1 advancing a low carbon and sustainable water economy water in a world of 7 billion session 4:...
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Advancing a Low Carbon and Sustainable Water Economy
Water in a World of 7 Billion
Session 4: Getting at the Water-Energy Nexus
May 8-12, 2012
Eddy Isaacs, CEOAlberta Innovates - Energy & Environment Solutions (AI-EES)
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AI-EES Strategic Priorities
Energy Technologies
Environmental Management
Renewable & Emerging Resources
STRATEGIC AREAS PROGRAMS
Water Resources
•HC Recovery & Processing•Clean Carbon & Coal •Unconventional Gas
•Renewable Energy•Alternative Fuels
•Carbon Capture & Storage • Oil Sands Tailings• Enhanced Ecology
•Water Security - Risk and Safety•Watershed & Ecosystem•Efficiency of Water Use
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• Regional water quantity & quality issues in the oil sands region
• Development of standards for return of water to the environment
• Wetlands as a feature of reclamation activities• Regional water management & sharing opportunities• Alternate uses of produced water, integration with
new economic opportunities• Water use & opportunities related to renewable
energy & emerging fuels
Cross-Cutting Water Initiatives in AI-EES ...
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Energy and Water Nexus in the Alberta Context• Water for Energy
How much water consumption is for electricity? How much water consumption is for fuels? What reductions are possible?
• Energy for Water How much energy consumption is for water treatment? What reductions are possible?
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Water Consumption for Electricity
Plant Type Cooling Process
Water Consumption,
gal/MWhNatural Gas – Steam Turbine
Open-loop 100 - 250
Closed-loop 160 - 690
Coal/ biomass – Steam Turbine
Open-loop 200 - 300
Closed-loop 300 - 480
NuclearOpen-loop 140- 400
Closed-loop 590 - 850
Concentrated Solar Thermal Closed-loop 740 - 890
Wind 0
Sources: EPRI, USDOE and Argonne National Lab
Open-loop
Closed-loop
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What about Carbon Capture• 40 – 80% increase in water consumption• Example, high rank coals
Source: USDOE/NETL Report, “Cost & Performance Baseline for Fossil Energy Plants, May 2007”
0
40
80
120
Leve
lized
Cos
t of
Elec
tric
ity (m
ills/
kWh)
IGCC NGCC PC-Sub PC-Super
No Capture
IGCC NGCC PC-Sub PC-Super
No Capture With Capture
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Water Consumption for Fuel
Fuel or FeedstockNet Fresh Water
Consumed, gal per gal of fuel
Notes
Gasoline (US Conventional) 3.4 – 6.6 PADD II, III, and V combined
Gasoline (Saudi Conventional) 2.8 – 5.8 Dependent on age of well
Gasoline (Oil Sands) 2.6 – 6.2 Includes thermal recovery, upgrading and refining
Corn Ethanol 17 - 239 Variation caused by irrigation requirements
Switchgrass ethanol 2 – 9.8 Dependent on production technology
Source: Argonne National Lab, 2011
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Water Consumption per unit Energy and Water Use for Fuel Extraction & processing
Source: Report to Congress on the Interdependency of Energy & Water, USDOE, 2006
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Advanced Oil Sands Technologies to Decrease GHG Emissions and Water Use
Decrease Fresh water Use
Dec
reas
ing
GH
G E
mis
sion
s
SAGD, CSS
Best-in-class SAGD
Energy EfficiencySAGD, CSS
Steam-solvent
Electrical heating
Combustion
Non-aqueousExtraction
Surface Minning
Energy Efficiencyrefining, mining
Current
5 - 10 years
10 - 20 years
CCS
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Examples of Reduced Energy and Reduced Water Recovery Processes
• Solvent Processes VAPEX Thermal Solvent Processes
• Steam Solvent Processes SAP ES-SAGD LASER
Potential Versus Steam Processes
VAPEX Thermal Solvent Steam Solvent
Energy Use ~ -90% - 40 to -80% - 10 to -30%Water Use ~ -100% ~ -90% - 10 to -25%Recovery Rate - 80% -50 to +25% + 20 to +40%Increased Recovery N Y Y
Challenges: Depth, Reservoir Quality, Solvent Losses, Cost & Availability
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Future Electrical Processes
Potential Versus SAGD
Energy Use - 50% +
Water Use - 50%
Increased Recovery Rate ?
Increased Recovery ?
• Electrical Processes Transfer of electrons between wells in situ EM field development, energy transfer and
viscosity reduction Oil displacement & gravity drainage to production
well• ET-DSP• ETI/ECP (GE Tech)• Siemens• Harris
Challenges: Electricity source & cost, land disturbance, process efficiency
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Energy and Water Nexus in the Alberta Context• Water for Energy
How much water consumption is for electricity? How much water consumption is for fuels? What reductions are possible?
• Energy for Water How much energy consumption is for water treatment? What reductions are possible?
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Report – To Be Released May 16, 2012
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Impact of Increased Water Recycle on GHG Emissions
90 92 94 96 98 100
Ener
gy (G
HG
)
Produced Water Recycle Rate (%)
High TDS
Low TDS
*zero liquid discharge
AI-EES Study:• Assess impact of water recycling on
energy use, waste generation
• Find “sweet” spots between water recycling & energy
• New technology opportunities
9 companies , ADOE, AENV, ERCB
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Commercially Proven Methods to Treat Produced Water from a Thermal in-situ Production Facility
Oil/Water Separation
Reservoir OTSG BoilerEmulsion
ProducedWater
Oil
BFW<8,000 ppm TDS<50 ppm silica
organics
Lime Sludge (Silica / Hardness)Dewatering
(Centrifuges)
Steam
23% Blowdown~40,000 ppm TDS~200 ppm silica
Disposal Wells
RecycledBlowdown
SAGD Water Flow Diagram – Base Case 2 (WLS + OTSG, Efficient Design)
Make-up Water
Disposal WaterWater Retention
in Reservoir
Lime Softening/ Ion
Exchange
Dewatering Waste
Oil/Water Separation
Reservoir Evaporator OTSG BoilerEmulsion
ProducedWater
Oil
Steam
BFWEvaporator
quality water
SAGD Water Flow Diagram – Option 2A (Evaporator + OTSG)
OTSG Blowdown
18%
95%
5%
Electrical Power
Water Retentionin Reservoir
Disposal Water
Disposal Wells
DWT
Silica Waste
Chemicals
Make-up Water Produced Water Evaporation
Warm Lime Softening
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Minimize Water Use: Water Recycling
• Reduce fresh water use
• Use saline water as make-up
• Trade-off between energy and water: need new technologies
Oil/Water Separation
Reservoir Evaporator Drum BoilersEmulsion
ProducedWater
Oil
Steam
BFWEvaporator
quality water
SAGD Flow Diagram – Option 9 (Evaporator w/ ZLD on Blowdown)
Make-up Water3-5%
Blowdown
Electrical Power
ZLD
Electrical Power
Contaminated Salt/Solids to
Landfill
Disposal Water0% Losses
Water Retentionin Reservoir
Typically 5-15%
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What About Membranes?
Parameter Current Within 10 years
Power use, kWh/kgal ~ $ 10 ~$ 7
Productivity, gal/day/membrane 6,500 – 12,500 15, 000 – 25, 000
Useful life 5 – 7 years 10 – 12 years
Key Issue: Deoiling efficiency
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Positioning Alberta for the Future in Energy and EnvironmentAnnual Report 2010-2011
www.AI-EES.CA
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Technology Deployment Roadmap & Action Plan for “End-To-End” Solutions for Oil Sands Tailings
• Supports Alberta Environment Tailings Management Framework
• Industry partners: Syncrude, Suncor, Shell, CNRL, IOL, Total and Teck
• Accelerate technology deployment
• Information sharing