium Hydroxide 1/ 93

carbon yarnsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 181

carboxylic acidsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 30

Subject index

7

3-carboxylpyridine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 34

4-carboxylpyridine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 34

cases of damageHydrochloric Acid 2/ 156

cast arc-melted tantalumHydrochloric Acid 2/ 133

cast copper materialHypochlorites 3/ 24

cast iron tanksNitric Acid 2/ 335

casting sandHydrochloric Acid 2/ 201

catalytic activityHydrochloric Acid 2/ 41

catechin violet (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 24

cathodeHydrochloric Acid 2/ 55Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 108

cathodic corrosionSodium Hydroxide 1/ 19

cathodic corrosion protectionHypochlorites 3/ 35Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 13, 21

cathodic loadingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 132

cathodic polarisationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 23, 131, 170, 175Nitric Acid 2/ 330Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 17, 55, 90, 106

cathodic protectionSodium Hydroxide 1/ 19, 22, 93

cation exchangersNitric Acid 2/ 288

caustic sodaSodium Hydroxide 1/ 4

cavitation corrosionSodium Hydroxide 1/ 35

CCT testHydrochloric Acid 2/ 90

cellophane filmHypochlorites 3/ 79

cellulose digestionSodium Hydroxide 1/ 54

cellulose suspensionHypochlorites 3/ 62

cement mortarSodium Hydroxide 1/ 151

cementiteSodium Hydroxide 1/ 44

centrifugal pumpHydrochloric Acid 2/ 134, 181Mixed Acids 1/ 333Nitric Acid 2/ 349

centrifugal separatorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 158

centrifugesMixed Acids 1/ 265

ceramic bricksMixed Acids 1/ 381

ceramic liningsPhosphoric Acid 3/ 416

ceramic platesMixed Acids 1/ 381

ceramic productsPhosphoric Acid 3/ 415–416, 418

CERTexperimentSodium Hydroxide 1/ 45

CERT testHydrochloric Acid 2/ 90, 157Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 18, 53, 56, 60, 64,

73, 81–82, 101, 112CF

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 19chain cleavage

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 214–215chain degradation

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 214characteristic mechanical values

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 216chemical apparatus

Mixed Acids 1/ 289chemical apparatus construction

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 350chemical apparatus engineering

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 214Hypochlorites 3/ 48–54, 68, 76, 81, 83,

87, 93, 123chemical apparatus engineering materials

Hypochlorites 3/ 54chemical brightening

Mixed Acids 1/ 242, 289chemical cleaning

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 57, 66, 93chemical degradation

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 211Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 174, 176

chemical degradation processesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 213

chemical descalingNitric Acid 2/ 444

chemical etchingSodium Hydroxide 1/ 38

Subject index

8

chemical glassesMixed Acids 1/ 358

chemical hosesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 247

chemical industryHydrochloric Acid 2/ 228Phosphoric Acid 3/ 369, 454

chemical loadingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 207, 211

chemical millingNitric Acid 2/ 444Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 26

chemical plantHydrochloric Acid 2/ 252

chemical plant engineeringSodium Hydroxide 1/ 154

chemical plant materialPhosphoric Acid 3/ 245

chemical polishingNitric Acid 2/ 299, 302, 319, 382, 434

chemical process engineeringHydrochloric Acid 2/ 99

chemical process industryHydrochloric Acid 2/ 149

chemical pumpsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 229Nitric Acid 2/ 348

chemical resistanceHydrochloric Acid 2/ 211, 215

chemical tankersPhosphoric Acid 3/ 260, 297

chemical wastewatersHydrochloric Acid 2/ 181

chemical-resistant coatingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 234, 249–250, 258

chemisorptionNitric Acid 2/ 461

chimney liningsMixed Acids 1/ 362

chimneysHydrochloric Acid 2/ 235Nitric Acid 2/ 463

chinalizarinSodium Hydroxide 1/ 38

chip industryHydrochloric Acid 2/ 262

chloralkali electrolysisSodium Hydroxide 1/ 6, 7, 9, 146, 187,

189, 192chloralkali electrolysis cell

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 150, 153chlor-alkali electrolysis plants

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 249

chlor-alkali industryHydrochloric Acid 2/ 11, 227, 234, 251

chloride adsorptionMixed Acids 1/ 257

chloride corrosionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 74, 77

chloridesMixed Acids 1/ 236

chlorinated limeHypochlorites 3/ 7–8, 28, 40, 78, 85, 93,

100, 104, 109–111, 114, 118chlorinated lime bleaching lye

Hypochlorites 3/ 104chlorinated lime solution

Hypochlorites 3/ 13chlorinated polyethylene

Hypochlorites 3/ 110chlorinating plant

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 227chlorination

Hypochlorites 3/ 9chlorination unit

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 260chlorine

Mixed Acids 1/ 296chlorine detonating gas

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 7chlorine dioxide

Hypochlorites 3/ 80Mixed Acids 1/ 296

chlorine dioxide stageMixed Acids 1/ 297

chlorine dioxide vaporHypochlorites 3/ 87

chlorine gas production plantsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 153

chlorine gas scrubbersSodium Hydroxide 1/ 145

chlorine-alkali electrolysis plantMixed Acids 1/ 322

chlorine-alkaline electrolysisMixed Acids 1/ 322

chloroacetic acid (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 322–324

m-chloroaniline (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 321

p-chloroaniline (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 299, 323–325

o-chloroaniline (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 317, 323

m-chlorobenzoic acid (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 30

Subject index

9

3-chloro-2-hydroxypropanoic acidNitric Acid 2/ 447

3-chloro-2-hydroxypropanoic acidproductionNitric Acid 2/ 447

p-chlorophenylthiourea (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 298

chromationNitric Acid 2/ 302

chromic acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 172–173

chromium bathsMixed Acids 1/ 337

chromium carbideHydrochloric Acid 2/ 198

chromium carbide coatingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 198

chromium carbide precipitateSodium Hydroxide 1/ 115–116

chromium carbide precipitationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 75, 123

chromium coatingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 45Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 33

chromium depletionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 198Hypochlorites 3/ 56Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 112

chromium diffusion coatingHypochlorites 3/ 18

chromium diffusion layersSodium Hydroxide 1/ 33

chromium powderSodium Hydroxide 1/ 33

chromizationNitric Acid 2/ 450

circulation apparatusNitric Acid 2/ 463

circulation pumpMixed Acids 1/ 331

circulatoryPhosphoric Acid 3/ 163

city atmosphereHydrochloric Acid 2/ 161–163

cladded layerMixed Acids 1/ 319

claddingMixed Acids 1/ 319, 410Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 93, 188

cladding devicesNitric Acid 2/ 414

cleanHydrochloric Acid 2/ 58

clean filtersHydrochloric Acid 2/ 96

clean gas pipelineHydrochloric Acid 2/ 223

clean iron surfaceHydrochloric Acid 2/ 56

cleaning agentsHypochlorites 3/ 14Phosphoric Acid 3/ 166, 304

cleaning cellsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 108

cleaning (chemical)Mixed Acids 1/ 345

cleaning copperNitric Acid 2/ 318

cleaning mordantMixed Acids 1/ 345

cleaning solutionsHypochlorites 3/ 15Mixed Acids 1/ 286Phosphoric Acid 3/ 304, 305Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 25

cleaning vatsMixed Acids 1/ 337

coal ash particlesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 163

coatingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 69, 161, 212, 229,

236, 256Mixed Acids 1/ 405Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 109, 186, 188, 208

coating concrete floorsNitric Acid 2/ 462

coating materialsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 240Nitric Acid 2/ 462

coatingsHypochlorites 3/ 126Phosphoric Acid 3/ 452–453

coating systemHydrochloric Acid 2/ 16Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 184

coefficient of frictionNitric Acid 2/ 454

cohesionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 211

coil annealing lineMixed Acids 1/ 253

cold deformationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 112

cold hardeningHydrochloric Acid 2/ 201

Subject index

10

cold vulcanisationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 236

cold workingNitric Acid 2/ 350

columnsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 62, 132, 178, 189,

233, 256, 258Nitric Acid 2/ 448

combination meshesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 181

combustion burnerPhosphoric Acid 3/ 162

combustion gasHydrochloric Acid 2/ 8, 80, 197

combustion of coalHydrochloric Acid 2/ 163

combustion of natural gasMixed Acids 1/ 256

combustion of polyvinylchlorideHydrochloric Acid 2/ 64

combustion plantHydrochloric Acid 2/ 80

combustion productsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 14

compactsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 43

compact sealsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 247

compact tension specimensSodium Hydroxide 1/ 126

complete fertilizer suspensionPhosphoric Acid 3/ 256

componentHydrochloric Acid 2/ 225

composite materialsPhosphoric Acid 3/ 454

compositesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 248, 257

compressive strengthHydrochloric Acid 2/ 180, 182, 258

compressorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 7Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 166

concentrated nitric acidNitric Acid 2/ 303

concentrating plants for nitric acidNitric Acid 2/ 463

concentration plantPhosphoric Acid 3/ 163

concentration stageMixed Acids 1/ 289

concrete foundationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 230

condensateHydrochloric Acid 2/ 249Mixed Acids 1/ 256

condensate regionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 194

condensate valvesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 226

condensation columnNitric Acid 2/ 447

condensation of liquidHydrochloric Acid 2/ 212

condensation waterHydrochloric Acid 2/ 63

condenserHydrochloric Acid 2/ 62, 166, 223, 226,

240Nitric Acid 2/ 432

condenser pipeHydrochloric Acid 2/ 51Nitric Acid 2/ 434

conductorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 12

conductor materialHydrochloric Acid 2/ 14

connecting elementsHypochlorites 3/ 69

construction materialsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 258Mixed Acids 1/ 289Phosphoric Acid 3/ 171

contact behaviorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 12

contact resistanceHydrochloric Acid 2/ 14

contaminated phosphoric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 260, 263, 271, 274,

306, 360, 377, 383, 431, 436–437, 447,454, 463

contaminationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 91, 164

continuous-cast materialNitric Acid 2/ 294

continuous temperatureHydrochloric Acid 2/ 207Mixed Acids 1/ 383

control of inert gasMixed Acids 1/ 322

conversion of residual austeniteHydrochloric Acid 2/ 74

Subject index

11

coolerHydrochloric Acid 2/ 223, 226Hypochlorites 3/ 37Mixed Acids 1/ 239Nitric Acid 2/ 406Phosphoric Acid 3/ 380

cooling coilsMixed Acids 1/ 250

cooling devicesMixed Acids 1/ 398

cooling fingerNitric Acid 2/ 368

cooling jacketMixed Acids 1/ 250

cooling pipesMixed Acids 1/ 333

cooling plantsNitric Acid 2/ 388

cooling spiralMixed Acids 1/ 322, 337

cooling systemMixed Acids 1/ 250

cooling waterHypochlorites 3/ 27Mixed Acids 1/ 245

copper materialHypochlorites 3/ 19

copper pipesSodium Hydroxide 1/ 35

copper wiresNitric Acid 2/ 318

corporate publicationsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 226

corrosionMixed Acids 1/ 290Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 26

corrosion-current densityHydrochloric Acid 2/ 19, 61, 91, 201

corrosion due to chloride-containingcondensatesHypochlorites 3/ 62

corrosion elementSodium Hydroxide 1/ 20

corrosion fatigueHypochlorites 3/ 62Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 19, 61, 67, 78

corrosion fatigue testsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 78

corrosion in bleaching solutionsHypochlorites 3/ 61, 71

corrosion in disinfection solutionsHypochlorites 3/ 61, 65, 69

corrosion in sterilized waterHypochlorites 3/ 33

corrosion in swimming pool hallsHypochlorites 3/ 16, 34, 57, 63, 65, 69,

72, 90corrosion in white water

Hypochlorites 3/ 62corrosion inhibition

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 41corrosion initiation methods

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 15corrosion (intergranular)

Mixed Acids 1/ 320, 335corrosion pit

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 85corrosion potential

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 43corrosion protection

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 21corrosion-protection coating

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 41corrosion-protection lining

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 242corrosion protection with diffusion coatings

Hypochlorites 3/ 35corrosion rate

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 183corrosion resistance

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 48, 121, 130, 158,184

corrosion testingSodium Hydroxide 1/ 20

corrosion underneath the coatingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 241

corrosive effectHypochlorites 3/ 10

cosmeticsPhosphoric Acid 3/ 166

cost comparisonHydrochloric Acid 2/ 241, 264

cost considerationsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 221

couch rollHypochlorites 3/ 62

country airHypochlorites 3/ 34

cover diaphragm cellsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 187

crack propagation rateHydrochloric Acid 2/ 250

crackingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 69, 72, 120–121,

157, 170

Subject index

12

crazesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 212

creep behaviorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 69, 71

creep rupture testHydrochloric Acid 2/ 217, 222

creep strengthHydrochloric Acid 2/ 214, 218, 221–222,

227creep tests

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 216crevice corrosion

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 72–73, 77, 112–113,149, 156

Mixed Acids 1/ 320crevice corrosion behavior

Hypochlorites 3/ 47, 81crevice corrosion (in H3PO4)

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 237, 247–248, 271,320, 327, 334, 336, 338, 349, 462

crevice corrosion (in hypochlorite solution)Hypochlorites 3/ 10, 43–44, 46, 53, 59,

61, 65, 67, 81, 83, 89crevice corrosion resistance

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 99, 149crevice corrosion temperature

Mixed Acids 1/ 316critical crevice corrosion temperature

Hypochlorites 3/ 47, 55, 71critical pitting corrosion potential

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 112critical pitting corrosion temperature

Hypochlorites 3/ 47, 54, 71critical potential range

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 43critical stress intensity factor

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 51cross-flow heat exchangers

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 180crude acid

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 355, 371, 373, 382crude oil

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 62–63crude oil extraction

Hypochlorites 3/ 6crude oil processing plant

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 63crude phosphates

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 161–162, 313–314,431, 462

crude phosphoric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 222, 255, 262,

265–266, 269–270, 274, 291, 296, 330,404, 406, 425, 431, 442, 446, 450

cryotechnical applicationsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 229

crystal violet (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 24

crystallinitySodium Hydroxide 1/ 171

crystallite melting temperatureHydrochloric Acid 2/ 207

CT specimensSodium Hydroxide 1/ 126

CuBe2Phosphoric Acid 3/ 377

curing agentHydrochloric Acid 2/ 233

current density/potential curveHydrochloric Acid 2/ 19, 22, 25, 38, 41,

48, 49, 61, 77, 90–91, 93, 151, 164,169, 198–199

current density-voltage curveMixed Acids 1/ 245

cuttingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 225

cutting toolsNitric Acid 2/ 468

CVD processSodium Hydroxide 1/ 196–197

cyanide electrolyteNitric Acid 2/ 292

2-Cyanopyridine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 34

cyclic bending testsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 78

cyclic temperature changeHydrochloric Acid 2/ 258

cypressMixed Acids 1/ 404

ddairy industry

Hypochlorites 3/ 61, 65Dakin’s solution

Hypochlorites 3/ 78damp chlorine

Hypochlorites 3/ 15, 24, 76damp chlorine gas

Hypochlorites 3/ 87, 90damper registers

Mixed Acids 1/ 398

Subject index

13

DBSO (as inhibitor)Phosphoric Acid 3/ 222

decomposerSodium Hydroxide 1/ 46

decompositionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 225

decomposition of residual austeniteHydrochloric Acid 2/ 76

decomposition tankPhosphoric Acid 3/ 313–314

decomposition temperatureHydrochloric Acid 2/ 227

decopperizingNitric Acid 2/ 300

decorative effectsNitric Acid 2/ 302

degradation (chemical)Mixed Acids 1/ 387

degradation (hydrolytic)Mixed Acids 1/ 388

degradation of plasticsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 11

degradation (oxidative)Mixed Acids 1/ 388

degradation (thermal)Mixed Acids 1/ 387

degradation (thermal oxidative)Mixed Acids 1/ 387

degreasing solutionsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 25

dehydrochlorinationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 214

delaminationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 240–241

denitration plantsNitric Acid 2/ 463

dental applicationsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 239

n-denzylquinoline chloride (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 78

depositsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 51, 57

desaltingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 63

descaleMixed Acids 1/ 236

descalingMixed Acids 1/ 342, 345Nitric Acid 2/ 410

descaling mordantsMixed Acids 1/ 345

desiccatorNitric Acid 2/ 431

desilverizedNitric Acid 2/ 292

detinningNitric Acid 2/ 432Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 142

dew pointMixed Acids 1/ 256Nitric Acid 2/ 350

dew point corrosionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 243

dew point of waterHydrochloric Acid 2/ 63

dew point regionMixed Acids 1/ 242, 256

dezincMixed Acids 1/ 246

dezincificationNitric Acid 2/ 450

dezincingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 55Hypochlorites 3/ 26Mixed Acids 1/ 247

2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine(as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 302

2,6-diamino-pyridine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 63, 65

diaphragm processSodium Hydroxide 1/ 7

diaphragmsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 247Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 150

dibenzyl sulfoxide (as inhibitor)Phosphoric Acid 3/ 222

dibutylthiourea (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 51–52

dichloroacetic acid (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 322–324

1,5-di-p-chlorophenyl-2,4-dithiomalonamide(as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 91

diethylamine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 24

differentiation testsMixed Acids 1/ 261

diffusionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 9, 211, 225, 240,

251, 258Mixed Acids 1/ 387

diffusion barrierHydrochloric Acid 2/ 244

diffusion boronizationPhosphoric Acid 3/ 222

Subject index

14

digestor agitatorMixed Acids 1/ 289

dihydrate processPhosphoric Acid 3/ 162

2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 298

dilute aqua regiaNitric Acid 2/ 429

dilute nitric acidNitric Acid 2/ 429

1,5-dimethoxyphenyl-2,4-dithiomalonamide(as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 91

dimethyl thiourea (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 322

dimethyl yellow (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 24

dimethylamine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 24

dimethylol thiourea (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 316

1,5-di-p-methylphenyl-2,4-dithiomalonamide(as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 91

DIN 50905Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 21

DIN 50905-2Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 21

DIN 50905-3Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 21

DIN 50915Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 58, 60

DIN 50920-1Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 21

diphenic acid (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 30

diphenyl thiourea (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 298, 308, 322

1,5-diphenyl-2,4-dithiomalonamide(as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 91

disinfectedHypochlorites 3/ 34

disinfected waterHypochlorites 3/ 34

disinfecting agentsHypochlorites 3/ 14

disinfecting effectHypochlorites 3/ 6, 9

disinfecting solutionHypochlorites 3/ 15

disinfectionHypochlorites 3/ 9, 16

disinfection agentsHypochlorites 3/ 6, 9

disinfection solutionHypochlorites 3/ 15, 66, 69, 86

dislocation etchingNitric Acid 2/ 309

dislocation structureNitric Acid 2/ 358

disodium phosphateSodium Hydroxide 1/ 25

dispersion annealingNitric Acid 2/ 410

dissolution potentialHydrochloric Acid 2/ 199

dissolved limeSodium Hydroxide 1/ 9

distillationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 62

distillation columnsMixed Acids 1/ 251Nitric Acid 2/ 289, 369

distillation unitsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 260

dithioglycolic acid (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 298, 308, 322

dithiooxamineSodium Hydroxide 1/ 38

n-dodecylpyridine chloride (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 78

n-dodecylquinoline bromide (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 78

Dorr-Oliver dihydrate processPhosphoric Acid 3/ 162

double superphosphatePhosphoric Acid 3/ 156

down time corrosionHypochlorites 3/ 10, 62

downdraft evaporatorSodium Hydroxide 1/ 108

downstream evaporatorsNitric Acid 2/ 463

drainage guttersMixed Acids 1/ 362

drainage pipeHypochlorites 3/ 104

drinking waterPhosphoric Acid 3/ 252

drop in hardnessHydrochloric Acid 2/ 74

droplet separatorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 223

drumMixed Acids 1/ 302

Subject index

15

drum concentratorPhosphoric Acid 3/ 373

dry blower dampersHydrochloric Acid 2/ 224

dry chlorineHypochlorites 3/ 90

dry chlorine gasHypochlorites 3/ 87

dry hypochloritesHypochlorites 3/ 28, 37, 39, 86, 90, 107,

118, 129drying agent

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 6drying tower

Mixed Acids 1/ 322Duranglas® apparatus

Nitric Acid 2/ 463dye penetration test

Mixed Acids 1/ 363dyes

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 23

eEau de Javelle

Hypochlorites 3/ 7Eau de Labarraque

Hypochlorites 3/ 8effusion

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 211effusion barrier

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 72ejectors

Hypochlorites 3/ 37elasiticity

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 222elasticity modulus

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 21, 211elastomers

Mixed Acids 1/ 384elbow

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 43electrical conductivity

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 12, 15, 133, 193electrical equipment

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 225electrical resistance

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 132electron-beam melting

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 133electrochemical chlorine production

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 156electrochemical etching

Nitric Acid 2/ 381, 428

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 38electrode

Nitric Acid 2/ 293electrode materials

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 23electrolysis

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 9electrolysis cell

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 61Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 146

electrolysis plantsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 225

electrolysis tankPhosphoric Acid 3/ 380

electrolyteNitric Acid 2/ 319

electrolyte cellNitric Acid 2/ 458

electrolytic conductivityHydrochloric Acid 2/ 6

electrolytic decompositionSodium Hydroxide 1/ 7

electrolytic polishingNitric Acid 2/ 310, 382

electrolytic processing of nickelNitric Acid 2/ 414

electronic assembliesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 12

electronic equipmentHydrochloric Acid 2/ 15, 40, 225

electronics industryMixed Acids 1/ 350

electroplatingMixed Acids 1/ 237, 304, 337, 346,

358–359electroplating industry

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 225electroplating plants

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 431electroplating process

Nitric Acid 2/ 299electropolishing

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 46, 48Nitric Acid 2/ 309, 318, 328Phosphoric Acid 3/ 176

electrosynthesisHypochlorites 3/ 6

electrothermal processPhosphoric Acid 3/ 316

elongationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 133

EMBI (as inhibitor)Phosphoric Acid 3/ 222

Subject index

16

embrittlementHydrochloric Acid 2/ 72, 120–121,

132–133, 143, 146, 167Hypochlorites 3/ 88Mixed Acids 1/ 345, 388

embrittlement coefficientNitric Acid 2/ 326

α-emitting wasteNitric Acid 2/ 435

emulsificationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 64

enamel coatingsMixed Acids 1/ 359Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 154

enamel corrosionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 191Mixed Acids 1/ 360

enamel fritSodium Hydroxide 1/ 154

enamelled apparatusNitric Acid 2/ 464–465

enamelled containerHydrochloric Acid 2/ 190

enamelled vesselsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 191

enamel-lined pulsed absorption traycolumnsNitric Acid 2/ 466

enamelling furnaceHydrochloric Acid 2/ 241

endurance testsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 216

eosineSodium Hydroxide 1/ 38

epoxide resin coatingSodium Hydroxide 1/ 151

equipmentHydrochloric Acid 2/ 225, 233

equipment made of tantalumHydrochloric Acid 2/ 132

eriochrome black T (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 24

erosionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 197

erosion-corrosionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 11, 76, 261

erosion-corrosion behaviorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 74

erosion-corrosion (in H3PO4)Phosphoric Acid 3/ 253, 296, 336

erosion-corrosion (in hypochlorite solution)Hypochlorites 3/ 61

erosion-corrosion resistanceHypochlorites 3/ 93

erosion resistanceHydrochloric Acid 2/ 197

erosion resistantHydrochloric Acid 2/ 153

etchingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 8Mixed Acids 1/ 236, 241Nitric Acid 2/ 292, 382Phosphoric Acid 3/ 408, 417–418Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 107

etching agentMixed Acids 1/ 358Nitric Acid 2/ 302, 309–310Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 141

etching attackSodium Hydroxide 1/ 107

etching operationNitric Acid 2/ 429

etching rateNitric Acid 2/ 457

etching residuesNitric Acid 2/ 301

etching solutionsNitric Acid 2/ 315, 382, 417, 429, 464

ethanol synthesis plantPhosphoric Acid 3/ 199

ethylamine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 24, 26–27Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 30

evaporating stageSodium Hydroxide 1/ 35

evaporation of concentrated nitric acidNitric Acid 2/ 466

evaporatorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 178, 189, 256Mixed Acids 1/ 289, 354Nitric Acid 2/ 386, 434, 438Phosphoric Acid 3/ 306, 311, 315Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 34–35, 63, 143,

189evaporator boiler

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 109evaporator pipes

Mixed Acids 1/ 333evaporator plants

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 108evaporator stage

Mixed Acids 1/ 356evaporator system

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 51

Subject index

17

evaporator unitsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 91

evolution of hydrogenHypochlorites 3/ 86Mixed Acids 1/ 344

exchange current densityHydrochloric Acid 2/ 156

explosive claddingMixed Acids 1/ 319, 410Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 109

explosively applied claddingNitric Acid 2/ 441

explosives industryNitric Acid 2/ 374, 400, 439

extinguishing agentsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 64

extraction agentNitric Acid 2/ 435

extraction plantsMixed Acids 1/ 274

extraction tanksMixed Acids 1/ 275

extrusionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 229

ffactories processing nitric acid

Nitric Acid 2/ 348falling film evaporator

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 163faraday law

Mixed Acids 1/ 350fatigue cracks

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 77FeCl3 test

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 104Hypochlorites 3/ 54–55

feed additivesPhosphoric Acid 3/ 166

feed waterSodium Hydroxide 1/ 77

δ-ferriteHydrochloric Acid 2/ 96

ferriteSodium Hydroxide 1/ 44

δ-ferrite attackHydrochloric Acid 2/ 96

δ-ferrite formationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 96

ferrite grainsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 44

fertilizer factoriesNitric Acid 2/ 396

fertilizer industryNitric Acid 2/ 367, 468Phosphoric Acid 3/ 156, 434

fertilizer productionPhosphoric Acid 3/ 304

fertilizer production plantNitric Acid 2/ 442

FGDMixed Acids 1/ 319

FGD mediaMixed Acids 1/ 316

FGD scrubberMixed Acids 1/ 318–319

FGDPMixed Acids 1/ 298, 316, 406

fiber contentHydrochloric Acid 2/ 248

fiber fracturesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 249

fiber orientationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 248

fiber sprayingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 248

fiber-reinforced compositesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 248

fiber-reinforced productsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 258

filiform corrosionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 15–16, 18

filler materialPhosphoric Acid 3/ 400

fillersHydrochloric Acid 2/ 207, 236Hypochlorites 3/ 107, 110, 117–118Mixed Acids 1/ 384Phosphoric Acid 3/ 331, 436

filling portsMixed Acids 1/ 333

filterMixed Acids 1/ 296

filter frameMixed Acids 1/ 289

filter materialPhosphoric Acid 3/ 429

filtrationHypochlorites 3/ 102

filtration propertiesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 197

filtration stageMixed Acids 1/ 289

first ply failureHydrochloric Acid 2/ 249

Subject index

18

fittingsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 179, 189, 233, 256,

259, 261, 262, 265Phosphoric Acid 3/ 380

fixed-cover tankNitric Acid 2/ 348

flame sprayingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 241

flame-pyrolysis decompositionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 242

flat sealsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 246–247, 263

flexural loadingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 237

flexural strengthMixed Acids 1/ 388

floor coveringsMixed Acids 1/ 362

Florida acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 294, 358–359, 366,

388, 396, 400flow of cooling water

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 66flow rate

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 158flue gas cleaning

Mixed Acids 1/ 316flue gas cleaning plants

Mixed Acids 1/ 237flue gas desulfurisation engineering

Mixed Acids 1/ 410flue gas desulfurisation plant

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 260Mixed Acids 1/ 298, 316, 319

flue gasesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 7, 161, 235

fluidised bed sinteringHydrochloric Acid 2/ 241

fluorinated polymersMixed Acids 1/ 409

fluoropolymer liningHydrochloric Acid 2/ 246, 258

fluorosilicic acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 222

fly ashHydrochloric Acid 2/ 163Mixed Acids 1/ 242, 256

foil liningHydrochloric Acid 2/ 244

food gradePhosphoric Acid 3/ 165

food industryHydrochloric Acid 2/ 9Mixed Acids 1/ 286Nitric Acid 2/ 302Phosphoric Acid 3/ 166Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 88

food processingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 11

foodstuffsMixed Acids 1/ 363

foodstuffs industryPhosphoric Acid 3/ 166, 276, 304–305,

436forced circulation evaporator

Nitric Acid 2/ 435formation of blisters

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 212fractionating column

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 62–63, 63–64fracture strength

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 197fracture stress

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 233free corrosion

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 125free corrosion potential

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 113Phosphoric Acid 3/ 379Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 20, 74

free of poresHydrochloric Acid 2/ 257

freezing curveHydrochloric Acid 2/ 5

freezing pointHydrochloric Acid 2/ 5

friction bearing materialMixed Acids 1/ 246

fructose (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 317

fuchsine acid (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 24

fuchsine (basic) (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 24

fuel cellsPhosphoric Acid 3/ 175, 385, 405, 418

fuel elementsNitric Acid 2/ 385, 421, 424

fuel element sheathsNitric Acid 2/ 436

fuel gas desulfurisation plantsMixed Acids 1/ 406

fuel rodNitric Acid 2/ 454, 467

Subject index

19

fume hoodsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 235

fuming hydrochloric acidHydrochloric Acid 2/ 4

fuming nitric acidNitric Acid 2/ 288, 307, 433, 435, 452,

459, 461, 470fungicide

Hypochlorites 3/ 109, 1242-furancarboxyaldehyde-

(2′-pyridylhydrazone) (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 37

furfuryl aldehydeSodium Hydroxide 1/ 38

ggalactose (as inhibitor)

Nitric Acid 2/ 317gallic acid (as inhibitor)

Nitric Acid 2/ 318galvanic anodes

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 22galvanic coating

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 69galvanic corrosion

Hypochlorites 3/ 62Nitric Acid 2/ 451Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 20

galvanic currentHydrochloric Acid 2/ 144

galvanic elementHydrochloric Acid 2/ 55

galvanic engineeringMixed Acids 1/ 304

galvanic zinc coatingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 72

gas filter elementHydrochloric Acid 2/ 197

gas nitridingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 158

gas preheaterHydrochloric Acid 2/ 42

gas turbine industryHydrochloric Acid 2/ 110

gas washer towerPhosphoric Acid 3/ 380

gaseous nitric acidNitric Acid 2/ 406, 461

gasketsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 134

gasometer systemHydrochloric Acid 2/ 42

gelatine (as inhibitor)Phosphoric Acid 3/ 224

glass apparatusNitric Acid 2/ 463

glass coatingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 189, 256

glass corrosionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 185

glass corrosion mechanismHydrochloric Acid 2/ 184

glass equipmentHydrochloric Acid 2/ 187

glass fiber-reinforced coatingsPhosphoric Acid 3/ 425

glass fibresHydrochloric Acid 2/ 248, 249Hypochlorites 3/ 101, 118–119Mixed Acids 1/ 410Phosphoric Acid 3/ 440Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 153

glass pipe systemHydrochloric Acid 2/ 134

glass structureHydrochloric Acid 2/ 175

glass temperatureHydrochloric Acid 2/ 208, 215

glass-fiber-reinforced bellowsNitric Acid 2/ 348

glass-fiber reinforcementHydrochloric Acid 2/ 224

glass-forming metal oxidesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 176

glow dischargeHydrochloric Acid 2/ 158

glucose (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 317Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 38

gold sealsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 159

grain boundariesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 147Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 118–119, 159

graphite anodeSodium Hydroxide 1/ 146

graphite columnsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 7

graphite electrodesSodium Hydroxide 1/ 146

graphite filmNitric Acid 2/ 460

graphite heat exchangersHydrochloric Acid 2/ 180Phosphoric Acid 3/ 448

Subject index

20

graphite productsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 178

graphite pumpsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 201

graphite sealsNitric Acid 2/ 461

graphited cordNitric Acid 2/ 461

green chromatingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 16

green deathMixed Acids 1/ 314–315, 319, 321

grinding bodiesPhosphoric Acid 3/ 250–251

GRP constructionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 258

GRP linerHydrochloric Acid 2/ 258

gypsum depositsMixed Acids 1/ 316

hH stage

Hypochlorites 3/ 71haloacetic acids (as inhibitor)

Nitric Acid 2/ 299hammer works

Mixed Acids 1/ 333hand-laid lamination

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 241hard-chrome plating

Mixed Acids 1/ 398hard chromium coating

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 43hard coal

Mixed Acids 1/ 298hard coal-fired power stations

Mixed Acids 1/ 316hard gold layer

Nitric Acid 2/ 311hard rubber

Mixed Acids 1/ 403hard rubber coating

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 236, 244hard rubber lining

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 265hardenable spring alloy

Nitric Acid 2/ 427Haveg® 60

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 425hazardous materials ordinance

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 4, 252

HCCHydrochloric Acid 2/ 258

HCl absorptionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 180, 255

HCl concentrationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 180, 255

HCl diffusionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 240, 250

HCl gas permeabilityHydrochloric Acid 2/ 255

HCl initiationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 18

HCl permeationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 237, 260

HCl productionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 180

HCl recoveryHydrochloric Acid 2/ 201, 255

HCl solubilityHydrochloric Acid 2/ 9

HCl sourceHydrochloric Acid 2/ 7

HCl strippingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 180, 255

HCl synthesis plantHydrochloric Acid 2/ 179

HCl testHydrochloric Acid 2/ 15

HCl vapor pressureHydrochloric Acid 2/ 257

health riskHydrochloric Acid 2/ 258

heat-affected zoneHydrochloric Acid 2/ 103Nitric Acid 2/ 358Phosphoric Acid 3/ 261

heat exchanger jacketsNitric Acid 2/ 348

heat exchanger tubesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 67, 72, 149

heat exchangersHydrochloric Acid 2/ 7, 54, 66, 68, 74, 80,

132, 153, 157, 166, 178, 189, 240, 241,256, 260

Mixed Acids 1/ 242, 256, 289Nitric Acid 2/ 432, 434, 439, 448, 460,

461Phosphoric Acid 3/ 306, 316, 381, 401,

417Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 37, 77, 143, 151,

182heat generation method

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 34, 35

Subject index

21

heat transferHydrochloric Acid 2/ 12, 80

heat transfer agentNitric Acid 2/ 349

heat transfer systemMixed Acids 1/ 322

heat treatmentSodium Hydroxide 1/ 117–118, 133–134

heated steamHydrochloric Acid 2/ 63

heaterHydrochloric Acid 2/ 223Mixed Acids 1/ 333

heating elementsMixed Acids 1/ 354

heating pipesMixed Acids 1/ 242, 289

heating steam coilsNitric Acid 2/ 351, 386

heat-treated stateHydrochloric Acid 2/ 49

heat-treated steelsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 66

heavy metal ionsHypochlorites 3/ 70, 129Mixed Acids 1/ 236, 334

heavy metal residuesHypochlorites 3/ 38

heavy oilHydrochloric Acid 2/ 14

hexamine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 95Nitric Acid 2/ 317

high-energy fuelsNitric Acid 2/ 456

highly concentrated nitric acidNitric Acid 2/ 360

high-performance alloysHydrochloric Acid 2/ 110

high-performance ceramicSodium Hydroxide 1/ 168

high-performance materialSodium Hydroxide 1/ 159

high-performance plasticsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 230

high-speed steelsNitric Acid 2/ 411

high-temperature creepNitric Acid 2/ 309

high-temperature reactorsNitric Acid 2/ 462

high-temperature resistanceHydrochloric Acid 2/ 130

high-temperature waterHydrochloric Acid 2/ 135Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 128

high-temperature-β-mixed crystalHydrochloric Acid 2/ 149

Hoechst processPhosphoric Acid 3/ 165

HOKO processNitric Acid 2/ 348

hole spot weldingMixed Acids 1/ 318

hollow sampleSodium Hydroxide 1/ 95

homogenisation treatmentHydrochloric Acid 2/ 97

hose engineeringHydrochloric Acid 2/ 247

hosesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 226, 259

hot extractionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 55

hot gas welding processHydrochloric Acid 2/ 245

hot pressingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 198

hot-roll claddingMixed Acids 1/ 319

hot rollingMixed Acids 1/ 410

hot-pressing processHydrochloric Acid 2/ 248

hot vulcanisationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 236, 257

housingNitric Acid 2/ 348

HPSMixed Acids 1/ 405

H-SCCSodium Hydroxide 1/ 15

H.T.H.®

Hypochlorites 3/ 8Huey test

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 72Nitric Acid 2/ 289, 338, 340–341, 346,

353–355, 357–359, 368, 379, 386–396,399, 403, 405–406, 408, 418

humidityHydrochloric Acid 2/ 14, 64

HVOFMixed Acids 1/ 405

hydrationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 184

Subject index

22

hydrazine sulfate (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 324, 470

hydroabrasion apparatusHydrochloric Acid 2/ 158

hydrochloric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 172–173

hydrochloric acid engineeringHydrochloric Acid 2/ 256, 260

hydrochloric acid equipmentHydrochloric Acid 2/ 226, 258

hydrochloric acid pickling bathsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 56

hydrochloric acid productionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 7

hydrochloric acid pumpsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 230

hydrochloric acid recoveryHydrochloric Acid 2/ 225

hydrochloric acid separationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 227

hydrochloric acid separatorsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 260

hydrochloric acid solutionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 206

hydrochloric acid storage tanksHydrochloric Acid 2/ 244

hydrochloric and chromic acidHydrochloric Acid 2/ 46, 48

hydrochloric and nitric acidHydrochloric Acid 2/ 46, 48, 80–83,

105–106, 109hydrochloric and phosphoric acid

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 91hydrochloric, nitric and sulfuric acid

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 89hydrochlorination

Hypochlorites 3/ 9hydrofluoric acid

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 212Hypochlorites 3/ 93

hydrofluorocarbonsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 64

hydrogen absorptionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 11, 56–57, 72,

131–133, 143Hypochlorites 3/ 88

hydrogen adsorptionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 169

hydrogen-assisted stress corrosion crackingSodium Hydroxide 1/ 15, 53

hydrogen attackHydrochloric Acid 2/ 189

hydrogen chloride gasHydrochloric Acid 2/ 4

hydrogen chloride vaporhydrogen-containing atmosphere

Nitric Acid 2/ 350hydrogen-induced crack formation

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 61hydrogen-induced cracking

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 69, 72Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 241, 244

hydrogen contentHydrochloric Acid 2/ 132

hydrogen effusionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 69

hydrogen embrittlementHydrochloric Acid 2/ 7, 126, 130–132,

143, 147, 167, 170, 255Hypochlorites 3/ 86Mixed Acids 1/ 339–340, 343–344, 347,

350–351hydrogen embrittlement fractures

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 170hydrogen evolution

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 42, 88hydrogen generation

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 34hydrogen ion activity

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 193, 201hydrogen liberation

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 35–36, 38hydrogen overpotential

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 27, 131hydrogen permeation

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 11hydrogen peroxide

Mixed Acids 1/ 296hydrogen reference electrode

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 20hydrogen source

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 132hydrogen uptake

Mixed Acids 1/ 344–345Nitric Acid 2/ 444–445

hydrolysisHydrochloric Acid 2/ 59, 62, 157, 184,

214–215, 223, 226, 234hydrolysis resistance

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 59, 215–216, 231hydrolytic degradation

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 9, 214, 215, 234,240, 249

hydrophilic mediumHydrochloric Acid 2/ 234

Subject index

23

m-hydroxybenzoic acid (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 30

p-hydroxybenzoic acid (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 30

hypochloriteMixed Acids 1/ 296

hypochlorite bleachHypochlorites 3/ 61, 78

hypochlorite bleaching solutionHypochlorites 3/ 98

hypochlorite solutionHypochlorites 3/ 107

hypochlorous acidHypochlorites 3/ 6

iIG process

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 164immersion bath heater

Mixed Acids 1/ 237, 304, 346immersion test

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 23impact strength

Mixed Acids 1/ 388impact toughness

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 216, 233impedance measurement

Mixed Acids 1/ 406impedance spectroscopy

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 164impeller

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 201implant steels

Nitric Acid 2/ 401impregnating agent

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 178impregnation

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 179impregnation agent

Mixed Acids 1/ 354, 415impregnation with synthetic resin

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 180impressed current process

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 22impurities (in HCl)

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 11, 124, 253, 257incineration of waste

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 161indentation hardness

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 216indole (as inhibitor)

Nitric Acid 2/ 332

indoor swimming poolHypochlorites 3/ 16, 72

industrial airHypochlorites 3/ 34Mixed Acids 1/ 242, 256

industrial atmosphereHydrochloric Acid 2/ 15, 161, 163

industrial nitric acidNitric Acid 2/ 303

industrial phosphoric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 243, 245, 260–261,

272, 277–278, 289, 292, 307, 317, 320,329, 331, 338–339

industrial waste gasMixed Acids 1/ 358

industrially pure phosphoric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 195–196

inert gas weldingMixed Acids 1/ 333

influence of hydrogen peroxideNitric Acid 2/ 445

inhibiting effectNitric Acid 2/ 470

inhibitionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 30, 91, 190–191,

194Nitric Acid 2/ 298, 441Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 29

inhibition effectHydrochloric Acid 2/ 23, 27, 30, 93

inhibition efficiencyHydrochloric Acid 2/ 27, 30, 34, 39, 52,

57, 64, 65, 78–79, 91, 93, 165Nitric Acid 2/ 299–300, 300, 308,

316–317, 317–318, 321, 328, 331, 334,429, 441

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 196, 198, 222, 225inhibitive action

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 23inhibitor addition

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 43inhibitor concentration

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 27, 34, 41

Subject index

24

inhibitorsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 10, 27, 34–35, 37,

39–40, 42, 51–52, 56–57, 63–64, 77,92–93, 95, 148, 164–165

Hypochlorites 3/ 73Mixed Acids 1/ 242, 244, 251, 289Nitric Acid 2/ 298–299, 300, 308,

316–317, 317–318, 321–325, 328,331–332, 334

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 173, 196, 198, 222,224–225, 302

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 25, 29, 36–37, 74inhibitors for carbon steel

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 63injection moulding

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 229inorganic fillers

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 436intensity/depth profile

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 136intercrystalline corrosion

Nitric Acid 2/ 297, 302, 307–308, 336,338–340, 342, 346, 348, 352, 358, 360,363–367, 374, 381, 388, 393, 396, 417,419, 427

intercrystalline corrosion in boiling nitricacidNitric Acid 2/ 354

intercrystalline corrosion (in H3PO4)Phosphoric Acid 3/ 261, 289, 310, 331,

334, 349, 418intercrystalline corrosion on weld seams

Nitric Acid 2/ 353intercrystalline stress corrosion cracking

(in H3PO4)Phosphoric Acid 3/ 347

interface corrosionMixed Acids 1/ 271

intergranular attackHydrochloric Acid 2/ 168

intergranular brittle fracturesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 146

intergranular corrosionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 103, 116, 123, 168Mixed Acids 1/ 290Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 119, 128

intergranular corrosion (in hypochloritesolution)Hypochlorites 3/ 59, 81

intergranular cracking (in HCl)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 147, 169

intergranular fractureHydrochloric Acid 2/ 147

intergranular hydrogen embrittlementHydrochloric Acid 2/ 146

intergranular stress corrosion crackingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 157Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 16

intergranular susceptibilityHydrochloric Acid 2/ 123, 198

intermetallic phaseHydrochloric Acid 2/ 72, 103, 120–121,

124, 199internal liner

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 251, 258internal pipe coating

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 241iodoacetic acid (as inhibitor)

Nitric Acid 2/ 299ion-exchange phase

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 190ion exchange

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 251ionising radiation

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 174iron impurities

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 41iron inclusions

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 157iron migration

Mixed Acids 1/ 318, 410isatin (as inhibitor)

Nitric Acid 2/ 308isatin-3-(3-thiosemi-carbazone) (as inhibitor)

Nitric Acid 2/ 308ISO 11782-1

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 21ISO 11782-2

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 21isocorrosion curve

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 79isocorrosion diagram

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 100, 144

jJavelle water

Hypochlorites 3/ 7jet engine

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 31, 166

kKeller’s solution

Nitric Acid 2/ 307Keramchemie-Lurgi process

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 201

Subject index

25

kerogenNitric Acid 2/ 379

kerosine-water mixtureHydrochloric Acid 2/ 63

Kesternich testHydrochloric Acid 2/ 160

knife-line corrosionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 123Nitric Acid 2/ 352, 359, 373

KOClHypochlorites 3/ 7

lLabarraques solution

Hypochlorites 3/ 8laboratory equipment

Mixed Acids 1/ 382lack of pores

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 241lamellar graphite

Nitric Acid 2/ 336laminate coatings

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 240–241laminate composites

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 248laminate structure

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 251last ply failure

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 249lauryl acid (as inhibitor)

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 30, 33lead chamber process

Mixed Acids 1/ 337lead coatings

Nitric Acid 2/ 300leakage current

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 132level of curing

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 251liberation of hydrogen

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 27, 159liberation of oxygen

Hypochlorites 3/ 6light water reactor

Nitric Acid 2/ 447light-stabilisers

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 172lime sludge

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 96lime-soda process

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 9limestone suspension

Mixed Acids 1/ 316

linear polarisationSodium Hydroxide 1/ 62

linerHydrochloric Acid 2/ 242, 257

lining materialHydrochloric Acid 2/ 228

liningsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 80, 227, 236, 242Hypochlorites 3/ 126Mixed Acids 1/ 333Phosphoric Acid 3/ 452Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 209

lip sealsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 247

liquid fertilizerPhosphoric Acid 3/ 163, 166

litharge lead plateHydrochloric Acid 2/ 156

lithium hypochlorite solutionHypochlorites 3/ 114, 116

LITHSOLVENT®

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 92–93local corrosion

Mixed Acids 1/ 237, 316local element

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 19, 23, 157longitudinal welding seam

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 157long-term behavior

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 215–216loop samples

Nitric Acid 2/ 327loose linings

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 245Losantin®

Hypochlorites 3/ 8low-pressure turbine

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 65low-temperature properties

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 222LPPS

Mixed Acids 1/ 405LPVCD

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 196

mmachine factories

Nitric Acid 2/ 308machine part

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 225machining

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 258

Subject index

26

macromoleculeHydrochloric Acid 2/ 206, 213

magnesium hypochloriteHypochlorites 3/ 7

main fields of utilisationSodium Hydroxide 1/ 10

maize extractNitric Acid 2/ 316

malachite green (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 24

Mannheim processHydrochloric Acid 2/ 8

mannose (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 317

manual arc weldingMixed Acids 1/ 321, 333Nitric Acid 2/ 362

manufactureSodium Hydroxide 1/ 6

marine atmosphereHydrochloric Acid 2/ 15

maritime airHypochlorites 3/ 34

martensite decompositionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 74

masonry liningsMixed Acids 1/ 362

mat laminateHydrochloric Acid 2/ 241

material for screwsHypochlorites 3/ 76

matrix fracturesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 249

MAWMixed Acids 1/ 321, 333

mechanical polishingNitric Acid 2/ 382

mechanical propertiesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 48, 180

medical implantHydrochloric Acid 2/ 239Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 146

mediterranean countriesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 181

melt-spin processHydrochloric Acid 2/ 170

membrane electrolysisSodium Hydroxide 1/ 7

membrane processSodium Hydroxide 1/ 146

mercaptobenzimidazole (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 321

2-mercaptobenzothiazole (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 321

mercury processSodium Hydroxide 1/ 7

metal recoveryMixed Acids 1/ 237

metal sheetingMixed Acids 1/ 318

metal wasteMixed Acids 1/ 305

metallo-ceramic productsPhosphoric Acid 3/ 418

metallic coatingsPhosphoric Acid 3/ 452Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 21, 189, 208

metallic sprayed coatingsPhosphoric Acid 3/ 452

metallurgyMixed Acids 1/ 237

metal-non-metal compositesSodium Hydroxide 1/ 195, 209

metal-steel compositesSodium Hydroxide 1/ 195, 209

methanol-hydrochloric acid solutionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 146

methanol/nitric acidNitric Acid 2/ 293

1-p-methoxyphenyl-3-formamidine-thiocarbamide (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 299

methyl red (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 24

methyl violet 6B (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 24

methylamineSodium Hydroxide 1/ 30

methylamine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 24, 26–27

n-methylaniline (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 325

Mg(OCl)2Hypochlorites 3/ 7

microcrackHydrochloric Acid 2/ 179

microorganismsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 211Hypochlorites 3/ 10Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 174

microsealingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 246

microstructural stateMixed Acids 1/ 320

Subject index

27

β-microstructural stateHydrochloric Acid 2/ 150

milling (chemical)Mixed Acids 1/ 236, 342

mineral acidNitric Acid 2/ 288

mineral digestion industryHydrochloric Acid 2/ 11

mirror finishMixed Acids 1/ 265

miscibility gapHydrochloric Acid 2/ 6

mixed acid vaporsMixed Acids 1/ 252

mixed acidsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 81

mixed city-industrial atmosphereHydrochloric Acid 2/ 15

mixed metal oxideHydrochloric Acid 2/ 20

mixersHydrochloric Acid 2/ 153

mixing vatMixed Acids 1/ 250

modified Huey testNitric Acid 2/ 417

moisture separatorPhosphoric Acid 3/ 373

molecular chainsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 206

molecular structureHydrochloric Acid 2/ 206Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 171

molybdenum carbideHydrochloric Acid 2/ 123

molybdenum depletionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 123

mordantsMixed Acids 1/ 251, 253, 262–263, 277,

344, 354, 407, 413MoSi2 layers

Nitric Acid 2/ 412moulded ceramic bricks

Mixed Acids 1/ 354Müller-Kühne process

Nitric Acid 2/ 401multilayer composite

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 249multilayer lining

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 245, 246multilayer rubber coating

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 261

muriatic acidHydrochloric Acid 2/ 4

nNaCl initiation

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 18NaCl test

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 15NaOCl

Hypochlorites 3/ 6NaOH melt

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 63, 71, 74, 93,110–111, 137, 139, 141–142, 148, 151,162, 164, 205

Na2HPO4 (as inhibitor)Phosphoric Acid 3/ 224

1.8-naphthalic acid (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 30

naphthotriazole (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 322

1,2-naphthotriazole (as inhibitor)Phosphoric Acid 3/ 196

α-naphthylamine (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 317, 325

natrium causticumSodium Hydroxide 1/ 4

natrium hydricumSodium Hydroxide 1/ 4

natural gasMixed Acids 1/ 242

natural gas condensateMixed Acids 1/ 242, 256

Nernst equationSodium Hydroxide 1/ 12

neutralisationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 8, 63, 228

neutraliserHydrochloric Acid 2/ 63

neutralising agentHydrochloric Acid 2/ 63

nickel coatingSodium Hydroxide 1/ 109, 189, 192

nickel layerNitric Acid 2/ 414

nickel materialHypochlorites 3/ 48–53

nickel pipesSodium Hydroxide 1/ 35

nickel tanksSodium Hydroxide 1/ 109

nickel-copper-phosphorus coatingsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 189

Subject index

28

nickel-phosphorus coatingsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 189

nickel-plating bathsMixed Acids 1/ 354

3-nicotinamide (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 34

nicotinic acidNitric Acid 2/ 292

NiP coatingsPhosphoric Acid 3/ 452, 453

Nissan processPhosphoric Acid 3/ 337

nitrating acidMixed Acids 1/ 243, 265, 290, 403

nitrating acid tankMixed Acids 1/ 247

nitrating centrifugeMixed Acids 1/ 251

nitrating vesselsMixed Acids 1/ 265

nitrating worksMixed Acids 1/ 404

nitrationMixed Acids 1/ 236, 265–266

nitration of organic substancesNitric Acid 2/ 463

nitric acidNitric Acid 2/ 442

nitric acid + ammoniaNitric Acid 2/ 456

nitric acid + gasolineNitric Acid 2/ 456

nitric acid and hydrogen fluorideNitric Acid 2/ 432

nitric acid (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 442

nitric acid condensateNitric Acid 2/ 368

nitric acid factoriesNitric Acid 2/ 440

nitric acid industryNitric Acid 2/ 289, 336

nitric acid plantsNitric Acid 2/ 348, 463

nitric acid pumpsNitric Acid 2/ 348

nitric acid vapor testNitric Acid 2/ 431

nitric and glacial acetic acidNitric Acid 2/ 459

nitric and hydrochloric acidNitric Acid 2/ 307, 310, 329, 333, 382,

402, 411, 414, 424, 428–430, 434,442–443, 448, 462, 466, 469–470,473–474

nitric and hydrofluoric acidHydrochloric Acid 2/ 105, 109–110Nitric Acid 2/ 307, 313–315, 342–343,

371–372, 381–382, 397–399, 414–417,421, 424–425, 428, 434, 443–445,454–456, 460, 467, 469–470, 473–474

nitric and phosphoric acidHydrochloric Acid 2/ 46–47Nitric Acid 2/ 310, 319, 403, 428, 463,

468nitric and sulfuric acid

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 105, 108–109Mixed Acids 1/ 257Nitric Acid 2/ 307, 334, 336, 343–345,

375–377, 400–401, 424, 428, 435,442–443, 461, 463, 468–469, 475

nitric, hydrochloric and phosphoric acidNitric Acid 2/ 403

nitric, hydrochloric and sulphuric acidNitric Acid 2/ 382

nitric, hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acidNitric Acid 2/ 310

nitric, hydrofluoric and sulphuric acidNitric Acid 2/ 434, 464

nitridingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 158–159

nitriding temperatureHydrochloric Acid 2/ 159

p-nitroaniline (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 323–325

nitrobenzoic acidSodium Hydroxide 1/ 25

nitrocelluloseMixed Acids 1/ 251

nitrogen atmosphereNitric Acid 2/ 466

nitrogen compoundsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 63

p-nitrohydroxy-benzoic acid (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 308

nitrous gasesNitric Acid 2/ 375

non-aeratedPhosphoric Acid 3/ 187

non-aerated phosphoric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 184, 193

non-agitated phosphoric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 193

Subject index

29

non-amphoteric metalsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 13

noble metal saltsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 148

nodular graphiteNitric Acid 2/ 336

non-metallic coatingsPhosphoric Acid 3/ 452

notch impact toughnessHydrochloric Acid 2/ 216

notched bar impact strengthMixed Acids 1/ 388

notched impact strengthNitric Acid 2/ 360

nozzlesSodium Hydroxide 1/ 166

nuclear energy plantsNitric Acid 2/ 349

nuclear fuel reprocessingNitric Acid 2/ 450

nuclear fuel rodsNitric Acid 2/ 454

nuclear fuelsNitric Acid 2/ 288, 372, 447–448

nuclear materialMixed Acids 1/ 339

nuclear power stationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 97

nuclear reactor constructionNitric Acid 2/ 450

nuclear reactor industryNitric Acid 2/ 355

nuclear reactorsMixed Acids 1/ 347Nitric Acid 2/ 382, 421, 441

nuclear wasteMixed Acids 1/ 339

nutsHypochlorites 3/ 88, 90Mixed Acids 1/ 333

ooffset yield strength

Nitric Acid 2/ 346oil

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 77oil ash particles

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 163oil distillation

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 62oil industry

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 63–64

oil productionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 77

oil refineryHydrochloric Acid 2/ 63, 66, 72

oil supply lineSodium Hydroxide 1/ 31

open-air weathering testHydrochloric Acid 2/ 15

operating temperatureHydrochloric Acid 2/ 227–228, 231

organic coatingSodium Hydroxide 1/ 21, 188, 208

organic fillersPhosphoric Acid 3/ 436

organic matrix materialHydrochloric Acid 2/ 248

organic wasteNitric Acid 2/ 435

O-ringsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 247, 263

orthopaedicsNitric Acid 2/ 314

orthophosphoric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 386

oscillation loadHydrochloric Acid 2/ 214

overhead streamsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 62

overheatingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 246

overpicklingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 10

overvoltageHydrochloric Acid 2/ 156

over-vulcanisationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 257

oxalic acidMixed Acids 1/ 290

oxidationHypochlorites 3/ 9

oxidation (anodic)Mixed Acids 1/ 241

oxidation resistanceHydrochloric Acid 2/ 215

oxidative degradationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 9, 215, 215, 234

oxide coatingPhosphoric Acid 3/ 222

oxide layerHydrochloric Acid 2/ 143, 153Mixed Acids 1/ 245

Subject index

30

oxidizing agentHydrochloric Acid 2/ 148Hypochlorites 3/ 6, 43Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 37

oxidizing impuritiesPhosphoric Acid 3/ 368

oxidizing ionsNitric Acid 2/ 448

oxygen bleachHypochlorites 3/ 8

oxygen corrosionMixed Acids 1/ 244

ozoneNitric Acid 2/ 380

ppackaging material

Mixed Acids 1/ 398Nitric Acid 2/ 302

packaging plasticHydrochloric Acid 2/ 232

packing materialsMixed Acids 1/ 404

packingsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 247

PACVDSodium Hydroxide 1/ 196

painted coatingHypochlorites 3/ 17

paper and pulp industryMixed Acids 1/ 315Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 145

paper bleachHypochlorites 3/ 80

paper industryHydrochloric Acid 2/ 228Hypochlorites 3/ 38, 62, 68, 76, 93Mixed Acids 1/ 237, 246

paper manufacturerMixed Acids 1/ 296

paper millHydrochloric Acid 2/ 96

paper plantMixed Acids 1/ 298

paper-cellulose slurryHypochlorites 3/ 80

particle-reinforced compositesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 248

passivationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 148, 157, 198Mixed Acids 1/ 275, 288Nitric Acid 2/ 288Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 74

passivation behaviorSodium Hydroxide 1/ 40

passivation of chromium steelNitric Acid 2/ 345

passivatorNitric Acid 2/ 335

passive current densitiesMixed Acids 1/ 245

passive layerHydrochloric Acid 2/ 87, 130, 136, 143,

175Hypochlorites 3/ 14Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 142, 144

passive rangeMixed Acids 1/ 275Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 45, 51, 92, 115,

125, 137passivity

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 154paste extrusion

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 227Pauling tower

Mixed Acids 1/ 251PE bag

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 427penetration composites

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 248penetration rates

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 216Perchloron®

Hypochlorites 3/ 8peristaltic pump

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 261permanent die casting

Nitric Acid 2/ 303permeability

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 9, 180permeation

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 212, 212, 241Mixed Acids 1/ 387Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 175

permeation abilityHydrochloric Acid 2/ 6

permeation coefficientHydrochloric Acid 2/ 212, 227

permeation effectHydrochloric Acid 2/ 9, 212

petroleum distillation unitsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 74

petroleum productionNitric Acid 2/ 406

pharmaceutical industryHydrochloric Acid 2/ 256

Subject index

31

pharmaceuticalsMixed Acids 1/ 363

α-phaseHydrochloric Acid 2/ 149

µ-phaseHydrochloric Acid 2/ 103

ω-phaseHydrochloric Acid 2/ 149

o-phenetidine (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 317, 325

p-phenetidine (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 299

phenol epoxide resinsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 196

phenols (as inhibitor)Phosphoric Acid 3/ 174

phenyl thiourea (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 322

m-phenylenediamine (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 323

o-phenylenediamine (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 323, 328

phenylhydrazine (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 324–325

phenylthiourea (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 298, 325

phloroglucineSodium Hydroxide 1/ 38

phosphate chromationNitric Acid 2/ 302

phosphate fertiliserHydrochloric Acid 2/ 90

phosphate fertilizer productionPhosphoric Acid 3/ 381

phosphate oresMixed Acids 1/ 258, 331

phosphate rockHydrochloric Acid 2/ 90Phosphoric Acid 3/ 250–252, 336, 355

phosphatizationPhosphoric Acid 3/ 406

phosphoric acidMixed Acids 1/ 331, 333Phosphoric Acid 3/ 171–173, 187, 225,

248phosphoric acid + ammonium nitrate +

ammonium sulfate + nitric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 206

phosphoric acid + ammonium sulfate +sulfuric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 206

phosphoric acid + calcium sulphate +sulfuric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 207

phosphoric acid + fluorosilicic acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 225

phosphoric acid + hydrogen fluoridePhosphoric Acid 3/ 225

phosphoric acid (analytically pure)Phosphoric Acid 3/ 286–287

phosphoric acid and hydrogen halidesPhosphoric Acid 3/ 210, 212, 214

phosphoric acid and sodium chloridePhosphoric Acid 3/ 215

phosphoric acid (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 470Phosphoric Acid 3/ 173

phosphoric acid (chemically pure)Phosphoric Acid 3/ 202

phosphoric acid (industrial)Phosphoric Acid 3/ 205, 243, 245,

260–261, 272, 277–278, 289, 292–293,307, 317, 320, 329, 331, 338–339

phosphoric acid industryPhosphoric Acid 3/ 331, 437, 453

phosphoric acid mistPhosphoric Acid 3/ 201

phosphoric acid plantMixed Acids 1/ 256, 258, 301–302, 356

phosphoric acid plantsPhosphoric Acid 3/ 401, 431, 434

phosphoric acid processing plantMixed Acids 1/ 289

phosphoric acid productionMixed Acids 1/ 333, 354, 403, 413Phosphoric Acid 3/ 291, 306, 329, 354,

360phosphoric acid (pure)

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 226, 228, 239, 330,341–343, 345–348, 351–358, 367–368,370–372, 382–383, 386–387, 390–392,395–396, 401–404, 406–407, 409,411–412, 414–415, 417–418, 421, 428,430, 455, 462

phosphoric acid tankerPhosphoric Acid 3/ 455

phosphoric acid vaporPhosphoric Acid 3/ 185–186

phosphoric acid waste waterPhosphoric Acid 3/ 250, 252, 254

phosphoric and chromic acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 207

phosphoric and hexafluorosilicic acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 375

Subject index

32

phosphoric and hydrofluoric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 208, 362–364,

372–373, 429phosphoric and nitric acid

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 262, 264, 442phosphoric and sulfuric acid

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 176, 190–191, 215,248, 250, 308–310, 315, 363–365, 368,377, 462

phosphoric, fluorosilicic and chromic acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 208

phosphoric, hydrochloric and chromic acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 172

phosphoric, hydrochloric and sulfuric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 316, 386

phosphoric, hydrofluoric and nitric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 210

phosphoric, hydrofluoric and sulfuric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 262, 265, 291

phosphoric, hydrofluoric, nitric and sulfuricacidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 210

phosphoric, nitric and sulfuric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 214

phosphoric, sulfuric and chromic acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 207

phosphoric, sulfuric and hexafluorosilicicacidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 361–362

phosphoric, sulfuric and hydrofluoric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 374

phosphoric, sulfuric, hydrofluoric andhexafluorosilicic acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 311–312, 337,

361–362, 374phosphorus contents

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 44phosphorus pentoxide

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 164phosphorus segregation

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 45, 68photochemical degradation

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 229photographic etching

Nitric Acid 2/ 301photographic industry

Nitric Acid 2/ 380photooxidation

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 174photooxidative resistance

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 225phthalic acid (as inhibitor)

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 30

physical vapor depositionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 177

pickleHydrochloric Acid 2/ 48, 56, 105Mixed Acids 1/ 236, 347Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 26

picklingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 8, 46, 69Mixed Acids 1/ 251Nitric Acid 2/ 381, 401, 444

pickling acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 174, 222

pickling agentHydrochloric Acid 2/ 10Phosphoric Acid 3/ 170, 190, 462

pickling attackHydrochloric Acid 2/ 45

pickling basketsMixed Acids 1/ 333

pickling bath monitoringHydrochloric Acid 2/ 56

pickling bathsMixed Acids 1/ 354Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 26

pickling inhibitorPhosphoric Acid 3/ 222

pickling of stainless steelsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 110

pickling pasteNitric Acid 2/ 382

pickling poresMixed Acids 1/ 264

pickling processHydrochloric Acid 2/ 10–11, 55Mixed Acids 1/ 262

pickling rackMixed Acids 1/ 327

pickling rateNitric Acid 2/ 300, 309, 382, 414,

444–445, 445pickling resistance

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 44pickling solution

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 43Nitric Acid 2/ 299, 450Phosphoric Acid 3/ 190

pickling tankMixed Acids 1/ 395

pickling testsMixed Acids 1/ 277

pickling timeHydrochloric Acid 2/ 69, 71Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 26

Subject index

33

pickling towersHydrochloric Acid 2/ 235

pickling vatsMixed Acids 1/ 362

picric acidMixed Acids 1/ 266

piezoelectric resonatorsNitric Acid 2/ 464

pigmentsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 207, 223Mixed Acids 1/ 384

pilot plantHydrochloric Acid 2/ 134

pipeHydrochloric Acid 2/ 179, 218, 264Hypochlorites 3/ 37Mixed Acids 1/ 398Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 111, 120

pipe connectionsNitric Acid 2/ 421

pipe materialHydrochloric Acid 2/ 235

pipelineHydrochloric Acid 2/ 57, 187, 259Hypochlorites 3/ 119Mixed Acids 1/ 265Nitric Acid 2/ 360Phosphoric Acid 3/ 380Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 43, 105, 181,

186–187pipeline construction

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 259Mixed Acids 1/ 402

pipeline systemsPhosphoric Acid 3/ 331

piping for solventsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 226

pistonsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 166

pitchpineMixed Acids 1/ 404

pittingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 14, 73, 91

pitting corrosionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 14, 19, 72, 77, 80,

87, 96, 99, 103, 108, 112–113, 156,167, 175, 255

Mixed Acids 1/ 242, 245, 262, 289–290Nitric Acid 2/ 307, 367, 381, 401Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 13–14, 32, 107,

148pitting corrosion behavior

Hypochlorites 3/ 47, 60, 67, 71, 75, 81

pitting corrosion (in H3PO4)Phosphoric Acid 3/ 179, 187, 193, 227,

237, 243, 245, 247, 271, 276, 279, 285,289, 296, 304, 308, 310, 320, 327,331–332, 334, 336, 338, 340, 343,348–349, 355, 366, 389, 462

pitting corrosion (in hypochlorite solution)Hypochlorites 3/ 10, 15–16, 18–19, 28,

35, 39, 43–44, 46, 53, 57, 59, 61,65–68, 70–72, 75–76, 81–85, 129

pitting corrosion potentialHydrochloric Acid 2/ 169Hypochlorites 3/ 45, 61, 66, 68Mixed Acids 1/ 290, 316Phosphoric Acid 3/ 247, 271

pitting corrosion resistanceHypochlorites 3/ 45–47, 55, 61, 63,

65–70, 72, 82pitting corrosion temperature

Hypochlorites 3/ 47, 55pitting holes

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 157pitting index

Hypochlorites 3/ 45–55, 57, 61, 63–65,67–72, 74–76

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 247, 271–272, 293,327–329, 332, 338, 343, 350, 355, 358,360, 366, 462

pitting potentialHypochlorites 3/ 44–46, 76

pitting resistanceHydrochloric Acid 2/ 169

plant componentsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 256

plant picklingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 44

plasma-plug weldingMixed Acids 1/ 321

plasma-sprayed coatingsPhosphoric Acid 3/ 417

plastic compositesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 207Mixed Acids 1/ 383

plastic deformationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 132

plastic pumpHydrochloric Acid 2/ 262, 264

plastic sealing discsNitric Acid 2/ 350

plastic wasteMixed Acids 1/ 316

Subject index

34

plasticizerHydrochloric Acid 2/ 207, 225, 236Mixed Acids 1/ 384Phosphoric Acid 3/ 431

plasticsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 172, 177

plate heat exchangerHydrochloric Acid 2/ 156, 260Mixed Acids 1/ 327

platesMixed Acids 1/ 381

platingsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 12

platinumNitric Acid 2/ 450

platinum layersNitric Acid 2/ 430

plumbatesSodium Hydroxide 1/ 13

plutoniumMixed Acids 1/ 268Nitric Acid 2/ 372

plutonium oxideNitric Acid 2/ 467

polarisation curvesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 39, 67–68Mixed Acids 1/ 244

polarisation measurementsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 25, 27, 39

polarisation resistanceHydrochloric Acid 2/ 40, 43, 77

polishingNitric Acid 2/ 310, 411

polishing agentNitric Acid 2/ 292

polishing bathNitric Acid 2/ 300

polishing (chemical)Mixed Acids 1/ 236

polishing copperNitric Acid 2/ 318

polishing (electrochemical)Mixed Acids 1/ 236

polishing (electrolytic)Mixed Acids 1/ 273

polyadditionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 208

polyamide-epoxide resin coatingsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 184

polycondensationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 208

polyester barrier layerHydrochloric Acid 2/ 250

polyester-epoxide resin coatingsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 184

polyethylene bottlesHypochlorites 3/ 109

polyethylene containersPhosphoric Acid 3/ 427

polyethylene-coated carbon fibersNitric Acid 2/ 461

polymer cementHydrochloric Acid 2/ 230

polymer concreteHydrochloric Acid 2/ 235

polymer liningHydrochloric Acid 2/ 260

polymer matrixHydrochloric Acid 2/ 251

polymer-cement mixtureHydrochloric Acid 2/ 183

polypropylenePhosphoric Acid 3/ 429

porcelain pipe systemHydrochloric Acid 2/ 134

porcelain puttiesPhosphoric Acid 3/ 166

pore diffusionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 178

pore structureHydrochloric Acid 2/ 180

potassium bichromate (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 154

potassium dichromate (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 441

potassium hypochloriteHypochlorites 3/ 7, 14, 40, 44

potassium hypochlorite solutionHypochlorites 3/ 13, 15, 23–25, 37, 39,

95, 100–101, 104, 111, 114, 117potassium iodide (as inhibitor)

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 78potential-acidity diagram

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 71potential-pH diagram

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 12Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 12, 23, 71

potentiodynamic quick testHydrochloric Acid 2/ 113

potentiostatically impressed currentSodium Hydroxide 1/ 45

Pourbaix diagramSodium Hydroxide 1/ 71

powderHydrochloric Acid 2/ 198

Subject index

35

powder coatingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 229, 240, 241

powder extrusionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 227

powder sinteringHydrochloric Acid 2/ 241

power generatorSodium Hydroxide 1/ 77

power stationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 8Mixed Acids 1/ 298Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 65, 67, 77

power station engineeringMixed Acids 1/ 316

power station systemsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 44

practical galvanic seriesSodium Hydroxide 1/ 20

precipitation kineticsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 121

preheaterHydrochloric Acid 2/ 63Phosphoric Acid 3/ 331

preheater circuitHydrochloric Acid 2/ 63

preheater stageHydrochloric Acid 2/ 63

pre-oxidationMixed Acids 1/ 380

prepregsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 248

pre-scrubberMixed Acids 1/ 299

pressure die castingNitric Acid 2/ 303

pressure sinteringHydrochloric Acid 2/ 227

pressure vesselSodium Hydroxide 1/ 47

pressure vessel steelSodium Hydroxide 1/ 47

pressure-temperature-concentrationdiagramHydrochloric Acid 2/ 5

pressure/temperature diagramHydrochloric Acid 2/ 228

pressurized reactorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 135

pressurized water reactorNitric Acid 2/ 421, 424, 454Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 119, 122, 126

Preventol® C1-5Phosphoric Acid 3/ 222

printed circuitHydrochloric Acid 2/ 15

printing platesMixed Acids 1/ 241Nitric Acid 2/ 450

process air dampersHydrochloric Acid 2/ 224

process engineeringHydrochloric Acid 2/ 166

process tanksMixed Acids 1/ 289

processingMixed Acids 1/ 333

processing fuel rodsNitric Acid 2/ 421

processing linesPhosphoric Acid 3/ 434

processing of nitric acidNitric Acid 2/ 441

processing of phosphoric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 381

production of ammonium nitrateNitric Acid 2/ 380, 408

production of bleachingHypochlorites 3/ 9

production of carbideNitric Acid 2/ 450

production of fertilizerPhosphoric Acid 3/ 166

production of fertilizersNitric Acid 2/ 441

production of hypochloriteHypochlorites 3/ 9

production of nitric acidNitric Acid 2/ 408

production of nitroglycerineNitric Acid 2/ 374

production of NitrophoskaNitric Acid 2/ 403

production of phosphoric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 250, 260, 431

production of raw phosphoric acidMixed Acids 1/ 302

production of TNTNitric Acid 2/ 374, 400

production processes for wet phosphoricacidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 163

profile packingsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 247

propellerNitric Acid 2/ 396

Subject index

36

propeller bronzeHydrochloric Acid 2/ 50

propyl nitrateMixed Acids 1/ 266

propylamineSodium Hydroxide 1/ 30

propylamine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 26–27

n-propylamine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 24

protectionMixed Acids 1/ 273, 331

pT-diagramHydrochloric Acid 2/ 247

PTFE claddingsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 182

PTFE coatingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 263

PTFE ringsNitric Acid 2/ 368

PTFE yarnsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 181

pulp and paperMixed Acids 1/ 296

pulp and paper industriesSodium Hydroxide 1/ 42, 88, 145

pulp industryMixed Acids 1/ 362Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 55

pulp manufacturerMixed Acids 1/ 296

pulp plantMixed Acids 1/ 298

pumpHydrochloric Acid 2/ 153, 179, 189, 197,

228, 233, 261, 265Hypochlorites 3/ 37Mixed Acids 1/ 265, 289, 333, 398, 409Nitric Acid 2/ 360, 439Phosphoric Acid 3/ 260, 416Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 182

pump componentsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 261

pump industryHydrochloric Acid 2/ 228

pump materialHydrochloric Acid 2/ 262Mixed Acids 1/ 335Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 186, 198

pure boiling phosphoric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 354, 357, 370

pure gas pipelineHydrochloric Acid 2/ 223

pure nitric acidNitric Acid 2/ 382

pure phosphoric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 226, 228, 239, 330,

341–343, 345–348, 351–358, 367–368,370–372, 382–383, 386–387, 390–392,395–396, 401–404, 406–407, 409,411–415, 417–418, 421, 428, 430,436–437, 455, 462

pure phosphorusPhosphoric Acid 3/ 164

Purex-IWW solutionNitric Acid 2/ 418

Purex processMixed Acids 1/ 339, 347, 350Nitric Acid 2/ 438

puttiesMixed Acids 1/ 415

PVC burningHydrochloric Acid 2/ 225

PVC wasteHydrochloric Acid 2/ 257

PVD processHydrochloric Acid 2/ 174, 177

PVDF pipesPhosphoric Acid 3/ 448

pyrolysisHydrochloric Acid 2/ 178, 227

pyromellitic acid (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 30

pyrophoric reaction courseNitric Acid 2/ 435

2-pyrrolcarboxaldehyde-(2′-pyridylhydrazone) (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 37

qquality grades of phosphoric acid

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 165quartz glass

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 184quartz material

Mixed Acids 1/ 416quartz products

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 410–411quartz sand

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 158quartz sheets

Nitric Acid 2/ 464quartz ware

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 410quencher

Mixed Acids 1/ 299

Subject index

37

quencher towerHydrochloric Acid 2/ 7

quinoline (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 95Phosphoric Acid 3/ 198

rradical chain reaction

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 215radioactive material

Nitric Acid 2/ 365radioactive substances

Nitric Acid 2/ 379radioactive waste

Nitric Acid 2/ 379, 438radioactive waste solutions

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 115radioindicator measurements

Nitric Acid 2/ 351radionuclide method

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 59radiotracer method

Nitric Acid 2/ 432, 454railway tank wagons

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 109rain water

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 181raw gas inlet duct

Mixed Acids 1/ 318raw gas inlet zone

Mixed Acids 1/ 322raw nitro-glycerine

Mixed Acids 1/ 265raw phosphoric acid

Mixed Acids 1/ 302reaction boilers

Nitric Acid 2/ 464reaction stage

Mixed Acids 1/ 289reaction tanks

Mixed Acids 1/ 289Nitric Acid 2/ 374

reaction vesselsMixed Acids 1/ 407Phosphoric Acid 3/ 380

reactorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 189Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 70, 94, 143

reactor engineeringSodium Hydroxide 1/ 143

reactor fuel elementMixed Acids 1/ 268

reactor materialHydrochloric Acid 2/ 135

reactor turbine agitatorsMixed Acids 1/ 289

reactor vesselsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 134Mixed Acids 1/ 354

recovery of the nitric acidNitric Acid 2/ 372

recovery plantsNitric Acid 2/ 435

red fuming nitric acidNitric Acid 2/ 297

reduction factorsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 214, 217–218, 220,

222, 228Mixed Acids 1/ 387

refineriesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 62

refractory materialsPhosphoric Acid 3/ 417

refractory metalsMixed Acids 1/ 351

regenerate dampersHydrochloric Acid 2/ 224

regenerate pipelineHydrochloric Acid 2/ 223

regeneration of ion-exchange resinsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 8

region of the weld seamMixed Acids 1/ 252

reinforced plasticsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 198

reinforcing materialsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 248Phosphoric Acid 3/ 440

relaxationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 246

release of hydrochloric acidHydrochloric Acid 2/ 214

remediation measuresHydrochloric Acid 2/ 225

repassivating potentialHydrochloric Acid 2/ 167

repassivation abilityMixed Acids 1/ 318

repassivation potentialMixed Acids 1/ 299, 316

reprocessing nuclear fuelsNitric Acid 2/ 365, 456

resistance against stress corrosion crackingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 97, 151

Subject index

38

resistance criteriaHydrochloric Acid 2/ 216

resistance factorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 217Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 178

resistance to chemicalsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 174

resorcinSodium Hydroxide 1/ 38

rest potentialSodium Hydroxide 1/ 20

resting potentialHydrochloric Acid 2/ 159

reverse flexural fatigue strengthMixed Acids 1/ 377

rhodamine B (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 24

risk of explosionNitric Acid 2/ 458

riveted connectionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 257

road tankersHydrochloric Acid 2/ 246

rocket componentsNitric Acid 2/ 456

rocket fuelsNitric Acid 2/ 307

rocket technologyNitric Acid 2/ 288

Rodine 213Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 42

roll bonding claddingNitric Acid 2/ 441

rolling scaleHydrochloric Acid 2/ 56

rolling textureHypochlorites 3/ 62

roof constructionMixed Acids 1/ 404

rotary pumpHydrochloric Acid 2/ 231, 261

rotary-shaft sealsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 182

rotating mechanical sealsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 263

rotor bladesSodium Hydroxide 1/ 79

rotor steelSodium Hydroxide 1/ 70

round sealsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 247

rovingsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 248

rubber coatingsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 236, 244–245, 257,

261rubber coverings

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 454rubber-lined steel vessel

Hypochlorites 3/ 28rust

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 57rust formation

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 59rusting

Hypochlorites 3/ 70

ssafety valve

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 223salicylaldehyde (as inhibitor)

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 78salicylic acid (as inhibitor)

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 30salt deposit

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 54salt spray test

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 15sand casting

Nitric Acid 2/ 303sand-slurry pumps

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 222sandwich samples

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 156SCC

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 15SCC damage

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 16SCC resistance

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 87, 111, 128,132–133

SCC susceptibilitySodium Hydroxide 1/ 18

screw materialPhosphoric Acid 3/ 388

screwsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 69Hypochlorites 3/ 88, 90

scrubberHydrochloric Acid 2/ 112

scrubber columnMixed Acids 1/ 333

scrubber filtrateMixed Acids 1/ 298

scrubbersMixed Acids 1/ 265, 296, 298, 318

Subject index

39

scrubber solutionMixed Acids 1/ 299

scrubbing acidsMixed Acids 1/ 244

scrubbing processMixed Acids 1/ 316

sealing discNitric Acid 2/ 350

sealing layerHydrochloric Acid 2/ 241

sealing materialHydrochloric Acid 2/ 156Mixed Acids 1/ 398Nitric Acid 2/ 460Phosphoric Acid 3/ 400, 454Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 151

sealing seamMixed Acids 1/ 319

sealing technologyHydrochloric Acid 2/ 247

sealsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 226, 236, 246, 256,

263Mixed Acids 1/ 409Phosphoric Acid 3/ 401Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 184, 194, 208

seawaterHydrochloric Acid 2/ 49, 51–52, 97Hypochlorites 3/ 25, 61Mixed Acids 1/ 245Phosphoric Acid 3/ 296

seawater desalination plantHydrochloric Acid 2/ 54, 153

seawater flash distillation plantHydrochloric Acid 2/ 51

secondary hardeningHydrochloric Acid 2/ 76

secondary waterSodium Hydroxide 1/ 122

secondary water cycleSodium Hydroxide 1/ 119

self-regenerating oxide layerNitric Acid 2/ 432

semiconductor componentsNitric Acid 2/ 473

semiconductor technologyNitric Acid 2/ 301

semi-finished productMixed Acids 1/ 320

sensitizationNitric Acid 2/ 354

separatorsMixed Acids 1/ 265

service lifeHydrochloric Acid 2/ 160

settling tanksHypochlorites 3/ 98

sewage filterNitric Acid 2/ 448

shaftNitric Acid 2/ 348

shaft coverNitric Acid 2/ 348

shaft sealsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 247

shallow pit corrosionSodium Hydroxide 1/ 14

shear testsPhosphoric Acid 3/ 434

shell and tube heat exchangerHydrochloric Acid 2/ 180, 227, 260

shrinkageHydrochloric Acid 2/ 258, 260

shut-off elementPhosphoric Acid 3/ 193

shut-off gatesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 263

shut-off valveHydrochloric Acid 2/ 96

SiC coatingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 198

SiC layerHydrochloric Acid 2/ 181

sigma phaseHydrochloric Acid 2/ 199

sigma phase formationNitric Acid 2/ 338

silane binderHydrochloric Acid 2/ 182

silicate inhibitorHypochlorites 3/ 15

silicatesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 58

silicic acidHydrochloric Acid 2/ 58, 194, 196

silicic acid saturation effectHydrochloric Acid 2/ 190

silicoater processHydrochloric Acid 2/ 242

silicon carbide materialHydrochloric Acid 2/ 204

silicone oilHydrochloric Acid 2/ 194

silver autoclaveSodium Hydroxide 1/ 23

Subject index

40

silver chlorideNitric Acid 2/ 291

silver solderNitric Acid 2/ 293

Simmerings®

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 247simulated FGD solution

Mixed Acids 1/ 316, 322sintering

Mixed Acids 1/ 373, 382sizing process

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 250sliding gate housings

Nitric Acid 2/ 406sliding gates

Nitric Acid 2/ 406slow tensile tester

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 146slurry pumps

Mixed Acids 1/ 289SnCl2 (as inhibitor)

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 198S-N curve

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 79sodium bichromate

Nitric Acid 2/ 345sodium carbonate

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 25sodium chromate (as inhibitor)

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 173sodium hydrogen carbonate

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 25sodium hydroxide melt

Nitric Acid 2/ 302Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 23, 31, 35

sodium hypochloriteHypochlorites 3/ 6, 14, 16–17, 34, 40, 44,

56, 72, 78–79, 90, 92, 100, 119, 124sodium hypochlorite bleaching lye

Hypochlorites 3/ 8sodium hypochlorite solution

Hypochlorites 3/ 13, 15, 17, 19, 23–25,27–28, 36–37, 39, 43, 55–56, 61, 65,67, 69, 72–73, 75, 84–86, 88–90,92–95, 98–102, 104–112, 114–121,125, 127

sodium petroleum sulfonate (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 331

sodium phosphate (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 470

sodium silicateSodium Hydroxide 1/ 25

sodium silicate (as inhibitor)Hypochlorites 3/ 75, 79

soft drinksPhosphoric Acid 3/ 167

soft rubber coatingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 236, 244

soft rubber liningHydrochloric Acid 2/ 265

solderNitric Acid 2/ 457

solderingNitric Acid 2/ 291

solid hypochloritesHypochlorites 3/ 6

solution analysisHydrochloric Acid 2/ 67–68

solution annealingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 103

solution annealing temperatureHydrochloric Acid 2/ 150

solventHypochlorites 3/ 110

solvent pumpHydrochloric Acid 2/ 224

solvent recoveryHydrochloric Acid 2/ 226, 246, 258

solvent separatorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 224

solventsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 220

solvolysisHydrochloric Acid 2/ 215

sootMixed Acids 1/ 242, 256

source of the fireHydrochloric Acid 2/ 64

spark testingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 257

spent fuel rodsNitric Acid 2/ 468

spent mordantsMixed Acids 1/ 395, 398

spin-coating processHydrochloric Acid 2/ 249

spinning bathsMixed Acids 1/ 354

spinning processHydrochloric Acid 2/ 248

spontaneous passivationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 175

spot weldingNitric Acid 2/ 359

Subject index

41

spray dryingHypochlorites 3/ 77

spray-etchingSodium Hydroxide 1/ 107

spraying processesMixed Acids 1/ 405

spring alloyPhosphoric Acid 3/ 377

springsMixed Acids 1/ 409

stabiliserHydrochloric Acid 2/ 207Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 172

stainless steel componentHydrochloric Acid 2/ 58

stainless steel mordantMixed Acids 1/ 409

standard hydrogen electrodeHydrochloric Acid 2/ 46

static tensile stressSodium Hydroxide 1/ 15

statistical chain cleavageHydrochloric Acid 2/ 214

steamHydrochloric Acid 2/ 132

steam boilerSodium Hydroxide 1/ 90, 93

steam-boiler pipesSodium Hydroxide 1/ 88

steam dampersHydrochloric Acid 2/ 224

steam generating plantsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 128

steam generationSodium Hydroxide 1/ 77

steam generatorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 67Phosphoric Acid 3/ 338Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 77, 119, 122, 126,

128–129, 131steam generator pipes

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 122–123steam turbine

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 67, 79, 203steam turbine rotor

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 66steam turbine rotor blade

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 118steel components

Hypochlorites 3/ 69steel construction

Mixed Acids 1/ 405

steel industryHydrochloric Acid 2/ 201

steel pipeMixed Acids 1/ 263

steel surfaceHydrochloric Acid 2/ 56

steel tanksNitric Acid 2/ 441

steel valvesSodium Hydroxide 1/ 109

steel vesselHydrochloric Acid 2/ 257Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 46

steelworksHydrochloric Acid 2/ 197

Stern-Geary equationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 61

sterilizationHypochlorites 3/ 75

sterilization solutionHypochlorites 3/ 69, 75

sterilize nickel objectsHypochlorites 3/ 75, 76

sterilized waterHypochlorites 3/ 33

sterilizing agentsHypochlorites 3/ 61, 65

stiffnessHypochlorites 3/ 123

stirred autoclaveHydrochloric Acid 2/ 153

stirred tank reactorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 264

stirred vatMixed Acids 1/ 250

stirrerHydrochloric Acid 2/ 166Mixed Acids 1/ 250, 302, 337Phosphoric Acid 3/ 331

stirrer bladesMixed Acids 1/ 333

stirring armMixed Acids 1/ 303

stirring bladeHydrochloric Acid 2/ 261

stirring tankPhosphoric Acid 3/ 416

stirring velocityPhosphoric Acid 3/ 248, 250

stirring vesselSodium Hydroxide 1/ 183

Subject index

42

storageMixed Acids 1/ 247Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 42, 90, 105, 109,

180, 184-185, 187storage of highly concentrated nitric acid

Nitric Acid 2/ 348storage tank

Mixed Acids 1/ 289, 413Nitric Acid 2/ 348, 374Phosphoric Acid 3/ 434

storage testsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 216

storage vesselHypochlorites 3/ 15

stove enamelHydrochloric Acid 2/ 240–241Hypochlorites 3/ 17

strain loadingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 147

strain rateHydrochloric Acid 2/ 90, 146

stratosphereHydrochloric Acid 2/ 4

stress characteristicsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 246

stress corrosion crackingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 59, 74, 77, 80, 83,

85, 87–88, 90, 96, 112, 121, 149,149–150, 167–168, 170, 250, 255

Mixed Acids 1/ 245–247, 306, 316, 335Nitric Acid 2/ 307, 313, 319, 326Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 13, 15, 22, 36, 39,

41, 42, 43-44, 46, 50-51, 57, 63, 65, 67,77, 79, 81, 88, 90, 101, 109, 111-112,122-123, 126, 133, 151, 166

stress corrosion cracking behaviorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 150

stress corrosion cracking (in H3PO4)Phosphoric Acid 3/ 237, 243, 271, 295,

311, 366, 409, 446stress corrosion cracking (in hypochlorite

solution)Hypochlorites 3/ 25, 27, 46–47, 59, 61,

67, 71, 88, 107–108stress corrosion cracking (in methanol-HCl)

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 157stress corrosion cracking (intergranular)

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 43-45, 53, 112,122, 128

stress corrosion cracking tests (in HCl)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 122

stress crackHydrochloric Acid 2/ 212, 214, 224Mixed Acids 1/ 387Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 174, 177

stress crack formationSodium Hydroxide 1/ 174

stress crackingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 213, 227–232, 234,

246Mixed Acids 1/ 387

stress cracking (in H3PO4)Phosphoric Acid 3/ 450

stress cracking (in hypochlorite solution)Hypochlorites 3/ 111, 120, 123

stress factorPhosphoric Acid 3/ 429

stress intensity factorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 250Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 57

stress-crack corrosion behaviorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 167

stringent Huey testNitric Acid 2/ 365

strip coatingHypochlorites 3/ 17

stripperHydrochloric Acid 2/ 223

stripper columnHydrochloric Acid 2/ 7, 223, 261

stripper plantHydrochloric Acid 2/ 180

stripper pumpsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 223

stripper reservoirHydrochloric Acid 2/ 223

stripper towersHydrochloric Acid 2/ 260

stuffing boxesMixed Acids 1/ 244

submersible pumpHydrochloric Acid 2/ 261

substitute for asbestosPhosphoric Acid 3/ 417

suction fanHypochlorites 3/ 62

sugar industryHydrochloric Acid 2/ 91, 93

sugar manufacturingMixed Acids 1/ 246

sulfamic acidHydrochloric Acid 2/ 54–55

sulfamic acid (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 470

Subject index

43

sulfate-pulp factorySodium Hydroxide 1/ 150

sulfuric and hydrofluoric acidsMixed Acids 1/ 257

sulphurSodium Hydroxide 1/ 117

sulphur bridgesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 236

sulphuric acid pickling bathsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 56

sulphuric and hydrochloric acidNitric Acid 2/ 442

superausteniteMixed Acids 1/ 299, 303

superconductorsMixed Acids 1/ 362, 370, 417

supercritical water oxidationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 116, 135

superficial electrolyte layerHydrochloric Acid 2/ 164

superheated steamNitric Acid 2/ 421

superphosphatePhosphoric Acid 3/ 156

superphosphate mixing pitPhosphoric Acid 3/ 381

superphosphoric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 157, 162, 206, 256,

274–275, 296supporting construction

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 244surface cleaning

Mixed Acids 1/ 343surface corrosion (in HCl)

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 99surface damage

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 132surface glaze

Mixed Acids 1/ 382surface layer

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 237surface pretreatment

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 242surface protection processes

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 242surface treatment

Mixed Acids 1/ 342Nitric Acid 2/ 450

surfactant production plantHydrochloric Acid 2/ 225

susceptibility to crackingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 249

susceptibility to intercrystalline corrosionNitric Acid 2/ 359

swellHydrochloric Acid 2/ 238

swellabilityHydrochloric Acid 2/ 221

swellingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 9, 11, 211, 213–214,

216, 225, 234, 240, 249, 258, 264Mixed Acids 1/ 387, 396, 403Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 174, 174–175

swelling effectsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 9

swimming hall atmosphereHypochlorites 3/ 70

swimming poolHypochlorites 3/ 34, 57, 63

swimming pool atmosphereHypochlorites 3/ 16

swimming pool hallHydrochloric Acid 2/ 83, 87Hypochlorites 3/ 16, 23, 69, 90

swimming pool waterHypochlorites 3/ 6, 15, 63–65, 69

synthesis reactorNitric Acid 2/ 447

synthetic diamond powderNitric Acid 2/ 462

synthetic fiber industryHydrochloric Acid 2/ 9

synthetic phosphoric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 294

tTaber abraser

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 262Tafel constant

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 61Tafel line

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 20, 40, 95, 201Tafel method

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 164Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 62

tankHydrochloric Acid 2/ 256Mixed Acids 1/ 362Nitric Acid 2/ 360Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 105, 180, 187

tankersHydrochloric Acid 2/ 256Hypochlorites 3/ 119Mixed Acids 1/ 289

Subject index

44

tank materialNitric Acid 2/ 296, 303, 417, 435Phosphoric Acid 3/ 410

tanks for phosphoric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 285

tank wagonsNitric Acid 2/ 289, 341

tannic acid (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 318

tanningHydrochloric Acid 2/ 9

tantalum-lined autoclavesNitric Acid 2/ 465

tantalum capsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 159

tantalum coatingsPhosphoric Acid 3/ 452

tantalum liningsPhosphoric Acid 3/ 387

tantalum screwsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 159

tantalum tubesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 132

tar pitchHydrochloric Acid 2/ 178

tearing resistanceHypochlorites 3/ 123

Teflon® liningHydrochloric Acid 2/ 143

Teflon® stoppersHydrochloric Acid 2/ 144

Teflon® tapeHydrochloric Acid 2/ 144

temperature gradientHydrochloric Acid 2/ 212

temperature limitHydrochloric Acid 2/ 226, 238, 243, 256

temperature loadingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 207

Tennessee Valley AuthorityPhosphoric Acid 3/ 197

tensile strengthHydrochloric Acid 2/ 69, 133, 168, 180,

216, 258tensile stress

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 69, 214Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 15

tensile testHydrochloric Acid 2/ 167

terephthalic acid (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 30

terpentine oilHypochlorites 3/ 79

textile bleachHypochlorites 3/ 19

thermal conductivityHydrochloric Acid 2/ 12, 72Nitric Acid 2/ 432

thermal decompositionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 64

thermal decomposition processPhosphoric Acid 3/ 161

thermal degradationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 214

thermal equipmentHydrochloric Acid 2/ 260, 265

thermal expansionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 72, 259

thermal phosphoric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 181–182, 184,

196–198, 368, 371, 381, 416, 426, 436,449–450, 454, 462

thermal shocksHydrochloric Acid 2/ 197

thermal stabilityHydrochloric Acid 2/ 117

thermally curable coating materialsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 241

thermally produced phosphoricPhosphoric Acid 3/ 445

thermite processHydrochloric Acid 2/ 198

thermoelasticsMixed Acids 1/ 384

thermoformingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 225, 258

thermolysisHydrochloric Acid 2/ 214, 225, 258

thermometricsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 27, 46

thermoplast liningHydrochloric Acid 2/ 244, 245, 249

thermoplastic inner linerHydrochloric Acid 2/ 257

thick nickel layersNitric Acid 2/ 413

thickenerMixed Acids 1/ 333

thickening tanksMixed Acids 1/ 363

thiocyanate (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 332

2-thiophencarboxaldehyde-(2′-pyridylhydrazone) (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 37

Subject index

45

thiosemicarbamide (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 308

thiourea (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 95Nitric Acid 2/ 317, 324–325, 332, 334,

380, 382, 429Phosphoric Acid 3/ 222Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 38

thorium-containing fuel elementsNitric Acid 2/ 372

three-layer rubber coatingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 244

TIGMixed Acids 1/ 321, 333

tilting pansMixed Acids 1/ 289

time-related resistance factorPhosphoric Acid 3/ 426

tin coatingsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 142

titanium anodesSodium Hydroxide 1/ 146

titanium electrodesNitric Acid 2/ 441, 448

titanium materialHydrochloric Acid 2/ 157

titanium mononitrideHydrochloric Acid 2/ 158

titanium pipesNitric Acid 2/ 439

α-titanium precipitationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 149

titanium pumpsNitric Acid 2/ 445

titanium tankNitric Acid 2/ 351, 385–386

m-toluidine (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 323

o-toluidine (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 317, 324–325

p-toluidine (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 299, 323

o-tolylthiourea (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 299

p-tolylthiourea (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 298

1-m-tolyl-3-tolyl-formamidine-thiocarbamide(as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 299

tolyltriazole (as inhibitor)Hypochlorites 3/ 27Nitric Acid 2/ 317

torsional loadingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 169

torsional oscillation testHydrochloric Acid 2/ 206Mixed Acids 1/ 383

toxicologyPhosphoric Acid 3/ 167

trans-cinnamaldehyde (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 78

transcrystalline stress corrosion cracking(in H3PO4)Phosphoric Acid 3/ 247

transgranular cracking (in HCl)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 169

transgranular cracksHydrochloric Acid 2/ 90

transgranular stress corrosion crackingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 72

transition jointsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 96

transpassivationMixed Acids 1/ 296

transportSodium Hydroxide 1/ 42, 53, 105, 109,

180, 186–187transport container

Hypochlorites 3/ 110transport of chemicals

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 246transport tank

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 246transportation of dilute nitric acid

Nitric Acid 2/ 341transportation of phosphoric acid

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 296–297transportation tank

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 296transporting wet acid

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 296triazole (as inhibitor)

Nitric Acid 2/ 322Phosphoric Acid 3/ 222

tribasic acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 160

trichloroacetic acid (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 322–325

triethylamine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 24

3,4,5-tri-hydroxybenzoic acid (as inhibitor)Nitric Acid 2/ 298

trimellitic acid (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 30

Subject index

46

trimethylamine (as inhibitor)Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 24

trinitrotolueneNitric Acid 2/ 374

triphenylbenzyl-phosphorus bromide(as inhibitor)Phosphoric Acid 3/ 222

triple-point pitting corrosionNitric Acid 2/ 307

triple superphosphatePhosphoric Acid 3/ 156

trisodium phosphate (as inhibitor)Hypochlorites 3/ 75

tubular heating coilsMixed Acids 1/ 289

tumbler millPhosphoric Acid 3/ 252

tumbling millPhosphoric Acid 3/ 251

tungsten inert gas weldingMixed Acids 1/ 321

turbine bladerSodium Hydroxide 1/ 67, 77

turbine bladesSodium Hydroxide 1/ 203

turbine pipesNitric Acid 2/ 421

turborotorsMixed Acids 1/ 377

TVA processPhosphoric Acid 3/ 164

type of inert gasMixed Acids 1/ 322

uU-bend flexural specimens

Mixed Acids 1/ 339ultimate elongation

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 216Hypochlorites 3/ 123

ultra-high heaterPhosphoric Acid 3/ 166

uniform oxide film formationNitric Acid 2/ 299

uniform surface corrosionSodium Hydroxide 1/ 13

Union Carbide processHydrochloric Acid 2/ 134

uranium dioxideNitric Acid 2/ 467

uranium processingNitric Acid 2/ 385

uranyl nitrateNitric Acid 2/ 379

urea industryNitric Acid 2/ 407

urea plantsNitric Acid 2/ 403

urea productionNitric Acid 2/ 403

urea solutionNitric Acid 2/ 405

urea synthesisNitric Acid 2/ 441

urea synthesis plantNitric Acid 2/ 405

urea synthesis solutionNitric Acid 2/ 405

US Federal Specification DD-G-541BHydrochloric Acid 2/ 187

vvacuum circulatory evaporator

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 162vacuum evaporator

Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 35valve

Mixed Acids 1/ 265Phosphoric Acid 3/ 260Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 62, 109, 182, 189

valve casingsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 181

valve materialMixed Acids 1/ 335

valve seatingsSodium Hydroxide 1/ 181

valvesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 43, 227, 261Nitric Acid 2/ 434

vapor atomizerPhosphoric Acid 3/ 374

vapor domePhosphoric Acid 3/ 374

vapor phaseHydrochloric Acid 2/ 190Mixed Acids 1/ 239

vaporizerNitric Acid 2/ 352

vatMixed Acids 1/ 250, 265

ventilation ductHypochlorites 3/ 79

ventilator casingsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 235

Subject index

47

ventilatorsMixed Acids 1/ 252

venturi scrubberHydrochloric Acid 2/ 128

vesselHydrochloric Acid 2/ 218, 224, 226, 235,

255–256, 265Sodium Hydroxide 1/ 63, 88, 105, 187

vessel materialMixed Acids 1/ 268

vibration cavitation testHydrochloric Acid 2/ 76–77

Vickers hardnessHydrochloric Acid 2/ 41, 133

vinyl ester-based coatingSodium Hydroxide 1/ 187

viscoelastic behaviorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 214

viscoelasticityMixed Acids 1/ 387

vitamin manufactureHydrochloric Acid 2/ 158

Viton® sealing ringsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 156

volcanic vaporsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 4

vulcanisatesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 236

vulcanisationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 236

vulcanisation acceleratorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 244

vulcanisation catalystHydrochloric Acid 2/ 236

vulcanisedHydrochloric Acid 2/ 244

wwallpapering

Mixed Acids 1/ 318washers

Hypochlorites 3/ 61Nitric Acid 2/ 463

washing towersPhosphoric Acid 3/ 434

waste acidMixed Acids 1/ 251

waste acid tanksHydrochloric Acid 2/ 235

waste gas washerPhosphoric Acid 3/ 376

waste gasesSodium Hydroxide 1/ 93

waste incinerationHydrochloric Acid 2/ 14, 225, 258

waste incineration plantMixed Acids 1/ 298, 316, 319

waste (nuclear)Mixed Acids 1/ 327

waste pickling bathHydrochloric Acid 2/ 197

waste pickling solutionsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 201

waste sulphuric acidNitric Acid 2/ 335

waste tanksNitric Acid 2/ 355

waste treatmentMixed Acids 1/ 363

waste water linesNitric Acid 2/ 463

water absorptionHydrochloric Acid 2/ 182

water absorption capacitiesHydrochloric Acid 2/ 232

water activityHydrochloric Acid 2/ 224, 233

water glass (as inhibitor)Hypochlorites 3/ 15

water separatorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 226

water vapor permeabilityHydrochloric Acid 2/ 241

waterborne paintsHydrochloric Acid 2/ 242

water-line corrosionMixed Acids 1/ 270

water/steam cycleSodium Hydroxide 1/ 122

waveguidesNitric Acid 2/ 291

wear behaviorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 198

wear regardHydrochloric Acid 2/ 222

wear resistanceHydrochloric Acid 2/ 158, 181, 198, 201Hypochlorites 3/ 123Phosphoric Acid 3/ 260

weld fillerHydrochloric Acid 2/ 96Hypochlorites 3/ 62

weld resurfacingMixed Acids 1/ 410

weld rootMixed Acids 1/ 322

Subject index

48

weld seamHypochlorites 3/ 55Phosphoric Acid 3/ 261–262

welded jointNitric Acid 2/ 298, 358

welded seamHydrochloric Acid 2/ 246, 257

weldingHydrochloric Acid 2/ 112, 225, 258Phosphoric Acid 3/ 261

welding fillerMixed Acids 1/ 322

welding materialNitric Acid 2/ 308, 399

welding processMixed Acids 1/ 322

welding speedMixed Acids 1/ 322

weldmentMixed Acids 1/ 247

wetPhosphoric Acid 3/ 225, 248

wet acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 295

wet combustionMixed Acids 1/ 339Nitric Acid 2/ 435

wet decomposition processPhosphoric Acid 3/ 161, 306

wet phosphoric acidPhosphoric Acid 3/ 161, 163, 198, 248,

250, 253, 255, 297, 358wet phosphoric acid plants

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 454wet phosphoric acid production

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 162, 309–318wet phosphoric acid (production of )

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 249wet process

Mixed Acids 1/ 331Phosphoric Acid 3/ 248, 260, 262, 265,

336, 347, 354, 359, 462wet scrubbing process

Mixed Acids 1/ 237, 298, 406wet strength

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 242wet washing process

Mixed Acids 1/ 356wet-dry zone

Mixed Acids 1/ 322wetting agent

Nitric Acid 2/ 314, 382

white fuming nitric acidNitric Acid 2/ 297

white liquorHydrochloric Acid 2/ 96

white waterHypochlorites 3/ 62

white zoneNitric Acid 2/ 307

white-liquor clarifiersHydrochloric Acid 2/ 96

WIPMixed Acids 1/ 298, 316, 319

Wöhler diagramSodium Hydroxide 1/ 19

Wöhler stress-cycle curveSodium Hydroxide 1/ 78

wooden stirrersMixed Acids 1/ 404

wooden tankPhosphoric Acid 3/ 424

wooden vatsMixed Acids 1/ 404

worm wheel shaftsNitric Acid 2/ 348

woven filtersHydrochloric Acid 2/ 229

yyellow chromating

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 16yield point

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 1330.2 % yield strength

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 69, 77, 87

zZn-Al coatings

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 160Zn/Al eutectic

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 160Zn-Al protective coating

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 160zinc anode

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 80zinc coating

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 160zinc dust

Phosphoric Acid 3/ 277zinc layer

Hydrochloric Acid 2/ 160

Subject index