1 afex treatment on poplar and hydrolysis balan venkatesh, shishir chundawat and bruce e. dale bcrl,...
TRANSCRIPT
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AFEX Treatment on Poplar and Hydrolysis
Balan Venkatesh, Shishir Chundawat and Bruce E. Dale
BCRL, Michigan State University (www.everythingbiomass.org)
2nd March 2006(Integration of Leading Biomass Pretreatment Technologies , CAFI-2)
Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science
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Agenda
• Optimizing the AFEX pretreatment conditions (higher temperature and ammonia loading) for low lignin (small batch) and high lignin (large batch) Poplar
• Effect of water soaking before AFEX and water washing after AFEX
• Enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulases, hemicellulase and additives like surfactant
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Experimental Conditions:
• Water soaking: Ten times the weight of biomass (untreated) for 24 hrs • AFEX condition (as given under each figure)• Hydrolysis reaction condition: 50 oC, pH 4.8, 90 rpm• In all experiments 15 FPU/g glucan (31.3 mg/g glucan) of Spezyme and in some reaction of multifect xylanase (3.1 mg/g glucan) was used• In some reactions 0.35 g surfactant /g glucan (Tween 80) was used for 15 ml reaction volume.• Hydrolyzed products were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC• Calculations were done based on theoretical glucan (45.1%) and xylan (17.8%) content.
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0
25
50
75
100
168h
72h
% G
lucan
co
nvers
ion
Pretreatment Temperature 180 oC
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60
80
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168h
72h
% X
ylan
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Pretreatment Temperature 180 oC
Effect of ammonia loading on 24 h water soaked (before AFEX) High Lignin Poplar
C- CellulaseX- XylanaseA- AdditiveUT- Untreated
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0
25
50
75
100
120 o
C, C
120 o
C, C, X
120 o
C, C, X
, A
200 o
C, C
200 o
C, C, X
200 o
C, C, X
, A
120 o
C, C
120 o
C, C, X
120 o
C, C, X
, A
200 o
C, C
200 o
C, C, X
200 o
C, C, X
, AUT, C
UT, C, X
UT, C, X
, A
Avicel
168h
72h
% G
luca
n c
on
vers
ion
1:1 (BM:Ammonia) 1:1.5 (BM:Ammonia)
0
25
50
75
100
120 oC, C
120 oC, C
, X
120 oC, C
, X, A
200 oC, C
200 oC, C
, X
200 oC, C
, X, A
120 oC, C
120 oC, C
, X
120 oC, C
, X, A
200 oC, C
200 oC, C
, X
200 oC, C
, X, A
UT, C
UT, C, X
UT, C, X
, AAvicel
168h
72h
% X
ylan
co
nve
rsio
n
Effect of Temperature and ammonia loading on Low Lignin Poplar
C- CellulaseX- XylanaseA- AdditiveUT- UntreatedBM- Biomass
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0
20
40
60
80
100168h
72h1:1 (BM:Ammonia)
% G
luca
n c
on
vers
ion
0
20
40
60
80
100168h
72h
% X
ylan
co
nve
rsio
n
1:1 (BM:Ammonia)
Effect of Temperature and ammonia loading on 24 h water soaked (before AFEX) Low Lignin Poplar
??
C- CellulaseX- XylanaseA- AdditiveUT- UntreatedBM- Biomass
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Biomass (untreated/AFEX) (UCS - 143.8g, ACS - 145.5g)
DI Water 10ml/gm BM
Biomass Wash Slurry (15 min. soaking)
Washed Solids UCS - 94%, ACS - 87%
Wash Liquid
Fine solids <0.1%
Supernatant
9000 rpm
Filtration
Biomass (untreated/AFEX) (UCS - 143.8g, ACS - 145.5g)
DI Water 10ml/gm BM
Biomass Wash Slurry (15 min. soaking)
Washed Solids UCS - 94%, ACS - 87%
Wash Liquid
Fine solids <0.1%
Supernatant
9000 rpm
Filtration
For Corn Stover (UT) 6%, (AT) 13% (weight loss based on DBM) For Low Lignin Poplar (UT) 3% , (AT) 7% (weight loss based on DBM)
Mass Balance For Water Washing
UT- UntreatedAT- AFEX treatedCS- Corn stover
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0
20
40
60
80
100168h
72h
Low Lignin Poplar,
1:1 (BM:Ammonia), 120 oC, 5 min.
% G
lucan
Co
nvers
ion
0
20
40
60
80
100168h
72h
% G
lucan
Co
nvers
ion
High Lignin Poplar,
1:1 (BM:Ammonia), 120 oC, 5 min.
UT- UntreatedAT- AFEX treatedUG- UngroundedGR- GroundC- CellulaseX- XylanaseA- Additive (Tween 80)BM- Biomass
Effect of Grinding on Enzymatic hydrolysis
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Future work:• Modify the pretreatment condition for higher glucan conversions
• Effect of various additives and enzyme combinations on hydrolysis
• Wash stream analysis for lignin monomers and xylo-oligosaccharides by LC-MS, GC-MS
• Inhibitory effect of wash stream components on enzymes
Present results:• Increasing pretreatment temperature, improves glucan conversion
• Water soaking before AFEX further enhances glucan conversion
• Grinding aids AFEX pretreatment effectiveness and improves• enzymatic hydrolysis as well