1 adjustable prediction-based reversible data hiding authors: chin-feng lee and hsing-ling chen...
TRANSCRIPT
1
Adjustable prediction-based reversible data hiding
Authors: Chin-Feng Lee and Hsing-Ling Chen
Source: Digital Signal Processing, Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 941–953, 2012
2
Outline
Introduction
Proposed method
Experimental results
Conclusions
3
Introduction
100 100
100 150
Tseng and Hsieh’s scheme
Prediction value (P) = (100 + 100)/2 = 100
100 100 200
100 150 200
200 200 200
Proposed scheme
1504/)ˆˆˆˆ( DRDLURUL IIIIP
2002/))1,(),1((),(ˆ
1502/))1,(),1((),(ˆ
1502/))1,(),1((),(ˆ
1002/))1,(),1((),(ˆ
yxIyxIyxI
yxIyxIyxI
yxIyxIyxI
yxIyxIyxI
DR
DL
UR
UL
4
The proposed scheme- Embedding phase
100 102 101
99 101 105
103 102
Cover image
Threshold (T) = 0
01
Extra data: 0
5
The proposed scheme- Embedding phase
100 102 101
99 105
103 102 1
Modified image
T = 0s = 1C = 101P = 101d = 101 – 101 = 0P’ = P + 2*d + s = 101 + 2 * 0 + 1 = 102
101102-255 255d = 0
T = 0
6
The proposed scheme- Embedding phase
100 102 101
99 102
103 102 1
Modified image
T = 0s = 1C = 105P = 76d = 105 – 76 = 29P’ = C + T + 1 = 105 + 0 + 1 = 106
105106-255 255d = 29
T = 0
7
The proposed scheme- Embedding phase
100 102 101
99 102 106
103 1
Modified image
T = 0s = 1C = 102P = 76d = 102 – 76 = 26P’ = C + T + 1 = 102 + 0 + 1 = 103
102103-255 255d = 26
T = 0
8
The proposed scheme- Embedding phase
100 102 101
99 102 106
103 103
Modified image
T = 0s = 1C = 1P = 104d = 1 – 104 = –103P’ = 1 – T – 1 = 1 – 0 – 1 = 0
10-255 255d = –103
T = 0
9
The proposed scheme- Extraction and recovery phase
100 102 101
99 102 106
103 103
Stego image
T’ = 2*T + 1 = 0 + 1 = 1P’ = 0P = 104d = 0 – 104 = –104C = 0 + T + 1 = 0 + 0 + 1 = 1
01 d = –104-255 255 0
T’ = 1
10
The proposed scheme- Extraction and recovery phase
100 102 101
99 102 106
103 1
Stego image
T’ = 1P’ = 103P = 76d = 103 – 76= 27C = 103 – T – 1 = 103 – 0 – 1 = 102
103102 d = 27-255 255
T’ = 1
0
11
The proposed scheme- Extraction and recovery phase
100 102 101
99 102
103 102 1
Stego image
T’ = 1P’ = 106P = 76d = 106 – 76= 30C = 106 – T – 1 = 106 – 0 – 1 = 105
106105d = 30
-255 255
T’ = 1
0
12
The proposed scheme- Extraction and recovery phase
100 102 101
99 105
103 102 1
Stego image
T’ = 1P’ = 102P = 101d = 102 – 101 = 1s = d mod 2 = 1C = P – d / 2 = 101 – 1 / 2 = 101
102101
d = 1
-255 255
T’ = 1
0
13
The proposed scheme- Extraction and recovery phase
100 102 101
99 101 105
103 102
Modified image
T’ = 1
10
Extra data: 0
14
Experimental results
48.6 dB and 0.2 bpp
47.9 dB and 0.06 bpp
37.15 dB and 0.99 bpp
30.78 dB and 0.71 bpp
15
Experimental results
16
Experimental results- Lena
17
Experimental results- F-16
18
Experimental results- Baboon
19
Experimental results- Boats
20
Conclusions
This study proposes a reversible data hiding scheme that exploits the adjustment of prediction-errors to increase the embedding rate and reduce image distortion.
The proposed scheme exploits a threshold to achieve the flexibility in perceptual image quality and embedding.
21
Thank you.
22
Appendix
[16] J. Tian, “Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol. 13, pp. 890-896, 2003.
[17] Z. Ni, Y. Q. Shi, N. Ansari, and W. Su, “Reversible data hiding,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol. 16, pp. 354-362, 2006.
[19] W. L. Tai, C. M. Yeh, and C. C. Chang, “Reversible data hiding based on histogram modification of pixel differences,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol. 19, pp. 906-910, 2009.
23
Appendix
[20] D. M. Thodi and J. J. Rodriguez, “Expansion embedding techniques for reversible watermarking,” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 16, pp. 721-730, 2007.
[21] P. Tsai, Y. C. Hu, and H. L. Yeh, “Reversible image hiding scheme using predictive coding and histogram shifting,” Signal Processing, Vol. 89, pp. 1129-1143, 2009.
[22] K. S. Kim, M. J. Lee, H. Y. Lee, and H. K. Lee, “Reversible data hiding exploiting spatial correlation between sub-sampled images,” Pattern Recognition, Vol. 42, pp. 3083-3096, 2009.
24
Appendix
[25] Y. C. Liu, H. C. Wu, and S. S. Yu, “Adaptive DE-based reversible steganographic technique using bilinear interpolation and simplified location map,” Multimedia Tools and Applications, Vol. 52, pp. 263-276, 2011.
[26] C. F. Lee and H. L. Chen, “Reversible data hiding based on histogram modification of prediction-error,” Imaging Science Journal, Vol. 59, pp. 278-292, 2011.
[27] H. W. Tseng and C. P. Hsieh, “Prediction-based reversible data hiding,” Information Sciences, Vol. 179, pp. 2460-2460, 2009.