1 Advanced Placement United States History 2 1.Why was America socially, economically, and politically reluctant to become involved in what would become WWII? 2. WWII marked beginning of a real civil rights movement among Black Americans. Why? 3. The New Deal did not stop the G.D. WWII did. Assess. 4. Dropping the bomb was necessary to end the war. To what extent was this true for those making the decision in Respond to the following statement: It was easier for America to drop the atomic bomb on Japan because the Japanese are racially different from the majority of Americans; America would never have dropped an atomic bomb on Europe. 6. What perceptions or misperceptions at the end of WWII created the Cold War? 7. Why did America emerge into the post World War 2 era as a super power? 3 World War II USS Shaw Pearl Harbor December 7th 4 Japans Goals Fear of disruption of internal order Fear of disruption of internal order Meiji Restoration Government Meiji Restoration Government Militarism (Samurai Tradition) Militarism (Samurai Tradition) Interwar years Intensive rise in Racism & Nationalism Interwar years Intensive rise in Racism & Nationalism Problems: Geographic Limitations Problems: Geographic Limitations Solution: Displace U.S. & Britain in China Solution: Displace U.S. & Britain in China Manchurian Incident Manchurian Incident Henry L. Stimson- Internationalist Henry L. Stimson- Internationalist Puppet state Manchukuo; Manchuria (1931) Puppet state Manchukuo; Manchuria (1931) League of Nations Hoover Kellogg Briand Economic sanctions opposed Economic sanctions opposed Stimson Doctrine Stimson Doctrine 6 Italys Goals Perennially poor Perennially poor Betrayed by Versailles Betrayed by Versailles Benito Mussolini Benito Mussolini Fascism Fascism 1922 March on Rome 1922 March on Rome Axis Powers- Germany & Italy Axis Powers- Germany & Italy 7 Germany Interwar Years Adolf Hitler (Austrian) Adolf Hitler (Austrian) WWI Infantryman w/ Germans WWI Infantryman w/ Germans Weimar Republic Weimar Republic Beer Hall Putsch (coup) 1923 Beer Hall Putsch (coup) 1923 Mein Kampf Mein Kampf 8 Good Neighbor Policy Was it national neutrality neurosis? Was it national neutrality neurosis? U.S. Endorsement of Non-Intervention U.S. Endorsement of Non-Intervention Renunciation of Roosevelt Corollary Renunciation of Roosevelt Corollary Philippines- Tydings McDuffie Act (1934) Philippines- Tydings McDuffie Act (1934) Haiti Haiti Cuba Cuba Nicaragua Nicaragua Mexico Mexico London Economic Conference (1933) London Economic Conference (1933) New Deal Tariff Policy New Deal Tariff Policy Reciprocal Trade Agreement Acts 9 Nye Committee Hearings WWI Munitions / Banking Recommended Neutrality Walter Millis The Road to War: America Gerald P. Nye (Rep., S.D.) 10 Neutrality Acts of 35, 36, 37 No Lusitania this time! Reoccupation Rhineland Reoccupation Rhineland Mussolini Ethiopia Mussolini Ethiopia Japan- Nullifies 5 Power Japan- Nullifies 5 Power 11 East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere Panay Incident Panay Incident Rape of Nanking Dec 1937 Rape of Nanking Dec % Americans U.S. out of war 97% Americans U.S. out of war Quarantine Speech 1937 Quarantine Speech 1937 U.S. Appeasement Rape of Nanking 12 Munich Conference - Appeasement Anchluss (union) 1938 with Austria Anchluss (union) 1938 with Austria Munich Appeasement Sept 1938 Munich Appeasement Sept 1938 Neville Chamberlain Neville Chamberlain Edouard Deladier Edouard Deladier Sudetenland -German speaking western portion of Czechoslovakia Sudetenland -German speaking western portion of Czechoslovakia 13 14 Neutrality Act of 1939 (Cash & Carry) Hitler-Stalin Pact Aug 1939 Invasion of Poland Sept 1939 Britain & France declared war Cash &Carry Hitler must be defeated 15 America First Committee 1940 Charles Lindbergh Opposed all Aid to BritainOpposed all Aid to Britain FDR a War MongerFDR a War Monger KristallnachtKristallnacht November 9,10, 1938 Night of Broken Glass Night of Broken Glass Phony War 16 Blietzkrieg April 9-June 22 Maginot Line Maginot Line Denmark/Norway Denmark/Norway Netherlands/Belgium Netherlands/Belgium France/Dunkirk France/Dunkirk Charles De Gaulle Charles De Gaulle Vichy Government Vichy Government Prime Minister Winston Churchill Prime Minister Winston Churchill 17 Britain goes it alone FDR floats trial balloons Winston Churchill Winston Churchill Battle of Britain Battle of Britain we shall never surrender we shall never surrender Battle of the Atlantic Battle of the Atlantic FDR FDR Top secret atomic energy program Top secret atomic energy program Two ocean navy Two ocean navy $37 Billion $37 Billion Selective Service Act 1940 Selective Service Act 1940 18 The Destroyer Deal - Sept U.S. Gives Britain 50 old World War I Destroyers for Eight Naval Bases Used to Fight German U-Boats in the Atlantic. all aid short of war 19 FDR Breaks Two Term Tradition 1940 Election vs. Franklin Roosevelt, Democrat Wendell Wilkie, Republican 20 The Four Freedoms Speech: January 6, 1941 Delivered before Congress * from Fear * from Want * of Speech * to Worship 21 The Four Freedoms: World War II Poster by Norman Rockwell from FEAR 22 The Four Freedoms: World War II Poster by Norman Rockwell of SPEECH 23 Undeclared War on Germany Lend Lease Feb 1941 Lend Lease Feb 1941 Bill #1776 An Act Further to Promote the Defense of the United States Bill #1776 An Act Further to Promote the Defense of the United States Arsenal of Democracy Arsenal of Democracy sell, lend, lease, exchange, or transfer sell, lend, lease, exchange, or transfer Extended to Soviet Union Extended to Soviet Union 24 Atlantic Conference after the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny, (we) hope to see established a peace which will afford all men (the means to) live out their lives in freedom from fear and want August 9-12, 1941 The Atlantic Charter: 25 Atlantic Conference Secret Agreement FDR promised Churchill that U.S. Navy ships would pursue and attack Nazi U-boats in the Atlantic until an incident was created to provide a cause for war. USS Greer 9/41 Shoot on Sight USS Reuben James 10/31/41 Merchant Ships Armed 26 Pearl Harbor Attack December 7, ,403 Servicemen Killed Tojo & Matsuoka Dec of War on Japan Dec 8 Hitler on U.S. Dec 11 27 I fear we have only awakened a sleeping giant.Admiral Yamamoto December 8, 1941 28 Washington Conference FDR & Churchill adopt a policy of Europe First that considers Germany the greater danger than Japan. Dec. 22, 1941 to Jan. 14, 1942 29 War on the Home Front War Production Board War Production Board Unions Unions African Americans African Americans Japanese Internment Japanese Internment Women Women Braceros Braceros Code Talkers (Windtalkers) Code Talkers (Windtalkers) Zoot Suit Riots (Los Angeles) Zoot Suit Riots (Los Angeles) 30 March on Washington, 1941 A. Philip Randolph Demands Jobs for Blacks in Defense Industry 31 March on Washington, 1941 FDR Issues Executive Order 8802 Guaranteeing Blacks Jobs in Defense Plants Fair Employment Practices Commission Fair Employment Practices Commission Double V Double V 32 March on Washington, 1941 A. Philip Randolph would later organize the 1963 March on Washington where Martin Luther King, Jr. delivers his I Have a Dream Speech WWII Poster Promoting Racial Unity 33 Executive Order ,000 Japanese Americans Ordered Interned, 1942 34 Waiting for the Signal from Home. Dr. Seuss Korematsu v. U.S. decision upheld internment Ex parte Endo forbade internment of loyal Japanese- Americans 35 Japanese American Internment Anti-Asian Racism Anger over Pearl Harbor Fear of Jap Invasion Fear of Jap Sabotage CAUSED BY: 36 Nisei Soldiers in U.S. Army Daniel Inouye, 1st Lt., 442nd Regimental Combat Team later: U.S. Senator, Hawaii 37 War Propaganda Promoted Vigilance, sometimes this translated as mistrust. 38 War Propaganda Promoted Vigilance, sometimes this translated as social change. for African Americansfor women 39 War Propaganda Promoted Vigilance, sometimes it urged harder work. 40 War Propaganda Promoted Vigilance, sometimes it urged conservation. Step on it, kid, ya got gas and rubber to burn! 41 42 43 North African Invasion November 8, 1942 44 Casablanca Conference The Allied Powers demand Unconditional Surrender from the Axis nations. Eisenhower & FDR January 14-23, 1943 45 Invasion of Sicily & Italy August 1943 46 Teheran Conference November 28-December 2, 1943 StalinChurchillRoosevelt 47 Accomplishments of Teheran: Britain and U.S.A. to Open Second Front Against Nazis in Europe D-Day Invasion Disagree Over Partitioning of Germany Agreed to Occupation Zones Instead 48 Invasion of Europe D-Day June 6, 1944 Normandy, France 49 Roosevelts Fourth Term, 1944 Thomas Dewey Republican 50 Yalta Conference Feb 4 - Feb 11, 1945 Details of United Nations Security Council Details of United Nations Security Council Soviets to Attack Japan after Nazi Surrender Soviets to Attack Japan after Nazi Surrender Allies Unwilling Acquiesce to Soviet Dominance in Eastern Europe Allies Unwilling Acquiesce to Soviet Dominance in Eastern Europe But agreed to annex of eastern Poland in return for free elections in Poland itself But agreed to annex of eastern Poland in return for free elections in Poland itself 51 Changing of the Guard: FDR: Died Warm Spring, GA. April 12, 1945 Vice President Harry S Truman 52 VE Day Victory in Europe Nazis Surrender, New York Crowd Celebrates May 7, 1945 53 Potsdam Conference July 16, 1945-August 2, 1945 Clement AtleeHarry TrumanJoseph Stalin 54 Atomic Bombs Alamogordo, NM July 16, 1945 Hiroshima August 6, 1945 August 6, 1945Nagasaki August 9, 1945 55 VJ Day Victory Over Japan Celebrations in Times Square, NYC, Aug. 14, 1945 56 FDR and World War II THE END USS Missouri 57 Prime Minister Tideki Tojo 58 War Criminals 59 Atlantic Aug 1941 Churchill & FDR Atlantic Aug 1941 Churchill & FDR Washington Dec 1941 Churchill & FDR Washington Dec 1941 Churchill & FDR Casablanca- Jan 1943 Churchill & FDR Casablanca- Jan 1943 Churchill & FDR Cairo- Nov 1943 Churchill, FDR, Jiang Cairo- Nov 1943 Churchill, FDR, Jiang Teheran- Teheran- Yalta Yalta Potsdam Potsdam 60