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A Healthy A Healthy PregnancyPregnancy

Unit TwoUnit Two

Prenatal Prenatal DevelopmentDevelopment

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Objectives:Objectives: To name the three To name the three

stages of Pregnancystages of Pregnancy Describe the prenatal Describe the prenatal

development during development during each of the three each of the three stages of Pregnancystages of Pregnancy

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Signs of pregnancySigns of pregnancy

Heaviness in breasts and Heaviness in breasts and abdomenabdomen

Nipples full and tender Nipples full and tender Morning sickness- nauseaMorning sickness- nausea More frequent urinationMore frequent urination vaginal discharge vaginal discharge Missed periodMissed period Heightened smell and tasteHeightened smell and taste

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Testing for pregnancyTesting for pregnancy

1. Urine [doctor or home test ]1. Urine [doctor or home test ] 2. blood [ more accurate at earlier 2. blood [ more accurate at earlier

stage]stage]

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Tests- over 100 birth Tests- over 100 birth defects diagnosed defects diagnosed

prenatallyprenatally AmniocentesisAmniocentesis- testing for birth - testing for birth

defectsdefects Removal of amniotic fluid to be Removal of amniotic fluid to be

tested.tested.

Risky because you Risky because you

could drain the amnio could drain the amnio

fluid/rupture fluid/rupture

something and miscarry.something and miscarry.

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Ultrasound-producing a Ultrasound-producing a picture through high picture through high

frequency sound wavesfrequency sound waves

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Chorionic Villus Chorionic Villus SamplingSampling

Similar to an amnio.Similar to an amnio. tests the placenta tissue for tests the placenta tissue for

abnormalitiesabnormalities Possible reasons for having a CVS Possible reasons for having a CVS

can include:can include:

1.1. Abnormal ultrasoundAbnormal ultrasound

2.2. Parents carry a geneticParents carry a genetic

disorder.disorder.

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Fetal Heart MonitorFetal Heart Monitor

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1. Zygote Stage1. Zygote Stage A period of rapid cell growth.A period of rapid cell growth. Begins at conception and lasts until Begins at conception and lasts until

the zygote is implanted in the mother’s the zygote is implanted in the mother’s uterus. uterus.

The period of the Zygote lasts The period of the Zygote lasts approximately two weeks (10-14 days)approximately two weeks (10-14 days)

The zygote grows to be about the size The zygote grows to be about the size of a pinhead. Roots grow from the of a pinhead. Roots grow from the zygote into the wall of the uterus zygote into the wall of the uterus where they can receive nutrients from where they can receive nutrients from the mother’s blood.the mother’s blood.

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Conception- Conception- fertilizationfertilization

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2. Embryo Stage2. Embryo Stage the developing cluster of cells in the the developing cluster of cells in the

uterus & lasts from about 2 weeks to uterus & lasts from about 2 weeks to 8 weeks after conception 8 weeks after conception

The embryo is attached to the mother The embryo is attached to the mother by the by the umbilical cordumbilical cord (20 inches long) (20 inches long) which reaches from the embryo’s which reaches from the embryo’s stomach to the wall of the uterus. stomach to the wall of the uterus.

The The umbilical cordumbilical cord contains arteries contains arteries which carry the embryo’s waste into which carry the embryo’s waste into the mother’s blood system to be the mother’s blood system to be purified. It also brings oxygenated purified. It also brings oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood back to the and nutrient-rich blood back to the embryo to keep it alive.embryo to keep it alive.

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Period of the EmbryoPeriod of the EmbryoFirst MonthFirst Month

the embryo is about 1/10 of an inch long. The heart, which is no larger than a poppy seed, has begun beating.

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Period of the EmbryoPeriod of the Embryo The umbilical cord is connected to the The umbilical cord is connected to the

placentaplacenta. . The The placentaplacenta is an organ which exchanges is an organ which exchanges

the baby’s waste for nutrients between the the baby’s waste for nutrients between the mother and the fetus.mother and the fetus.

Throughout this period, the embryo is Throughout this period, the embryo is inside the inside the amniotic sacamniotic sac (a bag filled with (a bag filled with watery substance called amniotic fluid). watery substance called amniotic fluid). The fluid will protect the developing baby The fluid will protect the developing baby against bumps, bruises and temperature against bumps, bruises and temperature changes. changes.

During this period all of the organs that will During this period all of the organs that will be present at birth are formed.be present at birth are formed.

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Two MonthsTwo Months

The embryo is about The embryo is about 1 1

inch longinch long and has distinct, and has distinct,

slightly webbed fingers. slightly webbed fingers.

VeinsVeins are clearly visible. are clearly visible.

The The heartheart has divided into has divided into

right and left chambers.right and left chambers.

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3. Fetus Stage - 3 months 3. Fetus Stage - 3 months to termto term

This period extends from the end of the This period extends from the end of the second month until birth. During this stage, second month until birth. During this stage, the developing baby is referred to as a the developing baby is referred to as a fetusfetus. .

The body parts, organs and systems which The body parts, organs and systems which were formed during the embryo period will were formed during the embryo period will become much more developed and begin to become much more developed and begin to function. function.

The fetus will begin to resemble a human The fetus will begin to resemble a human being and features will become clear. being and features will become clear.

During the fetal period, the baby may During the fetal period, the baby may increase in length as much as twelve increase in length as much as twelve inches.inches.

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Three Month FetusThree Month Fetus By now the fetus is By now the fetus is 2 2

1/2 to 3 inches long1/2 to 3 inches long and is fully formed. and is fully formed.

It has begun It has begun swallowing and swallowing and kicking.kicking.

All All organsorgans and and musclesmuscles have formed have formed and are beginning to and are beginning to function.function.

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QuickeningQuickening The sensation of feeling life is called The sensation of feeling life is called

quickeningquickening.. tells the mother that she has a life tells the mother that she has a life

within her.within her. Happens sometimes between the 4th Happens sometimes between the 4th

or 5th month.or 5th month. These fluttering movements are faint These fluttering movements are faint

or infrequent at first but gradually or infrequent at first but gradually become stronger and more frequent.become stronger and more frequent.

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Fetus - 4 MonthsFetus - 4 Months Your baby is covered Your baby is covered

with a layer of thick, with a layer of thick, downy hair called downy hair called lanugo.lanugo.

Baby’s heartbeat can Baby’s heartbeat can be heard clearly. This be heard clearly. This is when you is when you maymay feel feel your baby's first your baby's first kickkick

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Fetus- 4Fetus- 4thth Month Month

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FetusFetus 5 Months 5 Months A protective coating A protective coating

called called vernix vernix caseosacaseosa begins to begins to form on baby's skin. form on baby's skin.

By the end of this By the end of this month, your baby will month, your baby will be nearly 8 inches be nearly 8 inches long and weigh long and weigh almost a pound!almost a pound!

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Fetus 6 MonthsFetus 6 Months EyebrowsEyebrows and and

eyelidseyelids are visible. are visible. Baby's lungs are filled Baby's lungs are filled

with with amniotic fluidamniotic fluid, , and they have started and they have started breathing motions.breathing motions.

If you If you talktalk or or singsing, , baby can hear you.baby can hear you.

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Six Month FetusSix Month Fetus

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Fetus 7 MonthsFetus 7 Months By the end of the By the end of the

seventh month, your seventh month, your baby weighs about baby weighs about 3 3 1/2 pounds1/2 pounds and is and is about about 12 inches long12 inches long. .

His body is well-formed.His body is well-formed. FingernailsFingernails cover his cover his

fingertips.fingertips. You will have gained You will have gained

about 25 lbs.about 25 lbs.

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FetusFetus 8 Months 8 Months

Your baby is gaining Your baby is gaining about about half a pound half a pound per weekper week, and layers , and layers of fat are piling on.of fat are piling on.

Baby has probably Baby has probably turned head-down in turned head-down in preparation for birth.preparation for birth.

weighs between weighs between 4 4 and 6 poundsand 6 pounds..

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8th Month Fetus8th Month Fetus

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Fetus Fetus 9 Months9 Months

Your baby is a hefty Your baby is a hefty 6 6 to 9 poundsto 9 pounds and and measures between 19 measures between 19 and 22 inches. and 22 inches.

As he becomes more As he becomes more crowded, you may crowded, you may feel him move around feel him move around less.less.

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LighteningLightening Sometimes during the ninth month, Sometimes during the ninth month,

the baby’s weight seems to shift the baby’s weight seems to shift down and the mother feels more down and the mother feels more comfortable in her upper abdomen.comfortable in her upper abdomen.

This is called This is called LighteningLightening This means the baby has dropped This means the baby has dropped

into the birth canal and birth is not into the birth canal and birth is not far offfar off

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Weight Weight GainGain

The The recommended recommended weight gain for weight gain for the average the average woman during woman during pregnancy is pregnancy is 25-3025-30 pounds pounds and is and is distributed as distributed as follows:follows:

BabyBaby 7.5 lb7.5 lb

PlacentaPlacenta 1.5 lb1.5 lb

UterusUterus 2 lb2 lb

Amniotic Amniotic FluidFluid

1.5 lb1.5 lb

Extra Extra Blood & Blood & Water Water RetentionRetention

4.5 lb4.5 lb

Breast Breast TissueTissue

3 lb3 lb

Maternal Maternal Stores of Stores of ProteinProtein

4 lb4 lb