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Unitea í^iaitío Department of Agriculture Aerial AppKcators Spray Äsr' Nozzle Handbook Service

AH-726

October 2004

United States Department of Agriculture Aerial Applicators Spray Aiïa^r' Nozzle Handbook Research Service

AH-726

October 2004

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800

Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001

ISBN 0-16-072326-4

Abstract

Kirk, I.W. 2004. Aerial Applicators Spray Nozzle Handbook. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, AH-726, 242 pp.

Some pesticide product labels specify application with a certain droplet spectra classification, and labels for many new and re- registered products are expected to require application within a specified range of the spray droplet spectrum (for example, medium or coarse). Pesticide applicators should know about droplet spectra classification and compliance with crop protection product labels. Pesticide applicators will also need to know how to achieve the specified droplet spectra classification with their application. Spray nozzle parameters, pressure, and airspeed are primary factors that influence droplet spectra classification from aerial spray nozzles. Computer spreadsheet models for spray nozzles commonly used on fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft were developed to permit applicators to select their spray nozzle, input the operational conditions for an application, and predict the expected droplet spectra classification. Atomization models are presented for 11 of the most commonly used spray nozzles on fixed-wing aircraft and 11 of the most commonly used spray nozzles on rotary-wing aircraft, as determined fi'om aerial applicator surveys. The models are included in this handbook, on CD-ROM, and on the Internet. These models provide a tool that aerial applicators can use to mitigate spray drift and ensure compliance with crop protection product label requirements when applying sprays with a specific droplet spectra classification. This handbook (with tabular model outputs from all of the nozzle models) is designed to be a reference manual for aerial applicators when computer access is inconvenient or unavailable.

Keywords: Aerial application, aerial spray nozzle, atomization model, droplet spectra classification, droplet spectrum, pesticide applicator, relative span, spray drift, spray nozzle, volume median diameter.

Mention of trade names, commercial products, or companies in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over others not mentioned.

This publication reports research involving pesticides. It does not contain recommendations for their use nor does it imply that uses discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State or Federal agencies or both before they can be recommended.

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax:(202)512-2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001.

Copies of this publication may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161; phone (703) 605-6000 or 1-800-553-6847.

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Acknowledgments

Appreciation is expressed to the staffs of BFGoodrich Delavan Spray Technologies, Bishop Equipment Manufacturing, Inc., CP Products, Inc., Lund Flying Service, Inc., and Spraying Systems Co., for providing nozzles used in these studies. Appreciation is expressed to P.C. Jank for diUgence in data collection and to H.D.V. Petersen for assistance with statistical design, analysis, and interpretation. Special appreciation is expressed to J.B. Boillot for encouragement and support to undertake this effort, to L.F. Bouse for advice and counsel throughout the project, to members of the NAAA Research and Technology Committee, D.R. Gardisser, and A.J. Hewitt for their review and comments on the handbook draft, and finally to G.W. Ivie, S.M. Hays, R.L. Coy, and C.A. Nathan for their efforts to get the handbook published.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Issued October 2004

ARS Mission As the principal in-house research arm of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS conducts research to develop and transfer solutions to agricultural problems of high national priority and provide information access and dissemination to: ensure high-quality, safe food, and other agricultural products, assess the nutritional needs of Americans, sustain a competitive agricultural economy, enhance the natural resource base and the environment, and provide economic opportunities for rural citizens, communities, and society as a whole.

For more information about ARS, visit the website at www.ars.usda.gov/.

in

Contents

Abstract ii Acknowledgments iii User Guide 1

Spreadsheet Models 1 Model Tables 1 Model Examples 3 Spray Nozzles for Fixed-Wing Aircraft 3 Spreadsheet Models 3 Model Tables 3 Spray Nozzles for Rotary-Wing Aircraft 3 Spreadsheet Models 3 Model Tables 5 Summary 5

Introduction 5 Objective 8 Equipment, Materials, and Methods 8 Results and Discussion 13 Spray Nozzles for Fixed-Wing Aircraft 15

Volume Median Diameter 15 Relative Span 15 Percentage of Spray Volume in Droplets Smaller

Than 100 |Lim 15 Percentage of Spray Volume in Droplets Smaller

Than 200 |im 16 Spray Nozzles for Rotary-Wing Aircraft 16

Volume Median Diameter 16 Relative Span 16 Percentage of Spray Volume in Droplets Smaller

Than 100 jim 16 Percentage of Spray Volume in Droplets Smaller

Than 200 |im 17 Validation of Spray Nozzle Models 17 Summary 19

Tables—Spray Nozzles for Fixed-Wing Aircraft 20 Table 1-L Atomization Parameters for 40° Flat Fan Nozzle

(Large Orifice) 20 Table 1-2. Atomization Parameters for 40'' Flat Fan Nozzle

(Small Orifice) 28 Table 1-3. Atomization Parameters for SO"" Flat Fan Nozzle 38 Table 1-4. Atomization Parameters for CP-03 Nozzle 48 Table 1-5. Atomization Parameters for CP-09 Nozzle 56 Table 1-6. Atomization Parameters for CP-llTT with Straight

Stream Tips Nozzle 64 Table 1-7. Atomization Parameters for Disc Orifice 46 Core

Ceramic Nozzle 73 Table 1-8. Atomization Parameters for Disc Orifice 46 Core

Nozzle 83 Table 1-9. Atomization Parameters for Disc Orifice 56 Core

Nozzle 93 Table 1-10. Atomization Parameters for Disc Orifice Straight

Stream Nozzle 103 Table 1-11. Atomization Parameters for Lund Straight Stream

Nozzle HI Tables—Spray Nozzles for Rotary-Wing Aircraft 116

Table 1-12. Atomization Parameters for 40'' Flat Fan Nozzle (Large Orifice) 116

Table 1-13. Atomization Parameters for 40'' Flat Fan Nozzle (Small Orifice) 128

Table 1-14. Atomization Parameters for 80° Flat Fan Nozzle 138

Table 1-15. Atomization Parameters for Accu-Flo Double Row Nozzle 148

Table 1-16. Atomization Parameters for Accu-Flo Single Row Nozzle 156

Table 1-17. Atomization Parameters for CP-03 Nozzle 164 Table 1-18. Atomization Parameters for CP DR High Volume

Flat Fan Nozzle 172

IV

Table 1-19. Atoniization Parameters for CP High Volume Flat Fan Nozzle..... 177

Table 1-20. Atoniization Parameters for Disc Orifice 46 Core Nozzle 185

Table 1-21. Atoniization Parameters for Disc Orifice Straight Stream Nozzle 195

Table 1-22. Atoniization Parameters for RD Raindrop Drift Reduction Nozzle 203

Tables—Model Tables Based on Spreadsheet Model Computations (Table 1) 211

Table 2-1. Coded Variable Levels Used for 27 Trials to Characterize Fixed-Wing and Rotary-Wing Spray Nozzle Atomization Performance 211

Table 2-2. Design Code and Actual Variable Levels Used for 27 Trials With 11 Fixed-Wing Aerial Nozzles to Characterize Atomization Performance 212

Table 2-3. Design Code and Actual Variable Levels Used for 27 Trials With 11 Rotary-Wing Aerial Nozzles to Characterize Atomization Performance 214

Table 2-4. Coefficients and Tenus for the Response Equations for Atomization Parameters for 11 Spray Nozzles for Fixed-Wing Aircraft 216

Table 2-5. Coefficients and Tenus for the Response Equations for Atomization Parameters for 11 Spray Nozzles for Rotary-Wing Aircraft 223

Table 2-6. Statistical Parameters for Response Surface Equations for 11 Fixed-Wing Nozzles 230

Table 2-7. Statistical Parameters for Response Surface Equations for 11 Rotary-Wing Nozzles 232

References 234

User Guide

Ready assessment of spray droplet size from aerial spray applications has long been a need expressed by aerial applicators. The emphasis on reducing spray drift and environmental trespass has placed an additional need for applicators to understand aerial spray atomization and to know how to determine droplet size from various nozzles and application conditions. Specifications for spray applications with a designated spray droplet size are appearing on product labels. Applicators must comply with product label specifications in accordance with Federal law. To meet these needs, atomization models were developed for aerial spray nozzles in common use on fixed-wing and rotary-wing agricultural aircraft.

The American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) developed a set of standardized criteria for assessing and characterizing sprays from agricultural nozzles, ASAE S572 AUG99, "Spray Nozzle Classification by Droplet Spectra." This standard defines droplet spectra classification (DSC) categories as Very Fine (VF), Fine (F), Medium (M), Coarse (C), Very Coarse (VC), and Extremely Coarse (XC). These categories are defined by a set of reference nozzles operated according to the ASAE standard and measured with a laser- based droplet-size spectrometer. The droplet size and cumulative volume fraction curves for the reference nozzles operated in a PMS laser spectrometer, according to the ASAE standard, are shown in figure 1-1. The DSC for a nozzle operation is established by the finer of the classification categories where the nozzle operation lies.

Spray nozzle manufacturers' catalogs often provide DSC and droplet- size data for selected nozzle and operator inputs for ground rig applications. However, those values are not relevant for aerial application because of the tremendous influence of air shear forces on atomization of sprays released fi*om aircraft. Since the more complicated aerial atomization process cannot be described in a single chart, graph, or table for a given nozzle, these computerized

models are used in relatively simple spreadsheet calculators. There are two methods presented in this handbook for aerial applicators to assess spray droplet size information: spreadsheet models and model tables computed from the spreadsheet models.

Spreadsheet models are computerized calculators for estimating aerial spray nozzle atomization parameters from the applicator's spray nozzle selection and input of planned operating conditions. The spreadsheet models are formatted in Microsoft Excel and are available on the companion CD-ROM. They are also available on the Internet at http://apmru.usda.gov/downloads/downloads.htm/. The applicator should begin by selecting the type of aircraft (fixed-wing or rotary-wing) and the atomization model for the nozzle to be used. The applicator must input orifice size, nozzle angle (or other specified nozzle parameter), spray pressure, and airspeed. After each parameter is entered, the model computes the expected atomization parameters for the conditions specified. Spreadsheet models provide a digital computation of spray nozzle atomization parameters and "what if computations of droplet size and relative spray drift expectations based on model inputs of different operating conditions.

Model tables are grouped separately by nozzles for fixed-wing aircraft and rotary-wing aircraft. The applicator should begin by selecting the series of tables for the type of aircraft and the nozzle to be used. Separate tables are presented for different combinations of orifice size and nozzle angle. Tabular values for D^^^ (volume median diameter), DSC (droplet spectra classification), and % < 100 (percent of the spray volume in droplets less than 100 i^m diameter) for each combination of orifice size and nozzle angle are presented for a range of spray pressures and aircraft airspeeds. Estimates of atomization parameters for intermediate pressures and airspeeds can be interpolated between identified points in the tables.

ARS College Station PMS Dvo.5 = 177Mm

ASAE Reference Nozzles —4—01F110

C O

o s

11.

E 3 o >

>

iS 3 E 3 O

278pm

.03F110

4iB\ar\

06F110

517(im

«-8008

636Mm

O-6510

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Droplet Diameter, (jm

Figure 1-1 - Droplet spectra classification category thresholds for the five ASAE S572 AUG99 reference nozzles.

Model Examples

Spray Nozzles for Fixed-Wing Aircraft

Spreadsheet models can help fixed-wing aircraft spray applicators to comply with a label specification for a DSC of Coarse. Suppose the applicator has selected disc orifice straight stream nozzles based on their propensity to produce a relatively coarse droplet spectrum with low drift potential. Orifice size 12 is selected to give the appropriate spray rate with the number of nozzles on the aircraft. The nozzles are oriented straight back, 0^ to reduce the effect of air shear on atomization. The applicator normally operates the aircraft at 130 mph and uses spray pressure of 30 psi. With these factors set, the model estimates a DSC of Medium. The applicator must now adjust operational factors to achieve a DSC of Coarse and understand that airspeed and spray pressure are primary factors in controlling droplet size and DSC from the straight stream nozzles. Alternatives for the applicator to consider are decreasing airspeed or increasing spray pressure or both. Data from experimentation with airspeed and pressure entered in the model show that increasing pressure to 60 psi and decreasing airspeed to 120 mph will give a DSC of Coarse with an orifice size 12. Reducing airspeed and increasing pressure changed the flow rate so that an orifice size 10 was more appropriate for the desired spray rate. The model predicted a DSC of Coarse as required on the product label while maintaining pressure at 60 psi and airspeed at 120 mph and changing orifice size to 10. The spreadsheet with the selected alternative is shown in figure 1-2. It is important to note from the model estimates that the percentage of spray volume in the highly driftable portion of the droplet spectrum, less than 100 ¡am diameter, was reduced from more than 5 percent with the setup normally used by the applicator to less than 1 percent with the selected alternative.

Model tables can be used in the same manner as in the example with the computerized spreadsheet models. It is apparent that a DSC of Coarse cannot be achieved at an airspeed of 130 mph and pressure of 30 psi for fixed-wing aircraft, disc orifice straight stream nozzle, D12 orifice, and 0° nozzle angle (table 1-10). The DSC for this setup is Medium with Z)^^^ of 328 ^im. It is also apparent that a DSC of Coarse could be achieved from this nozzle with an airspeed of 120 mph and pressure of 50 to 60 psi (110 mph and 30 to 50 psi or 100 mph and 20 psi are other possible options, with D^^^ of 450 to 526 \xm). Similar observations on altematives with an orifice size 10 can also be made from the table. The table for fixed-wing aircraft, disc orifice straight stream nozzle, orifice size 10, and 0^ nozzle angle shows that an airspeed of 130 mph and pressure of 60 psi would have a DSC of Coarse. It is also clear from the table that the percentage of spray volume in the highly driftable portion of the droplet spectrum, less than 100 (im diameter at 120 mph, is less than that at 130 mph.

Spray Nozzles for Rotary-Wing Aircraft

Spreadsheet models can help rotary-wing aircraft spray applicators to comply with the DSC specified on the label of a given product. Sometimes an applicator with a rotary-wing aircraft needs to apply a given product in a DSC of Very Coarse, and the applicator selects Accu-Flo single row 0.028 orifice nozzles based on their propensity to produce relatively large droplets in a relatively narrow range of droplet sizes. The applicator then selects the rotary-wing model for Accu-Flo single row nozzles. Orifice size is set at 0.028 in the model. The applicator has number 8 restrictor orifices in the nozzles so the restrictor size is set at 8 in the model. The applicator understands that higher spray pressure with straight stream nozzles gives a larger droplet spectrum with less driftable fine droplets, so the applicator selects and enters pressure in the model at 60 psi. The applicator normally operates the rotary-wing aircraft at 60 mph and thus enters

DISC ORIFICE STRAIGHT STREAM NOZZLE FOR USE ON FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT

Directions: Enter DISC ORIFICE STRAIGHT STREAM nozzle settings, pressure, and airspeed in the cells highlighted below. (Atomization parameters are valid only with nozzle and operational settings specified in the Acceptable Range.)

Orifice Size, Nozzle Angle, Pressure, Airspeed, degrees psi mpli

Acceptable Range: 4to 12 Oto20 20to60 100 to 160

I 10 I m nri nÊi Application parameters are displayed in the box below.

CAUTION: Do not enter or clear data in the cells in this boxl Dvo.B ■

RS s %V<100Mms %V<200Mni B

518 |jm 1.33 0.92% 3.16%

DSC s COARSE

B Volume median diameter = Relative Span - Percentage of spray volume in droplets smaller than 100 |jm diameter. - Percentage of spray volume in droplets smaller than 200 pm diameter.

= ASAE SS72 AUG99 Droplet Spectra Classification.

Values and classifications reported here are least-squares best-estimate predictions from experimental data collected in a wind tunnel. Values reported from other laboratories may not yield the exact same values, but similar trends would be expected.

The ASAE droplet spectra classification category is based on droplet sizes in the mid-80% of the spectmm and not a single data point.

Figure 1-2. Fixed-wing disc orifice straight stream nozzle model with operator inputs of orifice size =10, nozzle angle = 0^, spray pressure = 60 psi, and airspeed =120 mph.

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that airspeed into the computer model. With these factors set, the model estimates a DSC of Extremely Coarse. The applicator must now adjust factors to achieve a very coarse spray and understand that airspeed and spray pressure are primary factors in controlling droplet size and DSC from straight stream nozzles. Alternatives for the applicator to consider are increasing airspeed or decreasing spray pressure or both. Data from experimentation with airspeed and pressure entered in the model show that reducing pressure to 20 psi and increasing airspeed to 80 mph will give a DSC of Very Coarse. The spreadsheet with the selected alternative is shown in figure 1-3. (Other combinations of airspeed and pressure will also give a DSC of Very Coarse.)

Model tables can be used in a similar manner as the computerized spreadsheet models. It is apparent that the DSC for the selected pressure of 60 psi and an airspeed of 60 mph setup is extremely coarse with D^^^ of 1,062 ¡im for rotary-wing aircraft, Accu-Flo single row nozzle, and 0.028 orifice, 8 restrictor (table 1-16). It is also apparent that a DSC of Very Coarse could be achieved with this nozzle with an airspeed of 70 to 80 mph and pressure of 20 to 60 psi (60 mph and 20 psi or 90 mph and 30 to 60 psi are other possible options). However, it is also clear that the percentage of spray volume in the highly driftable portion of the droplet spectrum, less than 100 ^im diameter, is lower for the lower airspeeds.

pressure for straight stream nozzles. Similar observations with other nozzles on the influence of operating variables on droplet size and driftable fine droplets will help aerial applicators to better understand the principles that influence spray atomization from different types of nozzles on agricultural aircraft.

These spray nozzle atomization studies were conducted with new nozzles and with a reasonably typical worst-case water-based spray mix. Both nozzle condition and spray mix properties affect spray atomization and droplet size, so the model and tabular data are estimates of performance that may be expected with similar nozzles and spray mixes for most conventional applications. However, applicators should be aware of the many nozzle factors that affect droplet size, such as worn nozzle orifices and cores and incorrectly aligned orifices and deflectors. Nozzles from different manufacturers and those made of different materials may also influence droplet size. Adjuvants of various types are marketed to enhance spray performance and control atomization. If in doubt, applicators should contact manufacturers for specific information on the influence of specific products on spray atomization and droplet size. The spreadsheet models and the model tables provide additional tools and guidance for responsible stewardship of aerial spray applications.

Introduction

Summary

The objective of these assessments is to obtain the droplet size or droplet-size category specified on the label for application of a given product and to minimize the percentage of driftable fine droplets in the spray droplet spectrum for its application. It is apparent from the model examples that droplet size decreases with increasing airspeed and decreasing spray pressure, and that the percentage of driftable fine droplets increases with increasing airspeed and decreasing spray

The Spray Drift Task Force (SDTF), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USD A) have worked together under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) to develop information on spray drift that could be used by regulators, agricultural chemical companies, and pesticide applicators to reduce incidents of damaging spray drift. The American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE), through its Cooperative Standards Program, developed a set of standardized

ACCU-FLO SINGLE ROW NOZZLE FOR USE ON ROTARY-WING AIRCRAFT

Directions: Enter ACCU-FLO SINGLE ROW nozzle settings, pressure, and airspeed in the cells highlighted below. (Atomization parameters are valid only with nozzle and operational settings specified in the Acceptable Range.)

Tube Size Restrictor Pressurei Airspeed, Size, psi mph

Acceptable Range: 0.028 to 0.063 4 to 12 20 to 60 30 to 100 10028 i m nn nn

Application parameters are displayed in the box below. CAUTION: Do not enter or clear data In the cells in this box! 1

Dvo.8 = 632 litn » Volume median diameter RS = 1.38 » Relative Span

%V<100Hm = 1.37% s Percentage of spray volume in droplets smaller than 100 ^m diameter. %V<200Mm » 3.42% = Percentage of spray volume in droplets smaller than 200 pm diameter.

DSC» VERY COARSE ' ASAE S572 AUG99 Droplet Spectra Classification.

Values and classifications reported here are least-squares best-estimate predictions from experimental data collected in a wind tunnel. Values reported from other laboratories may not yield the exact same values, but similar trends would be expected.

The ASAE droplet spectra classification category is based on droplet sizes in the mid-80% of the spectrum and not a single data point.

Figure 1-3. Rotary-wing Accu-Flo single row nozzle model with operator inputs of tube size = 0.028, restrictor size = 8, spray pressure = 20 psi, and airspeed = 80 mph.

criteria, ASAE S572 AUG99, "Spray Nozzle Classification by Droplet Spectra" (Womac et al. 1999; ASAE Standards 2000), which was fashioned after a similar standard developed by the British Crop Protection Council (Doble et al. 1985; Southcombe et al. 1997). Both standards characterize sprays by ranges of droplet sizes. The British Crop Protection Council uses "spray quality" as the general term for all droplet size categories; while the ASAE standard uses the general term "droplet spectra classification" (DSC). The ASAE standard will be used in the U.S. for classifying agricultural sprays. This standard defines DSC categories as Very Fine (VF), Fine (F), Medium (M), Coarse (C), Very Coarse (VC), and Extremely Coarse (XC). These categories are ñirther defined by a set of reference spray nozzles operating at specified conditions and measured by a laser-based droplet-size spectrometer.

Specific thresholds between adjacent categories are not specified in the standard because they are a function of the reference nozzles and the laser instrument being used to measure the spray droplet spectra. The standard specifies that the same laser instrument must be used for classifying the reference nozzles.

Ground spray applicators can obtain DSC data for nozzles from color-coded charts available from nozzle manufacturers. Determining DSC from aerial applicafions is more complex because of the additional atomization from air shear due to aircraft speed. Aerial applicators have long known that small droplets are more prone to drift than large droplets, but information on spray droplet atomization or DSC from a given set of spray nozzles and aerial application conditions has not been easy to assess. Some pesticide product labels already specify application with a certain DSC or volume median diameter (D^^^), and labels for many new and re-registered products are expected to have similar specifications. Aerial pesticide applicators need to know how to achieve the specified DSC or D^^^ with their equipment setup and application conditions. Spray nozzle

parameters, pressure, and airspeed are primary factors that inñuence DSC from aerial spray nozzles.

There are a number of reports in the technical literature on droplet sizes from different nozzles operating under various conditions (Akesson 1954; Akesson and Gibbs 1990; Bouse 1994; Hewitt 1995, 1997; Picot et al. 1990; Skyler and Barry 1991; and Yates et al. 1985). However, droplet-size data from these reports for a given application are of limited use to applicators because the test conditions reported might be different from those that the applicators want to use. Usefulness of droplet-size data from these reports is further limited if the applicator is seeking a specific DSC, because those definitions and comparable data on ASAE S572 AUG99 reference nozzles were not available when the studies were conducted.

The National Agricultural Aviation Association (NAAA) requested USDA to develop atomization models for spray nozzles used by fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft spray applicators and to develop a manual for aerial applicators' use. Consequently, in 1999 NAAA and USDA surveyed 1,000 aerial applicators, of whom 107 responded, to determine which spray nozzles were the most commonly used. Models were subsequently developed for the most commonly used spray nozzles on 11 fixed-wing and 11 rotary-wing agricultural aircraft (Kirk 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001). These models, implemented in computer spreadsheets, permit aerial applicators to estimate D^^^, DSC, and percentages of driftable fine droplets from operator-specified application conditions with selected spray nozzles. Model estimates from input conditions will permit aerial applicators to adjust operating conditions to comply with product label specifications for spray application with a specified DSC or D^^y Model estimates of fine droplet content from applicator input conditions will also permit aerial applicators to assess and adjust operations to control spray drift.

Objective

The objective of this handbook is to present aerial spray nozzle atomization models in tabular format for use as a reference manual at the mix and load station, in the field, or at other locations where computer access is impractical or unavailable.

Equipment, Materials, and iVJethods

An agricultural aircraft spray nozzle test facility, previously described by Bouse and Carlton (1985) and Bouse (1994), was used to conduct the study. The arrangement of treatments for each spray nozzle study was from a series of multifactor experimental designs developed by Box and Behnken (1960).^ The design selected is a rotatable second- order design for studying 4 variables, each at 3 levels, in 27 trials. The design prescribes variable levels for 27 trials or treatments to characterize the nozzle atomization parameters with 14 degrees of freedom for regression and 12 degrees freedom for error. The general form of the experimental design specifies experimental points coded as -1, 0, and +1 for each variable. The coded experimental design for the 27 trials is shown in table 2-1. The values for the coded points for each nozzle are shown in tables 2-2 and 2-3. Minor adjustments were made to some of the values for nozzle parameter points because of nozzle design values and the need for results to reflect production nozzle performance. For each nozzle, each of the 27 trials was repeated 3 times and means were determined for atomization parameters D^^^, D^^^, and D^^;, relative span; D^^, D^^, D^^, and D^^^^ (ASAE Standards 2003); and percent spray volume in size classes 18-100 îm, 100-200 îm, 200-300 [im, 300-400 îm, >400 ¡i,m, and <200 \im.

^ The mathematical and statistical literature is replete with multifactor experimental designs. Two comprehensive references are available for these designs (Daviesl963; Box and Draper 1987).

^ Definitions of these characteristic spray measurements are available in ASAE Standard S327.2 FEB03, "Terminology and Definitions for Agricultural Chemical Application."

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The CP-03 and CP-09 nozzles (CP Products, Inc., Mesa, Arizona) and the Accu-Flo nozzles (Bishop Equipment Manufacturing, Inc., Hatfield, Pennsylvania) were mounted on a drop tube 6 inches below the boom in the airstream with the primary nozzle axis parallel to the airstream (figure 2-1). The following spray nozzles were designed or operated to produce large droplet spectrums with low percentages of driftable fine droplets: the CP-llTT with straight stream tips, CP high volume nozzles, CP high volume drift reduction nozzles, the disc orifice straight stream nozzle (Spraying Systems Co., Wheaton, Illinois), the Lund straight stream nozzle (Lund Flying Service, Inc., Ritzville, Washington), and the RD raindrop drift reduction nozzle (BFGoodrich Delavan Spray Technologies, Monroe, North Carolina). These were mounted on drop tubes from the boom in the airstream with the primary nozzle axis (a) parallel to the airstream or O"", (b) lO"" down from parallel, and (c) 20'' down from parallel (figure 2-2). The remaining nozzles were mounted for nozzle orientations in the airstream at 0°, 45'', and 90° (figures 2-3 and 2-4). Spray pressure to the nozzle was developed with an engine-driven centriftigal pump and controlled with engine speed and a pressure regulator. Spray liquid for all tests was tap water with 0.25% v/v Triton X-100 (Rhom and Haas, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), a non-ionic surfactant. Airspeed was developed by a centriftigal fan, controlled by engine speed, and measured in the airstream with a pitot tube and aircraft airspeed indicator. A PMS laser spectrometer system (0AP-2D-GAI probe and PC-compatible OAP-IOOO Data Acquisition System, Particle Measurement Systems, Inc., Boulder, Colorado) was used to collect atomization data. The probe was mounted on a motorized traverse system that facilitated scanning the spray plume. The nozzle was located so that the resulting spray plume was centered horizontally and vertically in the airstream. The laser-imaging zone was 29 inches downwind from the nozzle orifice, except for the straight stream nozzle trial points with no deflector or nozzle angle. The laser-imaging zone was moved 44 inches downwind from the nozzle orifice for these trial points. The probe collected atomization data on horizontal scans of the spray plume at 1/8, 3/8, 5/8, and 7/8 of

Figure 2-1. CP-09 nozzle in the test facility airstream.

Figure 2-2. Spray nozzle gear for mounting nozzles at 20° (left), 10° (middle), and 0" (right) in the test facility airstream.

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Figure 2-3. Disc orifice 46 core nozzle oriented at 45° in the test facility airstream.

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Figure 2-4. Spray nozzle gear for mounting nozzles at 0"(left), 45° (middle), and 90" (right) in the test facility airstream.

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the plume height at the laser-imaging zone. Between 16,000 and 45,000 droplets were imaged in a trial or treatment run that included these 4 scans.

Atomization parameters Z)^^^, relative span, and percent spray volume <100 jxm diameter and <200 ^im diameter were selected for analysis and presentation because of their importance to aerial applicators in determining droplet size and percentage of the spray volume that is most subject to spray drift. These data were analyzed by the RSREG procedure in SAS/STAT (SAS Institute, Inc. 1999) to develop the response relationships for the selected factors. The relationships for each tested nozzle were implemented in computer spreadsheets. The spreadsheet models were then used to compute predictions for the selected factors for a range of operating conditions entered for each spray nozzle. The results of these computations are presented in tables.

The DSC category is computed in the model, for the selected operator inputs, from reference nozzle data and the predicted D^^^, D^^^, and D^^^. ASAE S572 AUG99 (ASAE Standards 2000) requires that the categories be established with a laser spectrometer from a set of ASAE reference spray nozzles operating at specified conditions. The type of laser spectrometer is not specified, but the ASAE standard requires that the same laser spectrometer be used to develop DSC categories with the reference nozzles and to classify atomization spectra of other nozzles. The DSC categories are defined in the standard by ranges of droplet sizes at D^^^, D^^^, and D^^^ of the nozzle spray spectrum. The atomization spectra for the ASAE reference nozzles operated in the USDA-ARS College Station PMS laser spectrometer are shown in figure 2-5. The standard indicates that a measured droplet spectrum is expected to fall into a single DSC category without crossing a reference threshold curve. However, in the event that a reference nozzle threshold curve is intercepted or crossed by the droplet spectrum from a measured nozzle operational

condition, the finer of the DSC categories where the measured spectrum lies should be reported.

It is apparent from figure 2-5 that cumulative volume fraction (CVF) of 0.5 on the graph for each nozzle curve separates the spray volume into half the spray volume that is greater than the droplet size at 0.5 CVF and half that is less than the droplet size at 0.5 CVF, which is the definition oíD^^^. The droplet size where each nozzle curve crosses the CVF of 0.5 is indicated on the X-axis in small print. This is the D^^^ for each of the reference nozzles operated as specified in ASAE S572 AUG99. These values are repeated at the top of the graph as USDA-ARS College Station PMS D^^^ for each of the reference nozzles. The Nozzle Classification Thresholds defining the DSC ranges based on data collected for the reference nozzles with the USDA-ARS College Station PMS system are shown just above the Dy^^ values for the reference nozzles. The difference between the respective values for each nozzle accounts for the one standard deviation of the respective nozzle value above the value generated by that nozzle (ASAE Standards 2000). These values then define the limits of each DSC category in this study. For example, spray nozzles operated with D^^<. 182 \xm are classified as Very Fine; spray nozzles operated with D^^^ between 281 and 429 jxm are classified as Medium; and spray nozzles operated with D^^^ > 656 ¡im are classified as Extremely Coarse.

Results and Discussion

The second order response relationships developed with the design and analysis as specified are

Y = A+BX^+ CX^ + DX^+ EX,+ FX^'+ GX^Í^ + HX^' + IXpí^

+ Jxpí^ + KX^' + Lxpí^ + MX^X^ + 7VX^X3 + OX/

where

13

Nozzle Classification Thresholds . For ASAE S572 AUG99 VF>|<

Based on ARS College Station PMS =182Mm

ARS College Station PMS Dyo.s = 177Mm

ASAE Reference Nozzles -+-01F110

M 280Mm 429ijm 531 ^m

vc ->|<xc 655Mm

1000 1400

Droplet Diameter, |jm

Figure 2-5. ASAE reference nozzle atomization data and DSC classification thresholds from the USDA-ARS College Station PMS system.

14

Y = the predicted atomization parameter based on specification of input Xj . . . X^

Xj = orifice size (inches for CP-03, CP-09, and Accu-Flo nozzles and number for other nozzles)

X^ = nozzle deflector or nozzle angle (degrees) X3 = spray pressure (psi) X^ = airspeed (mph) A , . ,0 = coefficients for respective terms of the equation.

The coefficients for respective terms of the selected atomization parameter equations are shown in tables 2-4 and 2-5. These atomization parameter equations must be used with the factor units as noted for the predicted Y values to be correct; different units require different coefficients for each term of the equation. The equations are not valid outside of the experimental ranges for the X variables as noted in tables 2-2 and 2-3. Within these constraints, the equations that may be assembled for each nozzle from tables 2-4 and 2-5 provide estimates of the atomization variables for the 11 fixed-wing nozzles and the 11 rotary-wing nozzles included in this study. Statistical parameters that characterize the response surface equations for the nozzles are shown in tables 2-6 and 2-7.

Spray Nozzles for Fixed-Wing Aircraft

Volume median diameter (D^^^) values as measured for the 27 trial points with the 40^ flat fan (small orifice), 80^ flat fan, and CP-03 nozzles were generally in the range of 120 to 400 ¡im. The straight stream nozzles had general D^^^ ranges of 220 to 750 \xm. D^^^ values for the 2 metal disc core nozzles and the 40"^ flat fan (large orifice) were in the general range of 200 to 600 ^im, with the 56 core nozzle having diameters about 100 ¡im smaller than those of the 46 core nozzle. The ceramic disc orifice 46 core nozzle had a narrower range ofD^^^ values than the metal disc core nozzles. Linear and quadratic terms dominated the response with cross-product terms

having less influence. Airspeed was the most significant factor in determining D^^^ for each nozzle, except for the disc orifice 56 core nozzle, where nozzle angle was slightly more important than airspeed. The disc orifice straight stream nozzle produced the lowest CVs. The response surface equations had R^ values of 0.96 to 0.99 for D^^^. The models give good estimates of D^.. for the measured trial points.

V0.5

Relative span (RS) is computed from the equation {D^^^-D^^yD^^^ where D^^ ^, D^^^, and ö^^pare the droplet diameters such that 10, 50, and 90 percent, respectively, of the spray volume is in droplets of a smaller diameter. RS is a measure of the range of droplet sizes in the spray spectrum, with smaller numbers indicating a more narrow range of droplet sizes accounting for the mid-80 percent of the spray volume. Model equations were developed for RS in earlier work in this series. However, in later work, including this handbook, values for RS were computed from values of model equations for D^^^, ^vo.s' and/).. V0.9.

Percentage of spray volume in droplets smaller than 100 |im (%V < 100[im) is one of the primary parameters indicative of spray drift propensity of aerially applied agricultural materials. The measured %V < lOO^xm ranged widely for the different nozzles. The straight stream nozzles, the 40^ flat fan nozzle (large orifice), and the disc core nozzles had the lowest measured %V < lOOjxm for the trial points, averaging 1.3 percent; while the other flat fan nozzles and CP- 03 nozzles had the highest %V < 100|im for the trial points, averaging 43.3 percent. Linear, quadratic, and cross-product terms of the equations were significant in describing %V < 100|im, except for the 80° flat fan, 40° flat fan (large orifice), ceramic disc orifice 46 core, and CP-09 nozzles, which had only significant linear and quadratic terms. Airspeed was the most significant factor for describing this response for most of the nozzles; nozzle angle was most significant for the disc orifice 56 core nozzle and the ceramic disc orifice 46 core nozzle; and orifice size was most significant for

15

the 40° flat fan nozzle (large orifice). The coefficients of variation (CVs) for %V < lOOjxm were lowest for the Lund and highest for the 40'' flat fan (large orifice) nozzles. R^ values for the response surface equations for %V < lOOîm ranged from 0.90 to 0.99 and averaged 0.96.

Percentage of spray volume in droplets smaller than 200 |im (%V < 200|im) also provides a measure of potential spray drift from aerial sprays. The range of %V < 200^m is about double that of %V < 100|im. The flat fan (except 40"^ large orifice), CP-03, and disc orifice 56 core nozzles have the highest %V < 200îm values, and the CP- IITT with straight stream tips, 40'' flat fan, and disc orifice 46 core nozzles have the lowest values for %V < 200|im in the trial points. Linear, quadratic, and cross-product terms of the equations were significant in describing this parameter, except for the CP-09 nozzle, the 80° flat fan nozzle, and the 40'' flat fan nozzle (large orifice), which only had significant linear and quadratic terms. Airspeed was the dominant factor influencing %V < 200|im for all of the nozzles, except for the 40"^ flat fan (large orifice) and the ceramic disc orifice 46 core nozzles, which were more influenced by nozzle angle. CVs for %V < 200îm ranged from 12 to 24 for all nozzles, except for the Lund straight stream and ceramic disc orifice 46 core nozzles, each with CVs of less than 10. R^ values for the response surface equations for %V < 200^m ranged from 0.95 to 0.99 for all nozzles.

Spray Nozzles for Rotary-Wing Aircraft

Volume median diameter (D^^^) minimum values for the flat fan nozzles and the disc orifice 46 core nozzle operated at rotary-wing airspeeds that were less than 300 ¡im diameter as measured for the 27 trial points in the study. The Accu-Flo and Raindrop RD nozzles have maximum D^^ ^ values greater than 1,000 îm diameter. The other nozzles have maximum D^^^ values in the range of 560 to 1,000 ¡im diameter. Linear terms dominated the response equations for the 40° flat fan nozzle

(large orifice), the Accu-Flo single row nozzle, and the CP-03 nozzle. In addition to the influence of linear terms, the quadratic and cross- product terms had more influence on estimates ofD^^^ from the rest of the nozzles. Airspeed was the most significant factor in determining D^^^ for 8 of the 11 nozzles. Orifice size exceeded airspeed as the most significant factor in determining Z)^^^ with the CP-03, CP high volume flat fan, and SO"" flat fan nozzles. The flat fan nozzles, with the exception of the 40''flat fan (large orifice), and the disc orifice nozzles produced the lowest coefficients of variation. The response surface equations had R2 values of 0.89 to 0.98 for D^^^, and the D^^^ total model probability of >F was <0.0008 for all nozzles. Both factors indicate that the models give good estimates of JD^^^.

Relative span (RS) is computed from the equation (D^^^— ^voi^ ^ D^^ ^, where D^^^.D^^^, and D^^^ are the droplet diameters such that 10, 50, and 90 percent, respectively, of the spray volume is in droplets of a smaller diameter. RS is a measure of the range of droplet sizes in the spray spectrum. Smaller numbers indicate a narrower range of droplet sizes accounting for the mid-80 percent of the spray volume. For sprays with Medium and larger DSC, smaller RS numbers generally indicate sprays with smaller spray drift potential.

Percentage of spray volume in droplets smaller than 100 \\m (%V < lOOîm) is one of the primary parameters indicative of spray drift propensity of aerially applied agricultural materials. The minimum %V < 100|j.m measured at the trial points was <1.0 for all nozzles except for the CP-03 and the CP high volume flat fan nozzles. The Accu-Flo nozzles, the 40'' flat fan nozzles, and the disc orifice straight stream nozzle had the lowest maximum measured %V < lOOjxm values, indicating good nozzle selections for drift mitigation at rotary-wing airspeeds. Linear and quadratic terms of the equations were generally most significant in describing this parameter for the nozzles in the study. Airspeed was the most significant factor for describing this response for 6 of the 11 rotary-wing nozzles; the exceptions were the 40'' flat fan (small orifice) with orifice size as the dominant factor, the CP-03 with

16

deflector angle as the dominant factor, the CP high volume flat fan with pressure as the dominant factor, and the disc orifice 46 core and 40^ flat fan (large orifice) with nozzle angle in the airstream as the dominant factor. R^ values for the response surface equations for %V < lOOjim were >0.93 for the Accu-Flo and Raindrop RD nozzles. The other nozzles had R^ values for the response surface equations for %V < lOOîm ranging fi*om 0.74 to 0.89. Total model probabilities of >F for the Accu- Flo and Raindrop RD nozzles were <0.0001, and those for the rest of the nozzles were <0.013. The R^ and total model probability of >F values indicate that the models give good estimates of %V < lOOîm.

Percentage of spray volume in droplets smaller than 200 \xm (%V < 200îm) also provides a measure of potential spray drift from aerial sprays. The range of %V < 200|am is about double that of %V < lOO^xm. Both Accu-Flo nozzles, the CP DR high volume flat fan, the disc orifice straight stream, and the Raindrop RD nozzles had relatively low maximum values for %V < 200îm, indicating their utility in mitigating spray drift. Linear, quadratic, and cross-product terms of the equations were significant in describing this parameter for 6 of the 11 rotary- wing nozzles; the exceptions were the disc orifice 46 core nozzle, where only linear terms were significant, and the CP-03, CP DR high volume flat fan, disc orifice 46 core, disc orifice straight stream, and RD Raindrop drift reduction nozzles, where only linear and quadratic terms were significant in describing the %V < 200¡im parameter. Airspeed was the dominant factor for describing this response for the nozzles in the study, with the exception of the CP-03 and the disc orifice 46 core nozzles. R^ values for the response surface equations for %V < 200|im were >0.90 for the nozzles in the study, with the exception of both disc orifice nozzles, where the R^ values were 0.89 and 0.85. Total model probability of >F values was <0.005 for all nozzles, and the high R^ values indicate that the models give good estimates of %V < 200|im.

Validation of Spray Nozzle Models

Validation of response relationships is a requisite part of proposing equations that model physical phenomena. It is clear fi"om the R^ values that the equations model the trial points very well. Validation of the D^^^ equation for points other than the trial points was conducted in 1998 for the CP-09 nozzle (Kirk 1998). That Z)^^^ validation exercise demonstrated that the models gave good estimates of performance for points other than the trial points and within the limits of variables explored in the trials. The approach selected for a broader base validation in this study was to compare model predictions with spray droplet spectra data from other trials, available in published scientific literature, where some of the same spray nozzles and the same or similar experimental setups were used. Yates et al. (1985) has 18 data points with 3 disc core nozzles and 2 flat fan nozzles that are in the range of variables in the fixed-wing nozzle study. Bouse (1994) has 27 data points with 3 straight stream nozzles, 1 disc core nozzle, and the CP-03 nozzle that are in the range of variables in the fixed-wing nozzle study. These 45 measured data points and respective model predictions for the operational conditions associated with the respective points are presented in figure 2-6. The measured D^^^ for the 27 trial points for the CP-09 nozzle and the respective model predictions for those points are also shown in figure 2-6, along with 4 measured and predicted validation points selected to cover the range ofD^^^ produced by the CP-09 nozzle. The measure of experimental variability in the 27 trial points is expressed in the R2 value of 0.96, which is one of the lowest R^ values for D^^^ for the 11 nozzles in the fixed-wing study. The CP-09 nozzle validation points are actually grouped more tightly around the predicted D^^^ = measured D^^^ diagonal than the trial points. The predicted D^^^ values for the points measured by Yates et al. (1985) are also closely aligned with the 1-to-l diagonal line, except for two outlying data points. The Bouse (1994) data set has greater discrepancy than other data sets in measured vs. predicted D^^^ values. The models underpredict the measured values for all 27 data

17

700

100 200 300 400 500 Measured Dvo.5i Mm

600 700 800

Figure 2-6- Spray model validation. The diagonal line represents points where the predicted and measured D^^^ are equal. The dashed vertical lines separate the DSC categories for measured D^^^ and the heavy horizontal lines separate the DSC categories for predicted D

V0.5'

18

points. However, most of the predicted values place the predicted available on the Internet at http://apmm.usda.gov/downloads/ D in the same DSC category as the measured value. The notable downloads.htm/. exceptions are the predicted D^^^ values for measured Z)^^^ values exceeding 450 jxm. These points are substantially underpredicted, particularly above Z)^^^ measured values of 700 ¡im. All of these substantially underpredicted points are from disc orifice straight stream nozzles. Bouse (1994) notes that the procedure for scanning the straight stream nozzles was to scan four times with the laser probe through the center of the spray plume rather than through the plume at 1/8, 3/8, 5/8, and 7/8 of the plume height as was used consistently in all of these nozzle studies. It is reasonable to expect that laser probe scans at 1/8 and 7/8 of plume height would be dominant in smaller droplets than scans through the center of the plume. This is likely the reason for the apparent underprediction of D^^^ values for the straight stream nozzles in the Bouse (1994) study. It is noteworthy that model underprediction oíD^^^ values provides a safety factor when model predictions are used in a regulatory environment for controlling spray drift. These validation results show that spray nozzle models with sound statistical bases can be reliable tools for aerial applicators for estimating DSC or D^^^ to comply with product label requirements.

Summary

Spray nozzle atomization models were developed for spray nozzles commonly used in the fixed-wing and rotary-wing agricultural aviation industry in the U.S. The models were demonstrated to provide reliable estimates of spray droplet spectra parameters that are useñil in controlling spray drift and complying with product label specifications. The models, available in either tabular or computerized format in this handbook, provide information on droplet size, percentage of spray volume in the highly driftable portion of the spray spectrum, and DSC. This information is important to aerial applicators in the responsible application of crop production and protection products. The spreadsheet models are also

19

Spreadsheet Model Computations for Estimating Aerial Spray Nozzle Atomization Parameters—Fixed-Wing Aircraft

Table 1-1—^Atomization Parameters for 40° Flat Fan Nozzle (Large Orifice)

40° FLAT FAN NOZZLE (Large Orifice) FIXED-WING

4010 Orifice, 0° Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 501 C 1.0 440 M 2.4 385 M 3.8 336 M 5.5 292 F 7.2 255 F 9.0 223 VF 11.0 30 525 c 1.4 464 M 2.8 409 M 4.2 359 M 5.8 315 F 7.5 277 F 9.3 245 F 11.2 40 546 vc 1.7 484 C 3.0 428 M 4.4 379 M 5.9 334 M 7.6 296 F 9.4 264 F 11.2 50 562 vc 1.6 500 C 2.9 445 M 4.3 394 M 5.8 350 M 7.4 312 F 9.2 279 F 11.0 60 575 c 1.4 513 C 2.6 457 M 4.0 407 M 5.5 362 M 7.1 324 F 8.7 291 F 10.6



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 424 M 5.1 375 M 6.5 333 F 8.0 296 F 9.7 265 F 11.5 240 VF 13.3 220 VF 15.3 30 441 M 5.6 392 M 7.0 349 M 8.5 312 F 10.1 281 F 11.8 255 F 13.7 236 VF 15.6 40 454 M 5.9 405 M 7.2 362 M 8.7 324 F 10.3 293 F 12.0 267 F 13.8 247 VF 15.7 50 464 M 5.9 414 M 7.2 371 M 8.7 333 F 10.2 301 F 11.9 276 F 13.7 255 VF 15.5 60 470 M 5.7 420 M 7.0 376 F 8.4 338 F 9.9 306 F 11.5 280 F 13.3 260 VF 15.1

20

Table 1-1—continued



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 346 F 9.9 310 F 11.4 279 F 13.0 255 VF 14.7 236 VF 16.5 224 VF 18.4 217 VF 20.5

30 355 F 10.5 319 F 11.9 289 F 13.5 264 VF 15.2 245 VF 17.0 232 VF 18.8 225 VF 20.8

40 361 F 10.8 325 F 12.2 294 F 13.8 269 F 15.4 250 VF 17.1 237 VF 19.0 230 VF 21.0

50 364 F 10.9 327 F 12.3 296 F 13.8 271 VF 15.4 252 VF 17.1 238 VF 18.9 231 VF 20.8

60 363 F 10.8 326 F 12.1 295 F 13.6 269 VF 15.1 250 VF 16.8 236 VF 18.6 228 VF 20.5

40° FLAT FAN NOZZLE (Large Orifice) 4010 Orifice, 90° Angle FIXED-WING

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 266 VF 15.6 243 VF 17.1 225 VF 18.8 213 VF 20.5 207 VF 22.4 207 VF 24.3 213 VF 26.4

30 269 VF 16.2 245 VF 17.7 227 VF 19.3 215 VF 21.0 209 VF 22.8 208 VF 24.8 214 VF 26.8

40 268 VF 16.6 244 VF 18.1 226 VF 19.6 214 VF 21.3 207 VF 23.1 206 VF 25.0 211 VF 27.0

50 264 VF 16.7 239 VF 18.2 221 VF 19.7 208 VF 21.3 201 VF 23.1 200 VF 25.0 205 VF 26.9

60 255 VF 16.7 231 VF 18.0 212 VF 19.5 199 VF 21.1 192 VF 22.9 191 VF 24.7 196 VF 26.6

21




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 496 C 0.1 436 M 0.1 382 M 0.1 333 M 0.6 291 F 1.8 254 F 3.0 223 F 4.4

30 520 c 0.1 459 M 0.1 405 M 0.1 356 M 1.0 313 F 2.1 276 F 3.3 245 F 4.6

40 540 vc 0.1 479 C 0.1 424 M 0.1 376 M 1.1 332 M 2.1 295 F 3.3 264 F 4.6

50 556 vc 0.1 495 C 0.1 440 M 0.1 391 M 0.9 348 M 2.0 310 F 3.1 279 F 4.4

60 569 vc 0.1 508 C 0.1 453 M 0.1 403 M 0.6 360 M 1.6 322 M 2.7 290 F 3.9



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 422 M 0.3 375 M 1.2 333 F 2.2 297 F 3.3 267 F 4.5 243 F 5.8 224 F 7.2

30 439 M 0.8 391 M 1.7 349 M 2.6 313 F 3.7 282 F 4.8 258 F 6.1 239 F 7.5

40 452 M 1.1 404 M 1.9 361 M 2.8 325 F 3.8 294 F 4.9 270 F 6.2 251 F 7.5

50 461 M 1.1 413 M 1.9 370 M 2.7 333 F 3.7 303 F 4.8 278 F 6.0 258 F 7.3

60 467 M 0.9 418 M 1.6 375 M 2.5 338 M 3.4 307 F 4.5 282 F 5.6 263 F 6.9

22

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 30

347 M 3.6 312 F 4.5 283 F 5.5 260 F 6.7 242 F 7.9 230 F 9.3 224 F 10.7

357 M 4.2 321 F 5.0 292 F 6.0 268 F 7.1 250 F 8.3 239 F 9.7 232 F 11.1

40 363 M 4.5 327 F 5.3 297 F 6.3 273 F 7.3 255 F 8.5 243 F 9.8 237 F 11.2

50 365 M 4.6 329 F 5.4 299 F 6.3 275 F 7.3 257 F 8.4 244 F 9.7 237 F 11.0

60 363 M 4.4 327 F 5.2 297 F 6.0 273 F 7.0 254 F 8.1 241 F 9.4 234 F 10.7



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<iOO Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 272 F 7.7 249 F 8.6 232 F 9.7 221 F 10.9 216 F 12.2 217 VF 13.6 224 VF 15.1

30 274 F 8.3 251 F 9.2 234 F 10.2 223 F 11.4 218 F 12.6 218 F 14.0 225 VF 15.5

40 273 F 8.6 250 F 9.5 232 F 10.5 221 VF 11.6 215 VF 12.9 216 F 14.2 222 VF 15.6

50 268 F 8.8 245 F 9.6 227 VF 10.6 215 VF 11.7 210 VF 12.8 210 VF 14.1 215 VF 15.5

60 259 F 8.7 236 F 9.5 218 VF 10.4 206 VF 11.4 200 VF 12.6 200 VF 13.9 205 VF 15.2

23


40*» FLAT FAN NOZZLE (Large Orifice) FIXED-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 491 C 0.1 432 M 0.1 379 M 0.1 332 M 0.1 290 F 0.1 254 F 0.1 224 F 0.7

30 515 C 0.1 455 M 0.1 402 M 0.1 354 M 0.1 312 F 0.1 276 F 0.2 246 F 0.9 40 534 VC 0.1 475 C 0.1 421 M 0.1 373 M 0.1 331 M 0.1 295 F 0.2 264 F 0.9

50 550 VC 0.1 491 C 0.1 437 M 0.1 388 M 0.1 346 M 0.1 309 F 0.1 279 F 0.7

60 563 VC 0.1 503 C 0.1 448 M 0.1 400 M 0.1 357 M 0.1 321 M 0.1 290 F 0.2



PSI

Airspeed, mpli 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 421 M 0.1 374 M 0.1 334 F 0.1 299 F 0.1 269 F 0.3 246 F 1.1 229 F 1.9

30 437 M 0.1 390 M 0.1 349 M 0.1 314 F 0.1 285 F 0.7 261 F 1.4 243 F 2.2

40 450 M 0.1 403 M 0.1 361 M 0.1 326 F 0.2 296 F 0.8 273 F 1.4 255 F 2.2

50 459 M 0.1 411 M 0.1 370 M 0.1 334 F 0.1 304 F 0.6 280 F 1.3 262 F 2.0 60 464 M 0.1 416 M 0.1 375 M 0.1 339 M 0.1 309 F 0.3 284 F 0.9 266 F 1.6

24




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 350 M 0.2 315 F 0.5 287 F 1.0 265 F 1.5 248 F 2.2 237 F 3.0 232 F 3.9

30 359 M 0.7 324 F 1.0 296 F 1.4 273 F 1.9 256 F 2.6 245 F 3.3 240 F 4.2

40 364 M 1.0 330 F 1.3 301 F 1.6 278 F 2.1 261 F 2.7 250 F 3.5 244 F 4.3

50 366 M 1.1 331 F 1.3 302 F 1.6 279 F 2.1 262 F 2.7 250 F 3.3 244 F 4.1

60 364 M 0.9 329 F 1.1 300 F 1.4 277 F 1.8 259 F 2.3 247 F 3.0 241 F 3.7



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 277 F 2.6 256 F 3.0 240 F 3.5 230 F 4.1 226 F 4.9 228 F 5.7 235 F 6.6

30 279 F 3.2 258 F 3.6 242 F 4.0 231 F 4.6 227 F 5.3 228 F 6.1 236 F 7.0

40 278 F 3.6 256 F 3.9 239 F 4.3 229 F 4.8 224 F 5.5 226 F 6.3 233 F 7.1

50 273 F 3.7 250 F 4.0 234 F 4.3 223 VF 4.9 218 VF 5.5 219 VF 6.2 226 F 7.0

60 264 F 3.6 241 F 3.8 224 VF 4.2 214 VF 4.6 208 VF 5.2 209 VF 5.9 216 VF 6.7

25

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 483 C 5.7 426 M 4.8 375 M 4.0 329 M 3.3 290 F 2.8 256 F 2.3 228 F 2.0

30 506 c 6.1 449 M 5.2 397 M 4.3 351 M 3.6 311 F 3.0 277 F 2.6 249 F 2.2

40 525 c 6.2 467 C 5.3 416 M 4.4 370 M 3.7 329 M 3.1 295 F 2.5 266 F 2.1

50 541 vc 6.2 483 C 5.2 430 M 4.3 384 M 3.5 344 M 2.8 309 F 2.3 280 F 1.8

60 552 vc 5.8 494 C 4.8 442 M 3.9 395 M 3.1 355 M 2.4 320 M 1.8 291 F 1.3



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 420 M 3.4 375 M 2.6 336 M 1.8 303 F 1.2 276 F 0.7 255 F 0.3 239 F 0.1

30 435 M 3.8 391 M 3.0 351 M 2.2 318 F 1.5 291 F 1.0 269 F 0.6 253 F 0.2

40 447 M 4.1 402 M 3.1 363 M 2.3 329 F 1.6 302 F 1.1 280 F 0.6 264 F 0.2

50 456 M 4.0 410 M 3.1 371 M 2.2 337 M 1.5 309 F 0.9 287 F 0.4 271 F 0.1

60 461 M 3.8 415 M 2.8 375 M 1.9 341 M 1.1 313 F 0.5 290 F 0.1 274 F 0.1

26

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 DVD.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 356 M 1.9 323 F 1.1 297 F 0.4 276 F 0.1 262 F 0.1 253 F 0.1 250 F 0.1

30 364 M 2.4 332 F 1.6 305 F 0.8 284 F 0.2 269 F 0.1 260 F 0.1 257 F 0.1

40 369 M 2.7 336 F 1.8 309 F 1.0 288 F 0.4 273 F 0.1 264 F 0.1 260 F 0.1

50 370 M 2.7 337 F 1.8 310 F 1.0 289 F 0.3 273 F 0.1 264 F 0.1 260 F 0.1

60 368 M 2.5 335 M 1.5 307 F 0.7 286 F 0.1 270 F 0.1 260 F 0.1 256 F 0.1



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 290 F 1.2 271 F 0.4 257 F 0.1 249 F 0.1 247 F 0.1 250 F 0.1 260 F 0.1

30 292 F 1.7 272 F 0.9 258 F 0.3 249 F 0.1 247 F 0.1 250 F 0.1 260 F 0.1

40 290 F 2.0 269 F 1.2 255 F 0.5 247 F 0.1 244 F 0.1 247 F 0.1 256 F 0.1

50 284 F 2.1 263 F 1.3 249 F 0.5 240 F 0.1 237 F 0.1 240 F 0.1 249 F 0.1

60 274 F 2.0 254 F 1.1 239 F 0.3 230 F 0.1 227 VF 0.1 229 F 0.1 238 F 0.1

27

Table 1-2—^Atomization Parameters for 40° Flat Fan Nozzle (Small Orifice)

40° FLAT FAN NOZZLE (Small Orifice) FIXED-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 336 F 5.4 312 6.0 287 7.5 260 10 231 13.5 201 VF 17.9 170 VF 23.3

30 341 M 4.9 319 5.1 296 6.3 271 8.4 244 11.5 216 VF 15.5 187 VF 20.5

40 343 M 4.7 323 4.5 302 5.3 279 7.0 254 9.7 228 VF 13.4 201 VF 18.0

50 342 M 4.6 324 4.0 305 4.4 284 5.8 261 8.1 237 F 11.4 212 VF 15.6

60 338 M 4.7 322 3.8 305 3.8 286 4.7 266 6.7 244 F 9.5 220 VF 13.4



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.s DSC %<100

20 340 3.7 316 F 5.6 291 8.4 264 12.1 235 VF 16.8 205 VF 22.5 173 VF 29.1

30 341 4.3 319 F 5.8 296 8.2 271 11.6 244 VF 15.9 216 VF 21.2 186 VF 27.4

40 339 5.1 319 F 6.2 298 8.2 275 11.2 250 VF 15.1 224 VF 20.0 196 VF 25.9

50 335 6.1 317 F 6.7 297 8.4 276 11.0 253 VF 14.5 229 VF 19.0 204 VF 24.5

60 327 7.2 311 F 7.5 293 8.7 274 11.0 254 VF 14.1 231 VF 18.2 208 VF 23.3

28

Table 1 -2—continued



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 314 5.3 289 8.4 264 VF 12.4 237 VF 17.4 208 VF 23.4 178 VF 30.3 146 VF 38.2

30 311 6.9 289 9.6 265 VF 13.3 240 VF 17.9 213 VF 23.5 185 VF 30.0 155 VF 37.5

40 305 8.7 285 11.1 263 VF 14.3 240 VF 18.6 215 VF 23.7 189 VF 29.9 161 VF 37.0

50 296 10.7 278 12.6 259 VF 15.5 237 VF 19.4 215 VF 24.2 190 VF 29.9 165 VF 36.6

60 285 12.9 269 VF 14.4 251 VF 16.9 232 VF 20.4 211 VF 24.8 189 VF 30.2 165 VF 36.5



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvos DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 256 VF 10.1 232 VF 14.4 206 VF 19.7 179 VF 26.0 150 VF 33.2 120 VF 41.3 88 VF 50.4

30 250 VF 12.8 227 VF 16.7 204 VF 21.6 178 VF 27.5 152 VF 34.3 123 VF 42.0 93 VF 50.8

40 240 VF 15.6 220 VF 19.1 198 VF 23.7 175 VF 29.1 150 VF 35.6 123 VF 42.9 96 VF 51.3

50 227 VF 18.6 209 VF 21.8 189 VF 25.9 168 VF 31.0 145 VF 37.0 121 VF 44.0 95 VF 52.0

60 212 VF 21.8 196 VF 24.6 178 VF 28.3 159 VF 33.0 138 VF 38.7 115 VF 45.3 91 VF 52.8

29

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 371 M 4.2 344 M 4.5 316 F 5.7 286 7.9 255 11.0 222 VF 15.1 188 VF 20.2 30 377 M 3.8 353 M 3.6 326 F 4.5 299 6.3 270 9.0 239 F 12.7 206 VF 17.4 40 381 M 3.5 358 M 3.0 334 M 3.4 308 4.8 281 7.2 252 F 10.5 222 VF 14.8 50 381 M 3.4 361 M 2.5 339 M 2.5 315 3.6 290 5.5 263 F 8.5 235 VF 12.4 60 379 M 3.4 360 M 2.1 340 M 1.8 319 2.5 295 4.1 271 F 6.6 244 F 10.1



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 373 M 2.3 346 F 3.8 318 6.3 288 9.7 256 VF 14.1 224 VF 19.4 189 VF 25.7 30 375 M 2.9 350 F 4.0 324 6.1 296 9.1 267 13.1 236 VF 18.0 204 VF 23.9 40 375 M 3.6 352 M 4.3 328 6.0 302 8.7 275 12.3 246 VF 16.9 215 VF 22.4 50 371 M 4.5 351 M 4.9 329 6.2 305 8.4 279 11.7 252 VF 15.8 224 VF 21.0 60 365 M 5.6 347 M 5.6 326 6.5 304 8.4 281 11.2 256 VF 15.0 230 VF 19.8

30

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 344 3.6 317 6.3 289 F 10.1 259 VF 14.7 227 VF 20.3 194 VF 26.9 160 VF 34.4

30 342 5.2 318 7.5 291 F 10.9 263 VF 15.1 234 VF 20.4 203 VF 26.6 170 VF 33.7

40 338 6.9 315 8.9 291 F 11.9 265 VF 15.8 238 VF 20.6 209 VF 26.4 178 VF 33.2

50 331 8.9 310 10.5 288 F 13.0 264 VF 16.5 238 VF 21.0 211 VF 26.4 183 VF 32.8

60 321 11.0 302 12.2 282 VF 14.4 260 VF 17.5 236 VF 21.6 211 VF 26.6 185 VF 32.6



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 284 F 8.1 257 VF 12.1 229 VF 17.0 199 VF 22.9 167 VF 29.8 134 VF 37.6 99 VF 46.4

30 279 F 10.7 254 VF 14.3 228 VF 18.9 200 VF 24.4 170 VF 30.9 139 VF 38.3 106 VF 46.7

40 271 VF 13.5 248 VF 16.7 223 VF 20.9 197 VF 26.0 170 VF 32.1 141 VF 39.2 110 VF 47.2

50 260 VF 16.4 239 VF 19.3 216 VF 23.1 192 VF 27.8 167 VF 33.5 140 VF 40.2 111 VF 47.8

60 246 VF 19.6 227 VF 22.0 206 VF 25.4 184 VF 29.8 161 VF 35.1 135 VF 41.4 109 VF 48.7

31




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 398 M 4.2 368 M 4.1 337 M 5.0 305 F 6.8 271 9.6 235 13.4 198 VF 18.1

30 406 M 3.7 378 M 3.2 349 M 3.7 319 F 5.2 287 7.6 253 11.0 218 VF 15.3

40 411 M 3.3 385 M 2.5 358 M 2.6 330 M 3.7 300 5.7 268 8.7 235 VF 12.7

50 413 M 3.2 389 M 2.0 365 M 1.7 338 M 2.4 310 4.0 281 6.6 249 F 10.2

60 412 M 3.2 391 M 1.6 368 M 1.0 343 M 1.3 317 2.5 290 4.7 261 F 7.9



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 397 M 1.9 368 M 3.1 337 F 5.3 304 F 8.4 270 12.4 234 VF 17.4 197 VF 23.4

30 401 M 2.5 374 M 3.3 345 F 5.0 314 F 7.7 282 11.4 249 VF 16.0 213 VF 21.6

40 402 M 3.2 377 M 3.6 350 M 4.9 321 F 7.3 291 10.5 260 VF 14.8 226 VF 19.9

50 401 M 4.0 377 M 4.1 352 M 5.0 326 F 7.0 298 9.9 268 VF 13.7 237 VF 18.5

60 396 M 5.1 374 M 4.7 351 M 5.3 327 F 6.9 301 9.4 273 VF 12.8 244 VF 17.3

32




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 366 M 2.9 337 5.3 306 8.7 273 F 13.1 239 VF 18.3 203 VF 24.6 166 VF 31.8

30 366 M 4.5 339 6.5 310 9.5 279 VF 13.5 247 VF 18.4 213 VF 24.2 178 VF 31.0

40 364 M 6.2 338 7.8 311 10.5 282 VF 14.0 252 VF 18.5 220 VF 24.0 187 VF 30.4

50 358 F 8.1 334 9.4 309 11.6 283 VF 14.8 254 VF 18.9 225 VF 24.0 193 VF 30.0

60 349 F 10.2 328 11.1 305 12.9 280 VF 15.7 254 VF 19.4 226 VF 24.1 197 VF 29.8



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 304 F 7.1 275 F 10.8 244 VF 15.4 211 VF 21.0 176 VF 27.5 141 VF 35.0 103 VF 43.4

30 301 F 9.7 273 F 13.0 244 VF 17.2 213 VF 22.4 181 VF 28.5 147 VF 35.6 111 VF 43.7

40 294 F 12.4 268 VF 15.3 241 VF 19.2 212 VF 24.0 182 VF 29.7 150 VF 36.5 117 VF 44.1

50 284 VF 15.4 261 VF 17.9 235 VF 21.3 209 VF 25.8 180 VF 31.1 150 VF 37.5 119 VF 44.8

60 272 VF 18.5 250 VF 20.6 227 VF 23.7 202 VF 27.7 176 VF 32.7 148 VF 38.6 118 VF 45.6

33




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 304 F 7.1 275 F 10.8 244 VF 15.4 211 VF 21.0 176 VF 27.5 141 VF 35.0 103 VF 43.4

30 301 F 9.7 273 F 13.0 244 VF 17.2 213 VF 22.4 181 VF 28.5 147 VF 35.6 111 VF 43.7

40 294 F 12.4 268 VF 15.3 241 VF 19.2 212 VF 24.0 182 VF 29.7 150 VF 36.5 117 VF 44.1

50 284 VF 15.4 261 VF 17.9 235 VF 21.3 209 VF 25.8 140 VF 31.1 150 VF 37.5 119 VF 44.8

60 272 VF 18.5 250 VF 20.6 227 VF 23.7 202 VF 27.7 176 VF 32.7 148 VF 38.6 118 VF 45.6



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 414 M 2.7 382 M 3.5 348 M 5.3 313 8.1 276 11.8 238 VF 16.5 198 VF 22.1

30 420 M 3.1 389 M 3.6 358 M 5.0 324 7.4 290 10.7 253 VF 15.0 215 VF 20.2

40 422 M 3.8 394 M 3.9 364 M 4.9 333 6.9 300 9.8 266 VF 13.7 230 VF 18.6

50 422 M 4.6 396 M 4.3 368 M 5.0 339 6.6 308 9.1 275 VF 12.7 241 VF 17.1

60 419 M 5.6 395 M 5.0 369 M 5.2 341 6.4 313 8.6 282 VF 11.7 250 VF 15.8

34




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 381 M 3.3 348 5.4 315 8.5 279 F 12.5 242 VF 17.4 204 VF 23.3 164 VF 30.2

30 382 M 4.8 352 6.5 320 9.2 287 F 12.8 252 VF 17.4 215 VF 22.9 177 VF 29.4

40 381 M 6.5 353 7.8 323 10.1 292 VF 13.4 259 VF 17.5 224 VF 22.7 188 VF 28.8

50 377 M 8.4 351 9.3 323 11.2 293 VF 14.1 262 VF 17.9 230 VF 22.6 196 VF 28.3

60 370 F 10.4 345 11.0 320 12.5 292 VF 14.9 263 VF 18.4 233 VF 22.7 201 VF 28.1



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 317 7.2 284 F 10.5 250 VF 14.8 215 VF 20.1 178 VF 26.3 139 VF 33.4 99 VF 41.6

30 315 9.7 284 F 12.7 252 VF 16.6 219 VF 21.5 184 VF 27.3 147 VF 34.1 109 VF 41.8

40 309 12.5 281 VF 15.0 251 VF 18.5 219 VF 23.0 186 VF 28.5 152 VF 34.8 116 VF 42.2

50 301 15.3 275 VF 17.5 247 VF 20.7 217 VF 24.8 186 VF 29.8 154 VF 35.8 119 VF 42.8

60 290 VF 18.4 266 VF 20.2 240 VF 23.0 212 VF 26.7 183 VF 31.3 152 VF 36.9 120 VF 43.5

35




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 428 M 7.3 393 M 6.6 357 M 6.8 319 M 8.0 279 F 10.1 238 13.2 196 VF 17.2

30 439 M 6.7 406 M 5.6 372 M 5.4 336 M 6.2 298 F 8.0 259 10.7 219 VF 14.4

40 447 M 6.3 416 M 4.8 384 M 4.2 350 M 4.7 314 F 6.0 277 8.4 239 VF 11.6

50 452 M 6.1 423 M 4.2 393 M 3.3 361 M 3.3 327 F 4.3 292 6.2 256 VF 9.1

60 454 M 6.0 427 M 3.7 399 M 2.4 369 M 2.1 338 M 2.7 305 4.2 270 F 6.7



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 423 M 4.4 388 M 5.0 352 M 6.4 314 8.9 274 12.2 233 VF 16.6 190 VF 21.9

30 430 M 4.9 397 M 5.0 363 M 6.1 327 8.1 289 11.1 250 VF 15.1 209 VF 20.0

40 434 M 5.5 403 M 5.3 371 M 6.0 337 7.6 301 10.2 264 VF 13.8 225 VF 18.3

50 436 M 6.3 407 M 5.7 376 M 6.0 344 7.3 310 9.5 275 VF 12.7 239 VF 16.8

60 434 M 7.3 407 M 6.3 378 M 6.2 348 7.1 317 8.9 283 VF 11.7 249 VF 15.5

36




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 388 M 4.8 352 6.6 316 9.3 278 F 13.0 238 VF 17.6 197 VF 23.2 154 VF 29.7

30 391 M 6.3 358 7.7 323 10.0 287 VF 13.3 249 VF 17.5 210 VF 22.7 169 VF 28.9

40 391 M 7.9 360 8.9 327 10.9 293 VF 13.8 257 VF 17.6 220 VF 22.4 181 VF 28.2

50 388 M 9.7 359 10.4 329 11.9 296 VF 14.4 263 VF 17.9 227 VF 22.3 191 VF 27.7

60 383 M 11.8 356 12.0 327 13.1 297 VF 15.3 265 VF 18.4 232 VF 22.4 197 VF 27.4



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 321 8.4 286 F 11.4 249 VF 15.3 211 VF 20.3 171 VF 26.1 130 VF 33.0 87 VF 40.7

30 321 10.9 287 F 13.5 253 VF 17.1 216 VF 21.6 179 VF 27.1 139 VF 33.5 98 VF 40.9

40 317 13.5 286 VF 15.8 253 VF 19.0 219 VF 23.1 183 VF 28.2 145 VF 34.3 107 VF 41.3

50 310 16.4 281 VF 18.3 250 VF 21.1 218 VF 24.8 184 VF 29.5 149 VF 35.2 112 VF 41.8

60 301 VF 19.4 274 VF 20.9 245 VF 23.3 215 VF 26.7 183 VF 31.0 149 VF 36.3 114 VF 42.6

37

Table 1 -3—Atomization Parameters for 80° Flat Fan Nozzle

80° FLAT FAN NOZZLE FIXED-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 312 4.2 320 6.6 331 F 9.4 343 VF 12.7 358 VF 16.5 374 VF 20.7 392 VF 25.4

30 295 5.3 307 7.7 320 F 10.6 335 VF 13.9 353 VF 17.7 372 VF 22.0 393 VF 26.7

40 284 5.9 299 8.4 315 F 11.2 333 VF 14.6 354 VF 18.4 376 VF 22.7 400 VF 27.5

50 279 6.0 297 8.5 316 VF 11.4 337 VF 14.8 360 VF 18.6 385 VF 23 412 VF 27.7

60 280 5.6 301 8.1 323 VF 11.1 347 VF 14.5 373 VF 18.4 401 VF 22.7 431 VF 27.5



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 316 6.3 316 9.1 317 F 12.4 321 VF 16.1 327 VF 20.4 334 VF 25.1 344 VF 30.2

30 303 7.3 306 10.2 310 VF 13.5 317 VF 17.3 325 VF 21.6 336 VF 26.3 348 VF 31.5

40 296 7.9 301 10.8 309 VF 14.2 318 VF 18.0 330 VF 22.3 343 VF 27.1 358 VF 32.3

50 294 8.0 303 11.0 313 VF 14.3 325 VF 18.2 340 VF 22.5 356 VF 27.3 374 VF 32.6

60 299 7.6 310 10.6 323 VF 14.0 339 VF 17.9 356 VF 22.2 375 VF 27.1 396 VF 32.3

38




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 280 8.4 270 VF 11.7 263 VF 15.4 258 VF 19.7 255 VF 24.4 254 VF 29.5 255 VF 35.2

30 270 9.5 264 VF 12.8 260 VF 16.6 257 VF 20.8 257 VF 25.6 259 VF 30.8 262 VF 36.4

40 266 10.0 263 VF 13.4 262 VF 17.2 262 VF 21.5 265 VF 26.3 269 VF 31.5 276 VF 37.2

50 268 10.1 268 VF 13.5 270 VF 17.4 273 VF 21.7 279 VF 26.5 286 VF 31.8 295 VF 37.5

60 276 9.7 279 VF 13.2 283 VF 17.1 290 VF 21.4 298 VF 26.2 308 VF 31.5 321 VF 37.3



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 202 VF 10.6 184 VF 14.4 169 VF 18.6 155 VF 23.3 143 VF 28.5 133 VF 34.1 125 VF 40.2

30 196 VF 11.7 181 VF 15.5 168 VF 19.7 157 VF 24.5 148 VF 29.7 141 VF 35.3 136 VF 41.5

40 196 VF 12.3 184 VF 16.1 174 VF 20.4 166 VF 25.2 159 VF 30.4 155 VF 36.1 153 VF 42.2

50 202 VF 12.4 192 VF 16.2 185 VF 20.5 180 VF 25.3 177 VF 30.6 175 VF 36.3 176 VF 42.5

60 213 VF 12.0 207 VF 15.8 202 VF 20.2 200 VF 25.0 200 VF 30.3 201 VF 36.1 205 VF 42.3

39

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 358 3.7 361 5.9 367 8.6 374 11.7 384 VF 15.3 395 VF 19.4 408 VF 23.9

30 343 4.7 349 6.9 357 9.7 368 12.8 380 VF 16.5 394 VF 20.6 410 VF 25.2

40 333 5.2 342 7.5 354 10.3 367 13.5 382 VF 17.1 399 VF 21.3 418 VF 25.9

50 330 5.3 342 7.6 356 10.4 372 13.6 390 VF 17.3 410 VF 21.5 432 VF 26.1

60 332 4.8 347 7.2 364 10.0 383 13.3 404 VF 17.0 427 VF 21.2 452 VF 25.8



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvcs DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 356 M 5.8 351 8.4 347 11.6 346 VF 15.2 347 VF 19.3 349 VF 23.8 354 VF 28.8

30 344 F 6.8 342 9.5 341 12.7 343 VF 16.3 346 VF 20.4 352 VF 25.0 359 VF 30.1

40 338 F 7.3 339 10.1 341 13.3 346 VF 17.0 352 VF 21.1 360 VF 25.7 371 VF 30.8

50 338 F 7.4 342 10.2 347 13.4 354 VF 17.1 364 VF 21.3 375 VF 25.9 388 VF 31.0

60 344 F 6.9 350 9.7 359 13.0 369 VF 16.7 381 VF 20.9 395 VF 25.6 411 VF 30.7

40




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 314 F 8.0 299 F 11.1 287 VF 14.7 277 VF 18.8 269 VF 23.4 263 VF 28.4 258 VF 33.8

30 305 F 9.0 294 F 12.2 285 VF 15.8 278 VF 19.9 272 VF 24.5 269 VF 29.6 267 VF 35.1

40 303 F 9.5 295 VF 12.7 288 VF 16.4 284 VF 20.6 281 VF 25.2 281 VF 30.2 282 VF 35.8

50 306 F 9.6 301 VF 12.8 297 VF 16.5 296 VF 20.7 296 VF 25.3 299 VF 30.4 303 VF 36.0

60 316 F 9.1 313 VF 12.4 312 VF 16.1 314 VF 20.3 317 VF 25.0 322 VF 30.1 330 VF 35.7



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 230 VF 10.3 207 VF 13.9 186 VF 18.0 167 VF 22.5 150 VF 27.5 135 VF 33.0 122 VF 39.0

30 226 VF 11.3 206 VF 15.0 187 VF 19.1 171 VF 23.6 157 VF 28.7 145 VF 34.2 135 VF 40.2

40 227 VF 11.8 209 VF 15.5 194 VF 19.7 181 VF 24.3 170 VF 29.4 160 VF 34.9 153 VF 40.9

50 234 VF 11.9 219 VF 15.6 207 VF 19.8 197 VF 24.4 188 VF 29.5 182 VF 35.1 177 VF 41.1

60 246 VF 11.4 235 VF 15.2 226 VF 19.4 218 VF 24.0 213 VF 29.2 209 VF 34.8 207 VF 40.9

41


80° FLAT FAN NOZZLE 8006 Orifice, 0° Angle FIXED-WING

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 393 M 2.9 391 M 5.0 391 M 7.5 394 10.5 398 F 14.0 404 VF 17.9 412 VF 22.3

30 379 M 3.9 380 M 6.0 383 M 8.6 388 11.6 396 F 15.1 405 VF 19.0 416 VF 23.5

40 371 M 4.4 375 M 6.5 381 M 9.1 389 12.2 399 VF 15.7 411 VF 19.7 425 VF 24.1

50 368 M 4.4 375 M 6.6 384 M 9.2 395 12.3 408 VF 15.8 423 VF 19.8 440 VF 24.3

60 372 M 3.9 382 M 6.1 394 M 8.8 408 11.9 424 F 15.4 441 VF 19.5 461 VF 24.0



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 385 M 5.1 374 M 7.6 366 10.6 359 F 14.1 355 VF 18.0 352 VF 22.4 352 VF 27.3

30 374 M 6.1 367 M 8.7 361 11.7 358 F 15.2 356 VF 19.1 356 VF 23.6 359 VF 28.4

40 370 M 6.6 365 M 9.2 362 12.2 362 VF 15.8 363 VF 19.8 366 VF 24.2 371 VF 29.1

50 371 M 6.6 369 M 9.2 369 12.3 372 VF 15.9 376 VF 19.9 382 VF 24.4 390 VF 29.3

60 378 M 6.1 379 M 8.7 382 11.9 387 VF 15.4 394 VF 19.5 403 VF 24.0 414 VF 29.0

42




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 336 7.4 317 10.4 300 VF 13.9 284 VF 17.8 271 VF 22.2 260 VF 27.0 250 VF 32.4

30 329 8.4 313 11.4 299 VF 14.9 286 VF 18.9 276 VF 23.3 267 VF 28.2 261 VF 33.5

40 328 8.9 315 11.9 303 VF 15.5 294 VF 19.4 286 VF 23.9 281 VF 28.8 277 VF 34.2

50 333 8.9 322 12.0 314 VF 15.5 307 VF 19.5 302 VF 24.0 300 VF 29.0 299 VF 34.4

60 343 8.4 336 11.5 330 VF 15.1 326 VF 19.1 325 VF 23.6 325 VF 28.6 327 VF 34.1



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 247 VF 9.8 219 VF 13.3 193 VF 17.2 169 VF 21.6 147 VF 26.4 126 VF 31.8 108 VF 37.6

30 243 VF 10.8 218 VF 14.3 195 VF 18.2 174 VF 22.7 155 VF 27.6 137 VF 32.9 122 VF 38.7

40 246 VF 11.3 223 VF 14.8 203 VF 18.8 185 VF 23.2 169 VF 28.2 154 VF 33.6 142 VF 39.4

50 254 VF 11.3 235 VF 14.8 217 VF 18.8 202 VF 23.3 188 VF 28.3 177 VF 33.7 167 VF 39.6

60 268 VF 10.7 252 VF 14.3 237 VF 18.4 225 VF 22.9 214 VF 27.9 205 VF 33.3 199 VF 39.3

43


80° FLAT FAN NOZZLE 8008 Orifice, 0° Angle FIXED-WING

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 416 M 2.1 409 M 4.0 404 M 6.3 402 F 9.2 401 12.5 402 VF 16.3 405 VF 20.5

30 403 M 3.0 399 M 4.9 398 M 7.3 398 F 10.2 400 13.6 404 VF 17.4 410 VF 21.6

40 396 M 3.4 395 M 5.4 397 M 7.8 400 F 10.7 405 14.1 412 VF 17.9 420 VF 22.2

50 395 M 3.4 397 M 5.4 401 M 7.9 407 M 10.8 415 14.2 425 VF 18.0 437 VF 22.4

60 400 M 2.8 405 M 4.9 412 M 7.4 421 M 10.3 432 13.8 444 VF 17.7 459 VF 22.0



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 402 M 4.3 386 M 6.7 373 F 9.5 361 12.8 352 VF 16.6 344 VF 20.9 338 VF 25.6

30 393 M 5.3 380 M 7.7 370 F 10.5 361 13.9 354 VF 17.7 349 VF 22.0 347 VF 26.7

40 389 M 5.7 380 M 8.1 372 F 11.0 366 14.4 362 VF 18.2 361 VF 22.5 361 VF 27.3

50 392 M 5.6 385 M 8.1 380 F 11.0 377 14.4 377 VF 18.3 378 VF 22.6 381 VF 27.4

60 400 M 5.1 396 M 7.6 394 M 10.6 394 14.0 396 VF 17.9 400 VF 22.2 406 VF 27.1

44


80° FLAT FAN NOZZLE 8008 Orifice, 60''Angle FIXED-WING

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 347 F 6.7 323 9.5 301 F 12.8 280 VF 16.6 262 VF 20.9 245 VF 25.6 231 VF 30.7

30 341 F 7.6 320 10.5 301 VF 13.8 283 VF 17.6 268 VF 21.9 254 VF 26.7 243 VF 31.9

40 342 F 8.1 323 11.0 307 VF 14.3 292 VF 18.2 279 VF 22.5 269 VF 27.2 260 VF 32.5

50 348 M 8.0 332 10.9 318 VF 14.3 307 VF 18.2 297 VF 22.5 289 VF 27.3 283 VF 32.6

60 360 M 7.4 347 10.4 336 F 13.9 327 VF 17.8 321 VF 22.1 316 VF 26.9 313 VF 32.2



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 252 VF 9.2 219 VF 12.5 187 VF 16.3 158 VF 20.5 131 VF 25.2 106 VF 30.4 83 VF 36.0

30 250 VF 10.1 219 VF 13.4 191 VF 17.2 165 VF 21.5 141 VF 26.3 118 VF 31.5 98 VF 37.1

40 253 F 10.5 226 VF 13.9 201 VF 17.7 177 VF 22.1 156 VF 26.8 136 VF 32.1 119 VF 37.8

50 263 F 10.5 238 VF 13.9 216 VF 17.7 195 VF 22.1 177 VF 26.9 160 VF 32.2 146 VF 37.9

60 278 F 9.9 257 VF 13.4 237 VF 17.3 219 VF 21.6 204 VF 26.5 190 VF 31.8 178 VF 37.5

45




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 427 M 1.0 416 M 2.8 406 M 5.0 398 F 7.7 392 F 10.8 388 14.5 386 VF 18.5

30 416 M 1.9 407 M 3.7 400 M 6.0 395 F 8.7 392 F 11.9 391 15.5 392 VF 19.6

40 411 M 2.3 405 M 4.1 401 M 6.4 399 M 9.2 399 F 12.4 400 16.1 404 VF 20.2

50 411 M 2.2 408 M 4.0 407 M 6.4 408 M 9.1 410 F 12.4 415 16.1 422 VF 20.3

60 417 M 1.6 417 M 3.5 419 M 5.8 422 M 8.6 428 F 11.9 436 15.7 445 VF 19.9



PSI

Airspeed, rnpii 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 407 M 3.4 387 M 5.6 368 F 8.3 352 F 11.4 337 VF 15.1 324 VF 19.1 313 VF 23.7

30 399 M 4.3 382 M 6.5 366 F 9.2 352 F 12.4 341 VF 16.1 331 VF 20.2 323 VF 24.8

40 397 M 4.6 383 M 6.9 370 M 9.7 359 F 12.9 350 VF 16.6 343 VF 20.7 338 VF 25.3

50 401 M 4.5 389 M 6.9 380 M 9.6 372 F 12.9 366 VF 16.6 362 VF 20.8 360 VF 25.4

60 411 M 3.9 402 M 6.3 395 M 9.1 390 F 12.4 387 F 16.1 386 VF 20.3 387 VF 25.0

46




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 347 F 5.8 317 8.5 290 11.7 264 VF 15.3 241 VF 19.4 219 VF 23.9 200 VF 29.0

30 342 F 6.7 316 9.4 291 12.6 269 VF 16.3 248 VF 20.4 230 VF 25.0 213 VF 30.0

40 344 F 7.1 320 9.8 299 13.1 279 VF 16.8 261 VF 20.9 246 VF 25.5 232 VF 30.6

50 351 M 7.0 330 9.8 312 13.0 295 VF 16.7 280 VF 20.9 267 VF 25.6 256 VF 30.7

60 364 M 6.4 346 9.2 331 12.5 317 VF 16.2 305 VF 20.4 295 VF 25.1 287 VF 30.3



PSI

Airspeed, mpli 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 245 VF 8.4 207 VF 11.5 171 VF 15.2 136 VF 19.3 104 VF 23.8 74 VF 28.8 45 VF 34.3

30 244 VF 9.3 209 VF 12.5 176 VF 16.1 144 VF 20.2 115 VF 24.8 87 VF 29.9 62 VF 35.4

40 249 VF 9.6 217 VF 12.9 186 VF 16.6 158 VF 20.7 132 VF 25.3 107 VF 30.4 84 VF 36.0

50 260 F 9.5 231 VF 12.8 203 VF 16.5 178 VF 20.7 154 VF 25.3 132 VF 30.5 113 VF 36.0

60 277 F 8.9 250 VF 12.2 226 VF 16.0 203 VF 20.2 182 VF 24.9 163 VF 30.0 147 VF 35.6

47

Table 1-4—^Atomization Parameters for CP-03 Nozzle

CP-03 NOZZLE FIXED-WING

0.061 Orifice, 30° Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 342 M 2.6 312 M 2.6 284 F 4.1 258 7.1 233 VF 11.6 210 VF 17.6 189 VF 25.1

30 346 M 3.7 316 M 3.2 288 M 4.2 262 6.7 237 10.8 215 VF 16.3 193 VF 23.4

40 350 M 4.9 320 M 3.9 292 M 4.5 265 6.6 241 10.1 218 VF 15.2 197 VF 21.8

50 352 M 6.4 322 M 4.9 294 M 5.0 267 6.6 243 9.7 220 VF 14.4 199 VF 20.5

60 353 M 8.0 323 M 6.1 295 M 5.7 268 6.9 244 9.5 221 VF 13.7 200 VF 19.4



PSI

Airspeed, mpli 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 335 M 0.4 304 F 1.5 275 4.2 248 8.3 223 14.0 199 VF 21.1 177 VF 29.8

30 336 M 1.7 305 F 2.4 276 4.5 249 8.2 224 13.4 200 VF 20.1 178 VF 28.4

40 336 M 3.2 305 F 3.4 276 5.1 249 8.3 224 13.1 200 VF 19.3 178 VF 27.1

50 335 M 4.9 304 F 4.7 275 5.9 248 8.6 223 12.9 199 VF 18.7 177 VF 26.0

60 333 M 6.9 302 F 6.1 273 6.9 246 9.2 221 VF 13.0 197 VF 18.3 175 VF 25.1

48




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 299 F 5.3 267 F 8.1 237 VF 12.3 209 VF 18.1 182 VF 25.4 157 VF 34.2 134 VF 44.5

30 296 F 7.0 264 VF 9.3 234 VF 13.1 206 VF 18.4 179 VF 25.2 154 VF 33.5 131 VF 43.4

40 291 VF 8.9 260 VF 10.7 230 VF 14.0 201 VF 18.9 175 VF 25.2 150 VF 33.1 127 VF 42.4

50 286 VF 11.0 254 VF 12.3 224 VF 15.2 196 VF 19.6 169 VF 25.4 145 VF 32.8 122 VF 41.7

60 279 VF 13.3 248 VF 14.2 217 VF 16.6 189 VF 20.5 163 VF 25.9 138 VF 32.8 115 VF 41.3



PSI

Airspeed, mpli 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 350 M 3.2 319 M 3.1 289 F 4.6 261 7.5 235 VF 12.0 210 VF 18.0 188 VF 25.5

30 357 M 4.1 325 M 3.6 295 M 4.6 267 7.0 241 11.1 217 VF 16.6 194 VF 23.6

40 362 M 5.2 330 M 4.2 301 M 4.7 273 6.8 246 10.3 222 VF 15.3 199 VF 21.9

50 366 M 6.5 334 M 5.1 305 M 5.1 277 6.7 251 9.7 226 VF 14.3 203 VF 20.4

60 369 M 8.1 337 M 6.1 308 M 5.7 280 6.8 254 9.4 229 VF 13.5 206 VF 19.2

49

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 345 M 0.4 313 F 1.5 282 4.1 254 8.2 227 13.8 201 VF 20.9 178 VF 29.6

30 348 M 1.5 316 F 2.2 286 4.3 257 7.9 230 13.1 205 VF 19.8 181 VF 28.0

40 351 M 2.9 318 F 3.1 288 4.7 259 7.9 232 12.6 207 VF 18.8 183 VF 26.5

50 351 M 4.5 319 F 4.2 289 5.4 260 8.1 233 12.3 208 VF 18.1 184 VF 25.3

60 351 M 6.3 319 M 5.5 288 6.2 260 8.5 233 12.3 207 VF 17.5 184 VF 24.3



PSI

Airspeed, mpli 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 312 4.5 279 F 7.2 247 F 11.4 217 VF 17.1 189 VF 24.3 163 VF 33.1 138 VF 43.4

30 311 6.0 278 F 8.2 246 VF 12.0 216 VF 17.3 188 VF 24.0 162 VF 32.3 137 VF 42.1

40 309 7.8 275 VF 9.5 244 VF 12.8 214 VF 17.6 186 VF 23.9 160 VF 31.7 135 VF 41.1

50 305 9.7 272 VF 11.0 240 VF 13.8 211 VF 18.2 182 VF 24.0 156 VF 31.4 132 VF 40.2

60 301 VF 11.9 267 VF 12.7 236 VF 15.1 206 VF 18.9 178 VF 24.3 151 VF 31.2 127 VF 39.6

50




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 356 M 3.8 323 M 3.6 292 F 5.1 262 F 8.0 235 VF 12.4 209 VF 18.4 185 VF 25.8

30 364 M 4.5 331 M 4.0 300 M 4.9 270 F 7.4 243 VF 11.3 217 VF 16.8 193 VF 23.8

40 371 M 5.5 338 M 4.5 307 M 5.0 278 F 6.9 250 F 10.4 224 VF 15.5 200 VF 22.0

50 377 M 6.7 344 M 5.2 313 M 5.2 283 F 6.7 256 F 9.8 230 VF 14.3 206 VF 20.4

60 382 M 8.1 349 M 6.1 318 M 5.7 288 M 6.7 261 F 9.3 235 VF 13.4 211 VF 19.0



PSI

Airspeed, mpli 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 353 M 0.4 319 F 1.4 287 4.0 257 8.1 228 13.7 202 VF 20.8 177 VF 29.4

30 358 M 1.4 324 F 2.0 292 4.1 262 7.7 233 12.8 207 VF 19.5 182 VF 27.6

40 362 M 2.7 328 F 2.8 296 4.4 266 7.6 237 12.2 211 VF 18.4 186 VF 26.1

50 364 M 4.1 331 M 3.8 299 4.9 269 7.6 240 11.8 213 VF 17.5 189 VF 24.7

60 366 M 5.8 332 M 5.0 300 5.7 270 7.9 242 11.6 215 VF 16.9 190 VF 23.6

51




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 323 3.7 288 6.4 255 F 10.6 223 F 16.3 194 VF 23.5 166 VF 32.2 140 VF 42.4

30 323 5.1 288 7.3 255 F 11.0 224 VF 16.3 195 VF 23.0 167 VF 31.3 141 VF 41.0

40 323 6.8 288 8.5 255 F 11.7 224 VF 16.5 194 VF 22.8 166 VF 30.6 140 VF 39.9

50 321 8.6 286 9.9 253 VF 12.6 ??? VF 16.9 192 VF 22.7 165 VF 30.1 139 VF 38.9

60 318 10.6 283 VF 11.4 250 VF 13.8 219 VF 17.6 190 VF 22.9 162 VF 29.8 136 VF 38.1



'PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 362 M 4.9 327 M 4.7 292 F 6.1 260 VF 8.9 229 VF 13.2 201 VF 19.1 174 VF 26.5

30 374 M 5.4 339 M 4.8 304 F 5.6 272 F 8.0 241 VF 11.9 213 VF 17.3 186 VF 24.2

40 385 M 6.1 349 M 5.0 315 M 5.4 283 F 7.3 252 VF 10.8 223 VF 15.7 196 VF 22.2

50 395 M 7.1 359 M 5.5 325 M 5.4 293 F 6.9 262 F 9.8 233 VF 14.3 206 VF 20.3

60 404 M 8.2 368 M 6.2 333 M 5.6 301 M 6.6 270 F 9.1 242 VF 13.1 215 VF 18.6

52

I I




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 364 M 0.4 327 F 1.4 292 3.8 259 7.8 227 VF 13.4 198 VF 20.4 170 VF 28.9

30 372 M 1.2 336 F 1.7 301 3.7 268 7.2 236 12.3 207 VF 18.8 179 VF 26.9

40 380 M 2.2 343 F 2.2 308 3.8 275 6.8 244 11.4 214 VF 17.5 186 VF 25.1

50 387 M 3.4 350 M 2.9 315 4.0 282 6.6 250 10.7 221 F 16.4 193 VF 23.5

60 392 M 4.8 355 M 3.9 320 4.5 287 6.6 256 10.3 226 F 15.4 198 VF 22.1



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 339 2.1 301 4.7 265 8.8 231 F 14.4 199 VF 21.6 168 VF 30.2 139 VF 40.4

30 344 3.3 306 5.4 270 9.0 236 F 14.2 203 VF 20.9 172 VF 29.0 143 VF 38.7

40 347 4.7 309 6.3 273 9.5 239 F 14.2 206 VF 20.4 176 VF 28.1 147 VF 37.3

50 349 6.2 311 7.4 275 10.1 241 VF 14.3 208 VF 20.1 178 VF 27.3 149 VF 36.1

60 350 8.0 312 8.7 276 11.0 242 VF 14.7 209 VF 20.0 179 VF 26.8 150 VF 35.0

53




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 360 M 6.6 320 F 6.3 281 VF 7.5 245 VF 10.2 210 VF 14.5 177 VF 20.2 145 VF 27.5

30 377 M 6.7 337 M 6.0 299 F 6.7 262 VF 9.0 227 VF 12.8 194 VF 18.1 163 VF 24.9

40 394 M 7.1 354 M 5.9 315 F 6.1 278 F 7.9 243 VF 11.3 210 VF 16.1 179 VF 22.4

50 409 M 7.7 369 M 6.0 330 M 5.8 293 F 7.1 259 VF 10.0 225 VF 14.3 194 VF 20.2

60 423 M 8.4 383 M 6.3 344 M 5.6 307 F 6.5 272 F 8.9 239 VF 12.8 208 VF 18.2



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 367 F 0.5 326 F 1.3 287 F 3.7 249 VF 7.6 214 VF 13.0 180 VF 19.9 147 VF 28.3

30 381 M 0.9 340 F 1.2 301 F 3.2 264 F 6.6 228 VF 11.5 194 VF 17.9 162 VF 25.9

40 394 M 1.5 353 F 1.4 314 F 2.8 277 F 5.8 241 VF 10.3 207 VF 16.2 175 VF 23.7

50 406 M 2.3 365 M 1.8 326 F 2.7 289 F 5.2 253 F 9.2 219 VF 14.7 187 VF 21.8

60 417 M 3.3 376 M 2.3 337 F 2.8 299 F 4.9 264 F 8.4 230 VF 13.4 198 VF 20.0

54




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 351 0.1 309 2.4 269 6.4 230 11.9 193 VF 18.9 158 VF 27.4 125 VF 37.4

30 361 0.7 319 2.7 279 6.2 240 11.2 203 F 17.8 168 VF 25.8 135 VF 35.4

40 370 1.7 328 3.2 287 6.3 249 10.8 212 VF 16.9 177 VF 24.5 143 VF 33.6

50 377 2.9 335 3.9 295 6.5 256 10.6 219 VF 16.2 184 VF 23.4 151 VF 32.0

60 384 4.3 342 4.9 301 P 7.0 263 10.6 226 VF 15.8 191 VF 22.5 157 VF 30.6

55

Table 1-5—Atomization Parameters for CP-09 Nozzle



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 497 C 2.0 438 M 2.1 389 M 2.8 347 M 4.2 315 F 6.1 290 8.7 274 11.9 30 524 c 2.2 463 M 2.2 409 M 2.7 365 M 3.9 328 M 5.7 300 8.1 281 11.2 40 555 vc 2.3 490 C 2.1 433 M 2.5 385 M 3.6 345 M 5.2 314 7.5 291 10.4 50 589 vc 2.3 520 C 1.9 460 M 2.2 408 M 3.1 365 M 4.5 330 6.7 304 9.4 60 626 vc 2.1 554 C 1.6 490 M 1.7 435 M 2.4 388 M 3.8 350 5.7 320 8.3


0.061 Orifice, 5"" Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 453 M 2.8 394 M 3.0 344 M 3.8 302 F 5.1 268 F 7.1 243 9.8 227 VF 13.0 30 480 C 3.1 418 M 3.1 364 M 3.7 318 M 4.9 281 F 6.8 253 9.3 233 VF 12.3 40 511 C 3.2 445 M 3.1 387 M 3.5 338 M 4.6 298 F 6.3 265 8.6 242 VF 11.5 50 544 VC 3.2 474 M 2.9 413 M 3.2 361 M 4.1 317 F 5.7 281 7.8 254 F 10.6 60 580 VC 3.1 507 C 2.6 443 M 2.8 387 M 3.5 339 M 4.9 300 7.0 269 F 9.6

56


CP-09 NOZZLE 0.061 Orifice, 30° Angle FIXED-WING

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 453 M 2.5 391 M 2.9 336 F 3.9 291 5.5 253 VF 7.8 224 VF 10.7 204 VF 14.2

30 477 M 2.9 411 M 3.2 353 F 4.0 304 5.5 263 7.6 231 VF 10.4 207 VF 13.7

40 504 M 3.2 434 M 3.3 373 M 4.1 320 5.4 276 7.4 240 F 9.9 213 VF 13.1

50 534 M 3.4 461 M 3.4 396 M 3.9 340 5.1 292 6.9 252 F 9.4 222 VF 12.4

60 567 M 3.5 490 M 3.3 422 M 3.7 362 4.7 311 6.4 268 F 8.7 234 VF 11.6



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 508 C 1.3 450 M 1.5 399 M 2.3 358 M 3.7 325 M 5.8 300 F 8.4 284 11.7

30 535 vc 1.5 473 C 1.5 419 M 2.2 374 M 3.4 338 M 5.3 309 F 7.8 290 10.9

40 565 vc 1.6 500 C 1.4 442 M 1.9 394 M 3.0 354 M 4.8 322 M 7.1 299 10.1

50 598 vc 1.5 529 C 1.2 469 M 1.5 416 M 2.5 373 M 4.1 337 M 6.3 311 9.1

60 634 vc 1.3 562 VC 0.9 498 M 1.0 442 M 1.8 395 M 3.3 356 M 5.3 326 8.0

57

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 466 C 2.1 406 M 2.3 356 M 3.2 313 M 4.6 279 F 6.7 254 9.4 237 VF 12.7

30 492 c 2.3 429 M 2.4 375 M 3.1 329 M 4.4 292 M 6.3 263 8.9 242 VF 12.0

40 521 c 2.4 455 C 2.3 397 M 2.9 348 M 4.0 307 M 5.8 274 8.2 250 F 11.2

50 554 vc 2.4 484 C 2.1 423 M 2.5 370 M 3.5 325 M 5.2 289 7.4 262 F 10.3

60 589 vc 2.2 516 C 1.8 451 M 2.1 395 M 2.9 347 M 4.4 307 6.5 276 F 9.2



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 470 M 1.5 407 M 2.0 353 F 3.1 306 F 4.8 269 F 7.1 240 10.1 219 VF 13.7

30 493 M 1.9 427 M 2.2 369 M 3.2 319 F 4.8 278 F 6.9 245 9.8 221 VF 13.2

40 519 M 2.2 449 M 2.4 388 M 3.2 334 F 4.6 290 F 6.6 254 9.3 226 VF 12.5

50 548 C 2.3 475 M 2.4 410 M 3.0 353 M 4.3 305 F 6.2 265 8.7 234 VF 11.8

60 581 C 2.4 503 M 2.3 435 M 2.7 375 M 3.9 323 F 5.6 280 7.9 245 F 10.9

58




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 514 C 0.9 455 M 1.2 405 M 2.0 363 M 3.5 329 M 5.6 304 F 8.4 287 11.7

30 540 vc 1.1 478 c 1.2 424 M 1.9 378 M 3.2 341 M 5.2 313 M 7.7 293 10.9

40 569 vc 1.1 504 C 1.0 446 M 1.6 397 M 2.8 357 M 4.6 325 M 7.0 301 10.0

50 602 vc 1.0 532 vc 0.8 471 C 1.2 419 M 2.2 375 M 3.9 339 M 6.1 312 9.0

60 637 vc 0.8 564 VC 0.4 500 C 0.7 444 M 1.5 396 M 3.0 357 M 5.1 327 7.9



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 472 C 1.6 413 M 1.9 361 M 2.9 319 M 4.4 284 F 6.6 259 F 9.3 241 VF 12.7

30 498 C 1.8 435 M 2.0 380 M 2.7 334 M 4.1 296 M 6.1 267 F 8.8 246 VF 12.0

40 527 c 1.9 460 C 1.9 402 M 2.5 352 M 3.7 311 M 5.6 278 F 8.1 254 F 11.1

50 558 VC 1.8 488 C 1.7 426 M 2.1 373 M 3.2 328 M 4.9 292 F 7.2 264 F 10.2

60 593 VC 1.6 519 G 1.3 454 M 1.6 397 M 2.6 349 M 4.1 309 M 6.3 278 F 9.1

59

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo,5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 481 M 0.8 417 M 1.4 362 M 2.5 316 F 4.3 278 6.8 248 9.8 227 VF 13.4

30 503 M 1.2 436 M 1.6 378 M 2.6 328 F 4.3 286 6.5 253 9.4 228 VF 12.9

40 528 C 1.5 458 M 1.7 396 M 2.6 342 M 4.1 297 6.2 261 8.9 233 VF 12.3

50 557 C 1.6 483 M 1.7 417 M 2.4 360 M 3.8 312 5.7 272 8.3 240 F 11.5

60 588 C 1.6 511 M 1.5 442 M 2.1 381 M 3.3 329 5.1 286 7.5 251 F 10.6



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 512 C 0.7 452 M 1.1 401 M 2.2 358 M 3.8 324 M 6.1 298 F 8.9 281 12.4

30 537 vc 0.8 474 C 1.1 419 M 2.0 373 M 3.4 335 M 5.5 306 F 8.3 285 11.6

40 565 vc 0.8 498 C 0.9 440 M 1.6 390 M 2.9 349 M 4.9 316 M 7.5 292 10.6

50 595 vc 0.6 525 C 0.6 464 C 1.1 410 M 2.3 366 M 4.1 329 M 6.5 301 9.6

60 629 vc 0.4 556 VC 0.1 490 C 0.6 434 M 1.6 385 M 3.2 346 M 5.5 314 8.4

60

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo,5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 472 C 1.4 412 M 1.8 360 M 2.9 316 M 4.6 281 F 6.9 255 F 9.8 237 VF 13.4

30 496 c 1.5 432 M 1.8 377 M 2.7 330 M 4.3 291 M 6.4 261 F 9.2 240 VF 12.6

40 523 c 1.5 456 C 1.7 397 M 2.4 347 M 3.8 305 M 5.8 271 F 8.4 246 F 11.7

50 554 vc 1.4 483 C 1.4 420 M 2.0 366 M 3.2 321 M 5.1 284 F 7.5 255 F 10.6

60 587 vc 1.1 512 C 1.0 446 M 1.4 389 M 2.5 340 M 4.2 299 M 6.5 267 F 9.4



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 489 M 0.1 425 M 0.8 369 M 2.1 322 F 4.1 283 F 6.6 253 9.8 231 VF 13.6

30 510 M 0.4 442 M 1.0 383 M 2.1 332 M 3.9 290 F 6.3 256 9.4 231 VF 13.0

40 534 C 0.6 462 M 1.0 400 M 2.0 345 M 3.7 300 F 5.9 262 8.8 234 VF 12.3

50 560 C 0.7 486 M 0.9 420 M 1.8 362 M 3.3 313 M 5.4 272 8.1 239 F 11.5

60 590 VC 0.6 512 M 0.7 442 M 1.4 381 M 2.8 328 M 4.7 284 7.3 248 F 10.5

61




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 476 M 2.1 415 M 2.7 363 M 4.0 319 F 5.8 284 8.3 257 11.4 238 VF 15.1

30 498 C 2.1 434 M 2.6 378 M 3.6 331 M 5.3 292 7.7 262 10.6 240 VF 14.2

40 524 C 2.0 456 M 2.3 397 M 3.2 346 M 4.8 304 6.9 270 9.7 244 VF 13.1

50 552 VC 1.7 481 M 1.9 418 M 2.7 364 M 4.1 318 6.1 281 8.7 252 F 11.9

60 584 VC 1.4 509 C 1.4 443 M 2.0 385 M 3.2 336 5.1 295 7.6 263 F 10.7



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 438 M 2.6 377 M 3.3 324 M 4.5 279 F 6.4 243 9.0 216 VF 12.1 196 VF 15.9

30 460 M 2.6 395 M 3.1 338 M 4.3 290 F 6.0 251 8.4 220 VF 11.4 197 VF 15.0

40 485 C 2.5 416 M 2.9 356 M 3.9 305 M 5.5 262 7.7 227 F 10.5 201 VF 14.0

50 513 C 2.3 441 M 2.6 377 M 3.4 322 M 4.8 276 6.9 238 F 9.6 208 VF 12.9

60 544 VC 2.0 468 M 2.1 401 M 2.7 343 M 4.0 293 5.9 251 F 8.5 218 VF 11.6

62




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 467 M 0.6 402 M 1.5 345 F 3.1 297 F 5.3 257 8.0 226 VF 11.4 203 VF 15.5

30 486 M 0.9 417 M 1.6 357 M 3.0 305 F 5.0 262 7.7 227 10.9 200 VF 14.8

40 507 M 1.0 435 M 1.6 371 M 2.8 316 F 4.7 269 7.2 231 10.3 201 VF 14.0

50 532 M 1.0 456 M 1.4 389 M 2.5 330 F 4.2 280 6.5 238 9.5 205 VF 13.0

60 560 C 0.8 480 M 1.1 410 M 2.1 347 M 3.6 294 5.8 248 8.6 211 VF 12.0

63

Table 1-6—^Atomization Parameters for CP-11TT with Straight Stream Tips Nozzle

CP-11TT WITH STRAIGHT STREAM TIPS NOZZLE FIXED-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 589 vc 0.1 487 C 0.1 406 M 0.1 345 M 0.1 305 M 0.2 284 M 0.4 285 F 0.5

30 655 vc 0.1 545 VC 0.1 456 C 0.1 387 M 0.1 338 M 0.2 309 M 0.3 301 M 0.4

40 719 xc 0.1 601 vc 0.1 503 C 0.1 425 M 0.1 368 M 0.1 332 M 0.2 315 M 0.3

50 779 xc 0.1 653 vc 0.1 547 vc 0.1 461 C 0.1 396 M 0.1 351 M 0.2 326 M 0.3

60 837 xc 0.1 702 xc 0.1 588 VC 0.1 494 C 0.1 421 M 0.1 367 M 0.1 335 M 0.2


0008 Orifice, 8'' Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 545 C 0.1 449 M 0.1 373 M 0.1 317 M 0.2 281 F 0.3 266 F 0.4 271 F 0.6

30 612 VC 0.1 507 C 0.1 422 M 0.1 358 M 0.1 314 M 0.2 291 M 0.3 288 F 0.5

40 675 vc 0.1 562 VC 0.1 469 C 0.1 397 M 0.1 345 M 0.2 313 M 0.3 302 M 0.4

50 736 vc 0.1 614 VC 0.1 513 C 0.1 433 C 0.1 372 M 0.2 332 M 0.2 313 M 0.4

60 793 xc 0.1 664 VC 0.1 554 VC 0.1 465 C 0.1 397 M 0.1 349 M 0.2 321 M 0.3

64




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 516 M 0.2 427 M 0.2 359 M 0.2 310 F 0.3 283 F 0.4 275 F 0.5 288 F 0.7

30 582 VC 0.2 485 M 0.2 408 M 0.2 352 M 0.3 316 F 0.4 300 F 0.5 304 F 0.6

40 646 VC 0.2 540 VC 0.2 455 C 0.2 390 M 0.3 346 M 0.3 322 M 0.4 318 F 0.5

50 706 VC 0.3 592 VC 0.2 499 C 0.2 426 M 0.3 373 M 0.3 341 M 0.4 329 M 0.5

60 763 XC 0.3 641 VC 0.3 540 VC 0.2 459 C 0.3 398 M 0.3 357 M 0.4 337 M 0.5



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 594 VC 0.1 492 C 0.1 410 M 0.1 349 M 0.2 308 M 0.3 288 M 0.4 288 F 0.6

30 658 VC 0.1 548 VC 0.1 458 C 0.1 388 M 0.1 339 M 0.2 311 M 0.3 303 M 0.5

40 719 XC 0.1 601 VC 0.1 503 C 0.1 425 M 0.1 368 M 0.2 331 M 0.3 314 M 0.4

50 778 XC 0.1 651 VC 0.1 545 VC 0.1 459 C 0.1 393 M 0.1 348 M 0.2 324 M 0.3

60 833 XC 0.1 698 XC 0.1 584 VC 0.1 490 C 0.1 416 M 0.1 363 M 0.1 330 M 0.3

65

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo,5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 552 vc 0.1 455 M 0.1 378 M 0.1 322 M 0.2 287 F 0.3 271 F 0.4 276 F 0.6

30 616 vc 0.1 511 C 0.1 426 M 0.1 362 M 0.2 318 M 0.3 294 F 0.4 291 F 0.5

40 677 vc 0.1 564 vc 0.1 471 C 0.1 398 M 0.1 346 M 0.2 314 M 0.3 303 M 0.4

50 736 vc 0.1 614 VC 0.1 513 C 0.1 432 C 0.1 372 M 0.2 331 M 0.3 312 M 0.4

60 791 xc 0.1 661 VC 0.1 552 VC 0.1 463 C 0.1 394 M 0.1 346 M 0.2 318 M 0.3



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 525 C 0.2 436 M 0.2 367 M 0.2 319 F 0.3 291 F 0.4 283 F 0.5 296 F 0.6

30 589 VC 0.2 492 C 0.2 415 M 0.2 358 M 0.3 322 M 0.3 306 F 0.4 310 F 0.6

40 650 VC 0.2 545 VC 0.2 459 C 0.2 394 M 0.2 350 M 0.3 325 M 0.4 322 F 0.5

50 709 vc 0.2 595 VC 0.2 501 C 0.2 428 M 0.2 375 M 0.3 343 M 0.4 330 M 0.5

60 764 xc 0.3 642 VC 0.2 540 VC 0.2 459 C 0.2 397 M 0.3 357 M 0.3 336 M 0.4

66




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 596 vc 0.1 494 C 0.1 413 M 0.1 351 M 0.2 310 M 0.3 290 F 0.4 290 F 0.6

30 659 vc 0.1 548 VC 0.1 458 C 0.1 389 M 0.2 340 M 0.3 311 M 0.4 302 M 0.5

40 718 vc 0.1 599 vc 0.1 501 C 0.1 423 M 0.1 366 M 0.2 329 M 0.3 312 M 0.4

50 774 xc 0.1 648 vc 0.1 541 VC 0.1 455 C 0.1 389 M 0.2 344 M 0.2 319 M 0.4

60 828 xc 0.1 693 xc 0.1 578 vc 0.1 484 C 0.1 410 M 0.1 356 M 0.2 323 M 0.3



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 556 VC 0.1 459 M 0.1 383 M 0.1 326 M 0.2 291 F 0.3 275 F 0.5 280 F 0.6

30 618 vc 0.1 513 C 0.1 428 M 0.1 364 M 0.2 320 M 0.3 296 F 0.4 293 F 0.5

40 678 vc 0.1 564 VC 0.1 471 C 0.1 398 M 0.1 346 M 0.2 314 M 0.3 302 M 0.5

50 734 vc 0.1 612 VC 0.1 511 C 0.1 430 C 0.1 369 M 0.2 329 M 0.3 309 M 0.4

60 788 xc 0.1 658 VC 0.1 548 VC 0.1 459 C 0.1 390 M 0.2 341 M 0.2 313 M 0.3

67

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 532 C 0.1 443 M 0.1 374 M 0.2 325 M 0.3 297 F 0.4 289 F 0.5 302 F 0.6 30 594 vc 0.1 497 C 0.1 419 M 0.2 363 M 0.2 326 M 0.3 310 F 0.4 314 F 0.6 40 653 vc 0.2 548 VC 0.2 462 C 0.2 397 M 0.2 352 M 0.3 328 M 0.4 324 M 0.5 50 710 vc 0.2 596 VC 0.2 502 C 0.2 428 M 0.2 375 M 0.3 343 M 0.4 330 M 0.5 60 763 xc 0.2 641 VC 0.2 539 VC 0.2 457 C 0.2 396 M 0.3 355 M 0.3 334 M 0.4



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 598 VC 0.1 495 C 0.1 413 M 0.2 352 M 0.3 311 M 0.4 290 F 0.5 289 F 0.7 30 657 VC 0.1 546 VC 0.1 456 C 0.1 386 M 0.2 337 M 0.3 308 M 0.4 299 F 0.6 40 713 VC 0.1 594 vc 0.1 496 C 0.1 418 M 0.2 360 M 0.3 323 M 0.4 306 M 0.5 50 766 xc 0.1 639 VC 0.1 533 VC 0.1 446 C 0.1 380 M 0.2 335 M 0.3 309 M 0.5 60 817 xc 0.1 682 vc 0.1 567 VC 0.1 472 C 0.1 398 M 0.2 344 M 0.3 311 M 0.4

68


CP-11TT WITH STRAIGHT STREAM TIPS NOZZLE 0015 Orifice, 8° Angle FIXED-WING

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 560 vc 0.1 463 M 0.1 386 M 0.2 330 M 0.2 293 F 0.4 278 F 0.5 282 F 0.7

30 619 vc 0.1 514 C 0.1 429 M 0.1 364 M 0.2 319 M 0.3 295 F 0.4 292 F 0.6

40 675 vc 0.1 562 VC 0.1 468 C 0.1 395 M 0.2 343 M 0.3 310 M 0.4 298 F 0.5

50 729 vc 0.1 607 VC 0.1 505 C 0.1 424 M 0.2 363 M 0.2 322 M 0.3 302 M 0.4

60 779 xc 0.1 649 VC 0.1 539 VC 0.1 449 C 0.1 380 M 0.2 332 M 0.3 303 M 0.4

CP-11TT WITH STRAIGHT STREAM TIPS NOZZLE 0015 Orifice, 20° Angle FIXED-WING

PSI

Airspeed, mpli 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 540 VC 0.1 451 M 0.1 381 M 0.1 332 M 0.2 304 F 0.3 296 F 0.5 308 F 0.6

30 599 vc 0.1 501 C 0.1 424 M 0.1 366 M 0.2 330 M 0.3 313 M 0.4 317 F 0.6

40 655 vc 0.1 549 VC 0.1 463 C 0.1 398 M 0.2 353 M 0.3 328 M 0.4 324 M 0.5

50 708 vc 0.1 594 VC 0.1 500 C 0.1 426 M 0.2 373 M 0.2 340 M 0.3 327 M 0.5

60 759 xc 0.2 636 VC 0.2 534 VC 0.2 452 C 0.2 390 M 0.2 349 M 0.3 328 M 0.4

69




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 592 vc 0.2 489 C 0.2 407 M 0.3 345 M 0.4 303 M 0.5 282 F 0.7 281 0.8

30 646 vc 0.1 535 VC 0.2 444 C 0.2 374 M 0.3 324 M 0.4 294 F 0.6 285 0.7

40 697 vc 0.1 578 vc 0.2 479 C 0.2 400 M 0.3 342 M 0.4 304 M 0.5 287 0.7

50 745 xc 0.2 618 vc 0.2 511 C 0.2 424 M 0.3 357 M 0.3 311 M 0.5 286 0.6

60 791 xc 0.2 655 vc 0.2 539 VC 0.2 444 C 0.2 370 M 0.3 315 M 0.4 281 0.5



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 559 VC 0.1 461 C 0.1 384 M 0.2 327 M 0.3 290 F 0.4 274 F 0.6 278 0.7

30 613 vc 0.1 507 C 0.1 421 M 0.2 356 M 0.3 311 M 0.4 287 F 0.5 282 0.7

40 664 vc 0.1 550 VC 0.1 456 C 0.2 382 M 0.2 329 M 0.3 296 F 0.4 284 0.6

50 712 vc 0.1 589 vc 0.1 487 C 0.1 406 M 0.2 344 M 0.3 303 M 0.4 283 0.5

60 757 xc 0.1 627 vc 0.1 516 C 0.1 426 M 0.2 357 M 0.3 307 M 0.3 278 0.5

70




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 546 vc 0.1 455 C 0.1 386 M 0.1 336 M 0.2 307 M 0.3 299 F 0.4 310 F 0.6

30 599 vc 0.1 501 c 0.1 423 M 0.1 365 M 0.2 328 M 0.3 311 M 0.4 314 F 0.5

40 650 vc 0.1 543 vc 0.1 457 C 0.1 391 M 0.1 346 M 0.2 321 M 0.3 316 M 0.5

50 698 xc 0.1 583 vc 0.1 489 C 0.1 415 M 0.1 361 M 0.2 327 M 0.3 314 M 0.4

60 743 xc 0.1 620 vc 0.1 517 C 0.1 435 _Ç_^ 0.1 373 M 0.2 331 M 0.3 310 M 0.4



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 576 VC 0.3 473 C 0.3 390 M 0.4 328 M 0.5 285 F 0.6 264 0.8 262 1.0 30 625 vc 0.2 514 c 0.3 422 M 0.4 352 M 0.4 301 M 0.6 271 0.7 262 0.9

40 671 vc 0.2 551 VC 0.3 452 C 0.3 373 M 0.4 314 M 0.5 276 0.6 258 0.8

50 714 vc 0.2 586 vc 0.3 479 C 0.3 391 M 0.4 324 M 0.5 278 0.6 252 0.7

60 755 xc 0.3 618 vc 0.3 502 C 0.3 407 M 0.3 332 M 0.4 277 0.5 242 0.7

71

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 DVO.S DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 548 vc 0.1 450 C 0.2 372 M 0.2 314 M 0.3 277 F 0.5 260 0.6 264 0.8

30 596 vc 0.1 490 c 0.2 404 M 0.2 338 M 0.3 293 M 0.4 268 0.6 263 0.7

40 642 vc 0.1 528 c 0.1 433 c 0.2 359 M 0.3 306 M 0.4 272 0.5 259 0.7

50 685 vc 0.1 562 vc 0.2 460 C 0.2 377 M 0.3 316 M 0.3 274 0.5 253 0.6

60 726 xc 0.2 594 vc 0.2 483 C 0.2 393 M 0.2 323 M 0.3 273 0.4 244 0.5



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 541 VC 0.1 450 C 0.1 380 M 0.1 330 M 0.1 301 M 0.3 291 M 0.4 303 F 0.6

30 589 vc 0.1 491 c 0.1 412 M 0.1 354 M 0.1 316 M 0.2 299 M 0.4 302 F 0.5

40 635 vc 0.1 528 c 0.1 441 C 0.1 375 M 0.1 329 M 0.2 303 M 0.3 298 F 0.5

50 678 xc 0.1 563 vc 0.1 468 C 0.1 393 M 0.1 339 M 0.2 305 M 0.3 291 F 0.4

60 718 xc 0.1 594 vc 0.1 491 C 0.1 408 M 0.1 346 M 0.2 304 M 0.3 282 F 0.4

72

Table 1-7—Atomization Parameters for Disc Orifice 46 Core Ceramic Nozzle

DISC ORIFICE 46 CORE CERAMIC NOZZLE FIXED-WING

D2 Orifice, 0° Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 402 M 0.4 368 M 0.3 338 0.3 311 0.5 288 0.7 269 1.0 252 1.4

30 408 M 0.4 374 M 0.2 344 0.2 318 0.3 295 0.5 276 0.7 260 1.1

40 413 M 0.4 380 M 0.2 350 0.1 324 0.2 302 0.3 283 0.5 267 0.9

50 417 M 0.5 384 M 0.3 355 0.1 329 0.1 307 0.2 288 0.4 273 0.7

60 420 M 0.6 388 M 0.4 359 0.2 334 0.1 312 0.2 294 0.3 279 0.6

DISC ORIFICE 46 CORE CERAMIC NOZZLE D2 Orifice, SO«" Angle FIXED-WING

PSI

Airspeed, mpli 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 349 F 0.2 320 0.2 295 0.3 273 0.5 255 0.8 240 1.2 229 1.6

30 353 F 0.2 324 0.2 299 0.2 278 0.4 260 0.6 245 1.0 234 1.4

40 356 M 0.3 328 0.2 303 0.2 282 0.3 264 0.5 250 0.8 240 1.2

50 358 M 0.4 330 0.3 306 0.3 285 0.3 268 0.5 254 0.7 244 1.1

60 360 M 0.7 332 0.5 308 0.4 288 0.4 271 0.5 257 0.7 248 1.0

73




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 298 0.5 274 0.6 254 0.7 237 1.0 224 1.4 214 1.8 207 2.4

30 300 0.6 277 0.6 257 0.7 240 0.9 227 1.3 217 1.7 211 2.2

40 302 0.7 278 0.7 258 0.8 242 1.0 229 1.2 220 1.6 215 2.1

50 302 0.9 279 0.9 260 0.9 244 1.0 231 1.3 223 1.6 217 2.0

60 302 1.2 279 1.1 260 1.1 245 1.2 233 1.4 224 VF 1.6 219 2.0



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 250 VF 1.3 231 VF 1.5 216 VF 1.7 204 VF 2.0 195 VF 2.5 190 VF 3.0 189 F 3.6

30 251 VF 1.5 232 VF 1.6 217 VF 1.8 205 VF 2.0 197 VF 2.4 192 VF 2.9 191 F 3.5

40 250 VF 1.7 232 VF 1.7 217 VF 1.9 205 VF 2.1 198 VF 2.5 193 VF 2.9 192 VF 3.5

50 249 F 2.0 231 VF 2.0 216 VF 2.1 205 VF 2.3 198 VF 2.6 194 VF 3.0 193 VF 3.5

60 247 F 2.3 229 VF 2.2 215 VF 2.3 204 VF 2.5 197 VF 2.7 193 VF 3.1 193 VF 3.5

74




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 408 M 0.4 373 M 0.4 342 F 0.4 315 0.5 291 F 0.8 270 1.1 253 1.5

30 414 M 0.4 380 M 0.3 349 F 0.3 322 0.3 299 F 0.5 278 0.8 262 1.2

40 420 M 0.4 386 M 0.2 356 F 0.2 329 0.2 306 F 0.4 286 0.6 270 0.9

50 425 M 0.4 391 M 0.2 361 M 0.1 335 0.1 312 F 0.2 292 0.4 277 0.7

60 429 M 0.6 396 M 0.3 366 M 0.2 340 ' 0.1 317 F 0.2 298 0.3 283 0.6


D4 Orifice, 30'' Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 359 M 0.2 329 F 0.2 303 0.4 281 0.6 262 0.9 246 1.3 234 1.8

30 364 M 0.2 334 F 0.2 309 0.3 286 0.4 268 0.7 252 1.1 241 1.5

40 368 M 0.3 339 F 0.2 313 0.2 291 0.4 273 0.6 258 0.9 247 1.3

50 371 M 0.4 342 F 0.3 317 0.3 295 0.4 277 0.5 263 0.8 252 1.2

60 373 M 0.6 345 M 0.4 320 0.4 299 0.4 281 0.5 267 0.8 256 1.1

75




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 313 0.6 288 0.6 267 0.8 249 1.1 235 1.5 224 2.0 217 2.5

30 316 0.6 291 0.7 270 0.8 253 1.0 239 1.4 229 1.8 222 2.3

40 318 0.8 294 0.7 273 0.8 256 1.0 243 1.3 233 1.7 226 2.2

50 319 0.9 295 0.9 275 0.9 258 1.1 245 1.3 236 1.7 229 2.1

60 320 1.2 296 1.1 276 1.1 260 1.2 247 1.4 238 1.7 232 2.1

DISC ORIFICE 46 CORE CERAMIC NOZZLE D4 Orifice, 90° Angle FIXED-WING

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 270 1.4 250 1.6 233 VF 1.8 221 VF 2.2 211 VF 2.6 206 VF 3.2 203 F 3.8

30 271 1.5 251 1.6 235 VF 1.8 223 VF 2.1 214 VF 2.6 208 VF 3.1 206 F 3.7

40 271 1.7 252 1.8 236 VF 1.9 224 VF 2.2 215 VF 2.6 210 VF 3.0 208 F 3.6

50 270 2.0 251 2.0 236 VF 2.1 224 VF 2.3 216 VF 2.6 211 VF 3.1 210 VF 3.6

60 269 2.3 250 2.3 235 F 2.3 224 VF 2.5 216 VF 2.8 212 VF 3.2 211 VF 3.6

76



D6 Orifice, O"" Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 409 M 0.4 374 M 0.4 342 F 0.4 314 0.6 289 0.8 268 F 1.2 250 1.6

30 416 M 0.4 381 M 0.3 350 F 0.3 322 0.4 297 0.6 276 F 0.9 259 1.3

40 423 M 0.4 388 M 0.2 357 M 0.2 329 0.2 305 0.4 285 F 0.6 268 1.0

50 428 M 0.4 394 M 0.2 363 M 0.1 336 0.1 312 0.3 292 F 0.5 275 0.8

60 433 M 0.5 399 M 0.3 369 M 0.1 342 0.1 318 0.2 299 F 0.4 282 0.6


PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 365 M 0.3 334 F 0.3 307 0.4 284 0.6 264 F 0.9 248 1.4 235 1.9

30 370 M 0.3 340 F 0.2 313 0.3 290 0.5 271 F 0.7 255 1.1 242 1.6

40 375 M 0.3 345 M 0.2 319 0.3 296 0.4 277 F 0.6 261 1.0 249 1.4

50 379 M 0.4 349 M 0.3 323 0.3 301 0.4 282 F 0.6 267 0.8 255 1.2

60 382 M 0.6 353 M 0.4 327 0.4 305 0.4 286 F 0.5 271 0.8 260 1.1

77

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 323 F 0.6 298 0.7 276 0.9 257 1.2 242 1.6 231 2.1 223 2.7

30 327 F 0.7 302 0.7 280 0.8 262 1.1 247 1.4 236 1.9 228 2.4

40 330 F 0.8 305 0.8 283 0.9 265 1.1 251 1.4 240 1.8 233 2.3

50 332 M 0.9 307 0.9 286 0.9 268 1.1 254 1.4 244 1.7 237 2.2

60 333 M 1.2 309 1.1 288 1.1 271 1.2 257 1.4 247 1.7 240 2.2



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo,5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 284 1.5 264 1.6 247 1.9 233 VF 2.2 223 VF 2.7 216 3.3 213 3.9

30 286 1.6 266 1.7 249 1.9 236 F 2.2 226 F 2.6 220 3.2 217 3.8

40 287 1.7 267 1.8 250 2.0 238 F 2.3 228 F 2.6 ??? 3.1 220 3.7

50 287 2.0 268 2.0 251 2.1 239 F 2.4 230 F 2.7 224 3.1 222 3.7

60 287 2.3 267 2.3 252 2.3 239 F 2.5 230 F 2.8 225 3.2 224 3.7

78




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 406 M 0.4 370 M 0.4 337 F 0.4 308 F 0.6 282 F 0.9 260 1.2 242 1.7

30 414 M 0.3 378 M 0.2 346 M 0.3 317 F 0.4 292 F 0.6 270 0.9 252 1.3

40 421 M 0.3 385 M 0.2 353 M 0.1 325 F 0.2 300 F 0.4 279 0.7 261 1.0

50 427 M 0.3 392 M 0.2 361 M 0.1 332 F 0.1 308 F 0.2 287 0.5 269 0.8

60 433 M 0.4 398 M 0.2 367 M 0.1 339 M 0.1 315 F 0.2 294 0.3 277 0.6


D8 Orifice, 30*" Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 366 M 0.3 335 F 0.3 307 F 0.4 283 0.7 262 1.0 245 1.4 231 2.0

30 372 M 0.2 341 M 0.2 314 F 0.3 290 0.5 270 0.8 253 1.2 239 1.7

40 377 M 0.3 347 M 0.2 320 F 0.3 296 0.4 276 0.6 260 1.0 247 1.4

50 382 M 0.4 352 M 0.3 325 M 0.3 302 0.4 282 0.6 266 0.9 253 1.3

60 386 M 0.5 356 M 0.4 330 M 0.3 307 0.4 287 0.5 272 0.8 259 1.2

79

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 329 F 0.6 303 F 0.7 280 0.9 260 1.2 245 1.6 232 2.1 224 F 2.8 30 333 M 0.7 307 F 0.7 285 0.9 266 1.1 250 1.5 238 2.0 230 F 2.5 40 337 M 0.7 311 F 0.8 289 0.9 270 1.1 255 1.4 243 1.8 235 F 2.4 50 340 M 0.9 314 F 0.9 292 0.9 274 1.1 259 1.4 248 1.8 240 F 2.2 60 342 M 1.1 317 M 1.0 295 1.1 277 1.2 263 1.4 252 1.8 244 F 2.2



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 295 1.5 273 1.7 255 1.9 241 2.3 230 F 2.8 222 3.4 219 4.1 30 297 1.6 276 1.7 258 1.9 244 2.3 234 F 2.7 227 3.3 223 3.9 40 299 1.7 278 1.8 261 2.0 247 2.3 237 F 2.7 230 3.2 227 3.8 50 300 2.0 279 2.0 262 2.1 249 2.4 239 F 2.7 233 3.2 230 3.7 60 300 2.2 280 2.2 263 2.3 250 2.5 240 F 2.8 234 3.2 232 3.8

80



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 398 M 0.4 361 M 0.4 327 F 0.4 298 F 0.6 271 0.9 248 1.3 229 1.7

30 407 M 0.3 370 M 0.2 337 M 0.2 307 F 0.4 281 0.6 259 0.9 240 1.4

40 414 M 0.2 378 M 0.1 345 M 0.1 316 F 0.2 291 0.4 268 0.7 250 1.1

50 422 M 0.2 386 M 0.1 353 M 0.1 324 M 0.1 299 0.2 277 0.5 259 0.8

60 428 M 0.3 393 M 0.1 360 M 0.1 332 M 0.1 307 0.1 285 0.3 267 0.6


PSI

Airspeed, mpii 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 363 M 0.2 331 M 0.3 302 F 0.4 277 F 0.7 256 1.0 238 1.5 223 2.0

30 369 M 0.2 338 M 0.2 309 F 0.3 285 F 0.5 264 0.8 246 1.2 232 1.7

40 376 M 0.2 344 M 0.2 316 M 0.2 292 F 0.4 271 0.6 254 1.0 240 1.5

50 381 M 0.3 350 M 0.2 322 M 0.2 298 F 0.3 278 0.5 261 0.9 248 1.3

60 386 M 0.4 355 M 0.3 328 M 0.3 304 M 0.3 284 0.5 267 0.8 254 1.1

81

D10 Orifice, 60''Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 330 M 0.6 303 F 0.7 279 F 1.0 259 1.3 243 1.7 230 2.2 220 2.8

30 335 M 0.6 308 F 0.7 285 F 0.9 265 1.2 249 1.5 236 2.0 227 2.6

40 339 M 0.7 313 M 0.7 290 F 0.9 270 1.1 254 1.4 242 1.9 233 2.4

50 343 M 0.8 317 M 0.8 294 F 0.9 275 1.1 259 1.4 247 1.8 239 2.3

60 346 M 1.0 320 M 1.0 298 M 1.0 279 1.2 264 1.4 252 1.8 244 2.2



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo,5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 300 F 1.5 278 F 1.7 259 2.0 244 2.4 232 2.9 224 3.5 219 F 4.2

30 303 F 1.6 281 F 1.7 263 2.0 248 2.3 237 2.8 229 3.3 225 F 4.0

40 306 F 1.7 284 F 1.8 266 2.0 252 2.3 241 2.7 233 3.2 229 F 3.9

50 308 M 1.9 286 F 2.0 268 2.1 254 2.4 244 2.8 236 3.2 233 F 3.8

60 308 M 2.2 288 M 2.2 270 2.3 256 2.5 246 2.8 239 3.3 236 F 3.8

82

Table 1-8—Atomization Parameters for Disc Orifice 46 Core Nozzle

DISC ORIFICE 46 CORE NOZZLE D2 Orifice, 0° Angle FIXED-WING

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 465 M 1.1 421 M 1.9 377 M 3.9 334 M 7.0 291 F 11.2 248 16.5 206 VF 23.0

30 479 M 0.2 437 M 0.4 395 M 1.7 354 M 4.2 313 F 7.7 273 12.4 233 18.2

40 488 M 0.1 449 M 0.1 409 M 0.3 370 M 2.1 331 F 5.0 293 9.1 255 14.3

50 493 M 0.8 455 M 0.1 418 M 0.1 381 M 0.9 345 M 3.2 309 6.6 273 11.1

60 493 M 2.3 457 M 0.6 422 M 0.1 387 M 0.4 353 M 2.1 319 4.8 286 8.7


PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 384 M 5.1 345 M 7.1 307 10.1 269 14.3 231 VF 19.6 194 VF 26.0 157 VF 33.5

30 396 M 4.4 359 M 5.7 323 8.1 287 11.6 252 16.3 216 VF 22.1 182 VF 28.9

40 402 M 4.5 368 M 5.2 334 6.9 300 9.8 267 13.8 234 VF 18.9 201 VF 25.2

50 404 M 5.4 372 M 5.4 340 6.5 308 8.7 277 12.1 247 VF 16.6 216 VF 22.2

60 401 M 7.1 371 M 6.4 341 6.9 312 8.5 283 11.2 254 VF 15.0 226 VF 19.9

83

DISC ORIFICE 46 CORE NOZZLE FIXED-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 312 10.2 279 13.2 245 VF 17.3 213 VF 22.6 180 VF 29.0 149 VF 36.5 117 VF 45.1

30 321 9.7 290 12.0 259 VF 15.5 228 VF 20.1 198 VF 25.9 168 VF 32.7 139 VF 40.7

40 325 10.0 296 11.7 267 VF 14.5 239 VF 18.5 211 VF 23.5 183 VF 29.7 156 VF 37.1

50 324 11.0 297 12.1 270 VF 14.3 244 VF 17.6 218 VF 22.0 193 VF 27.6 168 VF 34.2

60 318 12.9 294 13.3 269 VF 14.8 245 VF 17.5 221 VF 21.3 198 VF 26.2 175 VF 32.2



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvos DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 248 VF 16.3 220 VF 20.4 192 VF 25.6 165 VF 31.9 138 VF 39.4 111 VF 47.9 85 VF 57.7

30 254 VF 16.0 228 VF 19.4 203 VF 23.9 178 VF 29.6 153 VF 36.4 128 VF 44.4 104 VF 53.4

40 256 VF 16.4 232 VF 19.2 208 VF 23.1 185 VF 28.1 163 VF 34.3 141 VF 41.6 119 VF 50.0

50 252 VF 17.6 231 VF 19.8 209 VF 23.0 188 VF 27.4 168 VF 32.9 148 VF 39.6 128 VF 47.4

60 244 VF 19.7 224 VF 21.2 205 VF 23.8 187 VF 27.5 168 VF 32.4 150 VF 38.4 133 VF 45.5

84

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 454 M 0.5 410 M 1.1 367 M 2.7 325 F 5.4 283 9.3 241 14.3 199 VF 20.4

30 467 M 0.1 426 M 0.1 385 M 0.8 345 M 2.9 305 6.2 265 10.5 226 16.0 40 476 M 0.2 437 M 0.1 398 M 0.1 360 M 1.2 322 3.8 284 7.5 247 12.4

50 480 M 1.2 443 M 0.1 406 M 0.1 370 M 0.3 334 2.2 299 5.3 264 9.5 60 478 M 3.0 444 M 0.9 409 M 0.1 375 M 0.2 342 1.4 309 3.9 276 7.4



PSI

Airspeed, mpli 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 382 M 3.5 344 F 5.1 306 7.8 269 11.6 232 VF 16.6 195 VF 22.7 159 VF 29.9 30 392 M 3.1 357 M 4.0 321 6.1 286 9.3 251 13.6 217 VF 19.0 183 VF 25.6 40 398 M 3.5 365 M 3.8 331 5.2 298 7.8 266 11.4 234 F 16.2 202 VF 22.1

50 399 M 4.7 368 M 4.3 337 5.1 306 7.0 275 10.0 246 F 14.2 216 VF 19.4 60 396 M 6.7 366 M 5.7 337 5.8 309 7.0 280 9.4 253 F 12.9 225 VF 17.5

85

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvos DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 318 F 7.4 285 10.1 253 VF 13.9 221 VF 18.8 189 VF 24.9 158 VF 32.0 127 VF 40.3

30 326 F 7.2 295 9.3 265 F 12.4 235 VF 16.7 206 VF 22.1 177 VF 28.6 148 VF 36.2

40 329 F 7.8 301 9.2 273 F 11.7 245 VF 15.3 218 VF 20.1 191 VF 25.9 165 VF 32.9

50 328 F 9.2 301 9.9 276 F 11.8 250 VF 14.7 225 VF 18.8 200 VF 24.1 176 VF 30.4

60 321 F 11.3 297 11.4 273 VF 12.6 250 VF 15.0 227 VF 18.4 205 VF 23.0 183 VF 28.7



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 262 VF 12.4 235 VF 16.2 208 VF 21.0 181 VF 27.0 155 VF 34.2 129 VF 42.4 104 VF 51.8

30 268 VF 12.4 243 VF 15.5 218 VF 19.7 193 VF 25.1 169 VF 31.5 146 VF 39.1 122 VF 47.9

40 268 VF 13.1 245 VF 15.6 223 VF 19.2 200 VF 23.9 179 VF 29.7 157 VF 36.7 136 VF 44.7

50 264 VF 14.7 243 VF 16.5 223 VF 19.4 203 VF 23.5 183 VF 28.7 164 VF 35.0 145 VF 42.4

60 255 VF 17.0 236 VF 18.2 218 VF 20.5 200 VF 23.9 182 VF 28.4 165 VF 34.1 149 VF 40.9

86




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 444 M 0.7 401 M 0.8 359 M 2.1 317 F 4.6 275 8.1 234 12.8 194 18.6

30 456 M 0.4 416 M 0.1 376 M 0.6 336 F 2.4 297 5.3 258 9.3 219 14.4

40 464 M 0.9 426 M 0.1 388 M 0.1 351 M 1.0 313 3.2 277 6.6 240 11.1

50 467 M 2.3 431 M 0.5 395 M 0.1 360 M 0.3 325 2.0 290 4.7 256 8.5

60 465 M 4.4 431 M 2.0 398 M 0.7 365 M 0.5 332 1.5 299 3.6 267 6.8


PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 380 M 2.5 343 F 3.7 306 6.1 269 9.6 233 14.3 197 VF 20.0 162 VF 26.9

30 390 M 2.4 355 M 3.0 320 4.8 286 7.6 252 11.6 218 VF 16.7 185 VF 22.9

40 395 M 3.1 362 M 3.1 330 4.2 297 6.4 266 9.7 234 F 14.2 203 VF 19.8

50 396 M 4.6 365 M 3.9 334 4.4 304 5.9 275 8.6 245 F 12.5 217 VF 17.4

60 391 M 6.9 362 M 5.6 334 5.4 306 6.3 279 8.3 252 F 11.5 225 VF 15.8

87




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 325 5.3 293 7.7 261 F 11.1 230 VF 15.7 199 VF 21.4 169 VF 28.3 139 VF 36.2

30 332 5.4 302 7.1 273 F 9.9 244 VF 13.9 215 VF 18.9 187 VF 25.1 159 VF 32.4

40 334 6.3 307 7.4 280 F 9.5 253 VF 12.8 226 VF 17.2 200 VF 22.8 174 VF 29.4

50 332 8.0 307 8.4 282 F 9.9 257 VF 12.6 233 VF 16.3 209 VF 21.2 185 VF 27.2

60 325 10.5 302 10.2 279 F 11.1 256 VF 13.1 234 VF 16.2 212 VF 20.5 191 VF 25.8



PSI

Airspeed, mpli 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 278 F 9.2 251 VF 12.6 225 VF 17.1 199 VF 22.8 173 VF 29.6 148 VF 37.5 124 VF 46.6

30 282 F 9.5 258 VF 12.2 234 VF 16.1 210 VF 21.2 187 VF 27.3 164 VF 34.6 141 VF 43.0

40 282 F 10.5 260 VF 12.7 238 VF 15.9 216 VF 20.3 195 VF 25.8 174 VF 32.4 154 VF 40.1

50 277 VF 12.4 257 VF 13.9 237 VF 16.5 218 VF 20.2 199 VF 25.0 180 VF 31.0 162 VF 38.1

60 267 VF 15.0 249 VF 15.9 232 VF 17.8 214 VF 20.9 198 VF 25.1 181 VF 30.4 165 VF 36.9

88




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 435 M 1.4 393 M 1.3 351 F 2.3 310 F 4.3 269 F 7.6 229 11.9 189 VF 17.4

30 447 M 1.5 407 M 0.7 368 M 1.0 329 F 2.5 290 F 5.0 252 8.7 214 13.5

40 454 M 2.3 416 M 0.9 379 M 0.6 342 F 1.4 306 F 3.3 270 6.3 234 10.5

50 456 M 4.0 421 M 1.9 386 M 0.9 351 M 1.1 317 F 2.3 283 4.7 249 8.3

60 453 M 6.4 420 M 3.7 387 M 2.0 355 M 1.5 323 F 2.2 291 3.9 260 6.8



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 332 M 2.2 343 F 3.1 307 5.1 271 8.3 235 12.6 200 VF 18.0 166 VF 24.6

30 389 M 2.4 354 M 2.7 320 4.1 287 6.6 253 10.2 221 15.0 188 VF 20.9

40 393 M 3.4 361 M 3.0 329 3.8 297 5.7 266 8.7 236 12.8 206 VF 18.1

50 393 M 5.2 363 M 4.2 333 4.3 304 5.5 275 7.9 246 11.4 218 VF 16.0

60 387 M 7.8 359 M 6.2 332 5.6 305 6.2 278 7.9 252 10.8 226 VF 14.7

89




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 332 F 3.9 301 5.9 270 9.0 240 VF 13.3 210 VF 18.6 180 VF 25.1 151 VF 32.8

30 339 F 4.3 310 5.7 281 8.1 253 F 11.7 225 VF 16.5 198 VF 22.3 170 VF 29.3

40 341 M 5.5 314 6.2 287 8.0 261 F 11.0 235 VF 15.1 210 VF 20.3 185 VF 26.6

50 338 M 7.5 313 7.5 289 8.7 265 F 11.0 241 VF 14.5 218 VF 19.0 195 VF 24.7

60 330 F 10.3 307 9.7 285 10.2 263 VF 11.9 242 VF 14.7 221 VF 18.6 200 VF 23.6



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 294 6.6 268 VF 9.7 242 VF 13.9 217 VF 19.2 192 VF 25.7 168 VF 33.3 144 VF 42.0

30 298 7.2 274 VF 9.6 251 VF 13.2 228 VF 17.9 205 VF 23.7 183 VF 30.6 161 VF 38.7

40 297 8.6 275 VF 10.4 254 VF 13.3 233 VF 17.3 213 VF 22.5 193 VF 28.8 173 VF 36.2

50 291 10.8 272 VF 11.9 253 VF 14.2 234 VF 17.6 216 VF 22.1 198 VF 27.7 181 VF 34.5

60 280 VF 13.7 263 VF 14.2 246 VF 15.8 230 VF 18.6 214 VF 22.5 198 VF 27.5 183 VF 33.6

90




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 427 M 2.9 385 M 2.4 345 F 3.0 304 F 4.8 264 7.7 225 11.7 186 VF 16.8

30 438 M 3.3 399 M 2.1 360 M 2.1 322 F 3.2 284 5.5 247 8.8 210 13.3

40 444 M 4.4 407 M 2.6 371 M 2.0 335 F 2.4 299 4.0 264 6.7 229 10.6

50 446 M 6.4 411 M 3.9 377 M 2.6 343 M 2.4 309 3.4 276 5.5 244 8.6

60 442 M 9.1 410 M 6.0 378 M 4.1 346 M 3.2 315 3.5 284 5.0 253 7.5



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 380 M 2.5 344 F 3.1 308 F 4.8 273 7.6 239 11.6 204 VF 16.7 171 VF 22.9

30 388 M 3.0 354 M 3.0 321 F 4.0 288 6.2 256 9.5 224 14.0 192 VF 19.6

40 392 M 4.4 360 M 3.7 329 F 4.1 298 5.6 268 8.3 238 12.1 209 VF 17.0

50 391 M 6.5 361 M 5.1 332 M 4.9 304 5.8 276 7.8 248 11.0 221 VF 15.3

60 385 M 9.4 357 M 7.4 331 M 6.5 304 6.8 278 8.2 253 10.7 228 VF 14.3

91




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 341 F 3.1 311 4.8 280 7.6 251 11.5 221 VF 16.5 193 VF 22.7 164 VF 30.0

30 347 M 3.8 319 4.8 291 7.0 263 10.3 236 VF 14.7 209 VF 20.2 183 VF 26.8

40 348 M 5.3 322 5.7 296 7.2 271 9.8 246 VF 13.6 221 VF 18.5 197 VF 24.5

50 344 M 7.6 320 7.4 296 8.2 273 10.2 250 VF 13.3 228 VF 17.5 206 VF 22.9

60 335 F 10.7 314 9.8 292 10.0 271 VF 11.3 250 VF 13.8 230 VF 17.4 210 VF 22.1



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 311 4.7 286 F 7.5 261 VF 11.3 237 VF 16.3 213 VF 22.5 189 VF 29.7 166 VF 38.1

30 314 5.6 291 F 7.7 268 VF 11.0 246 VF 15.3 224 VF 20.8 203 VF 27.4 182 VF 35.1

40 312 7.3 292 F 8.8 271 VF 11.3 251 VF 15.1 231 VF 19.9 212 VF 25.8 193 VF 32.9

50 306 9.8 287 VF 10.6 269 VF 12.5 251 VF 15.6 234 VF 19.8 217 VF 25.1 200 VF 31.5

60 295 VF 13.1 278 VF 13.2 262 VF 14.5 246 VF 16.9 231 VF 20.5 216 VF 25.1 202 VF 30.9

92

Table 1-9—^Atomization Parameters for Disc Orifice 56 Core Nozzle



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 611 vc 0.1 559 vc 0.1 509 C 1.1 461 M 3.5 415 M 6.5 370 M 10.4 328 F 15.0

30 630 vc 0.1 580 vc 0.1 532 VC 0.1 485 C 1.9 440 M 4.5 398 M 7.8 357 F 11.9

40 643 vc 0.1 595 vc 0.1 548 vc 0.1 503 C 0.8 460 M 2.9 419 M 5.8 380 M 9.4 50 650 vc 0.2 603 vc 0.1 558 vc 0.1 515 C 0.4 474 C 2.0 434 M 4.3 397 M 7.4 60 651 vc 1.8 606 vc 0.6 562 vc 0.1 521 C 0.4 481 C 1.5 444 M 3.4 408 M 6.0



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 467 M 2.3 423 M 4.0 381 M 6.5 340 F 9.7 302 13.7 265 VF 18.5 231 VF 24.0

30 481 M 2.5 438 M 3.7 398 M 5.7 359 M 8.4 323 11.9 288 16.2 255 VF 21.2

40 489 M 3.2 448 M 3.9 409 M 5.4 372 M 7.6 337 10.6 304 14.4 273 VF 18.9

50 490 C 4.5 451 M 4.7 414 M 5.6 379 M 7.4 346 9.9 314 13.1 284 F 17.2

60 486 M 6.3 449 M 6.0 413 M 6.5 380 M 7.7 348 9.7 318 12.5 290 F 16.0

93

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 346 F 7.0 310 9.6 276 13.0 244 VF 17.1 213 VF 22.0 184 VF 27.7 158 VF 34.2

30 355 M 7.4 321 9.5 288 12.4 257 VF 16.0 228 VF 20.5 202 VF 25.6 176 VF 31.6

40 358 F 8.4 325 10.0 294 12.4 265 VF 15.5 238 VF 19.4 213 VF 24.1 189 VF 29.6

50 354 F 9.9 323 11.0 294 12.9 267 VF 15.5 241 VF 19.0 218 VF 23.1 196 VF 28.1

60 345 F 12.0 316 12.6 288 VF 14.0 262 VF 16.1 238 VF 19.0 216 VF 22.7 196 VF 27.2


D2 Orífice, 90° Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 250 VF 12.8 222 VF 16.4 195 VF 20.6 171 VF 25.7 148 VF 31.5 127 VF 38.1 108 VF 45.5

30 253 VF 13.5 227 VF 16.5 202 VF 20.3 179 VF 24.9 158 VF 30.2 139 VF 36.3 122 VF 43.2

40 251 VF 14.7 226 VF 17.3 203 VF 20.5 182 VF 24.6 163 VF 29.4 145 VF 35.0 130 VF 41.4

50 242 VF 16.5 219 VF 18.5 198 VF 21.3 178 VF 24.9 161 VF 29.2 145 VF 34.3 131 VF 40.2

60 228 VF 18.8 206 VF 20.3 186 VF 22.6 169 VF 25.7 153 VF 29.5 139 VF 34.1 126 VF 39.5

94




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 557 vc 0.1 504 C 0.1 454 M 1.3 406 M 3.4 359 M 6.4 315 F 10.0 272 F 14.5

30 576 vc 0.1 526 c 0.1 477 C 0.2 431 M 1.9 386 M 4.3 343 M 7.4 302 F 11.4

40 590 vc 0.1 541 vc 0.1 494 C 0.1 449 M 0.8 406 M 2.7 365 M 5.4 325 F 8.9

50 598 vc 0.7 550 vc 0.1 505 C 0.1 462 M 0.3 420 M 1.7 381 M 3.9 343 M 6.9

60 599 vc 2.3 554 vc 0.9 510 C 0.3 468 M 0.4 429 M 1.3 391 M 3.0 355 M 5.4



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 436 M 1.9 392 M 3.4 349 M 5.7 309 F 8.7 270 12.5 234 VF 17.1 199 VF 22.5

30 451 M 2.0 408 M 3.0 367 M 4.8 329 M 7.4 292 10.7 257 F 14.8 223 VF 19.6

40 459 M 2.7 418 M 3.3 379 M 4.5 342 M 6.6 307 9.4 273 F 13.0 242 VF 17.3

50 462 M 4.0 422 M 4.0 385 M 4.8 349 M 6.3 316 8.7 284 F 11.7 254 VF 15.6

60 458 M 5.8 420 M 5.3 385 M 5.6 351 M 6.6 319 8.5 289 F 11.1 261 F 14.4

95




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 340 F 5.5 303 F 8.0 269 11.1 236 VF 15.1 205 VF 19.8 177 VF 25.3 150 VF 31.6

30 349 M 6.0 314 F 7.9 281 10.6 250 F 14.0 221 VF 18.3 194 VF 23.3 169 VF 29.0

40 352 M 6.9 319 F 8.3 288 10.5 259 F 13.5 231 VF 17.2 206 VF 21.7 182 VF 27.0

50 349 M 8.4 318 F 9.4 289 11.0 261 VF 13.5 235 VF 16.7 211 VF 20.7 190 VF 25.5

60 341 F 10.5 311 F 10.9 283 12.1 257 VF 14.1 233 VF 16.8 211 VF 20.3 191 VF 24.6



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 267 F 10.4 238 VF 13.7 212 VF 17.8 187 VF 22.7 164 VF 28.3 143 VF 34.7 124 VF 41.9

30 271 F 11.0 244 VF 13.9 219 VF 17.5 196 VF 21.8 175 VF 27.0 156 VF 32.9 138 VF 39.6

40 269 F 12.3 244 VF 14.6 221 VF 17.7 199 VF 21.6 180 VF 26.2 162 VF 31.6 147 VF 37.8

50 261 VF 14.0 238 VF 15.8 216 VF 18.5 196 VF 21.8 179 VF 26.0 163 VF 30.9 149 VF 36.6

60 247 VF 16.3 225 VF 17.7 206 VF 19.8 187 VF 22.6 171 VF 26.3 157 VF 30.7 145 VF 35.9

96

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 511 C 0.1 458 M 0.5 408 M 1.7 359 M 3.6 313 M 6.3 268 F 9.8 225 14.1

30 531 vc 0.1 480 C 0.1 432 M 0.6 385 M 2.0 340 M 4.2 297 F 7.2 255 11.0

40 545 vc 0.4 496 C 0.1 449 M 0.0 404 M 1.0 361 M 2.7 319 M 5.2 280 8.5

50 554 vc 1.4 506 C 0.3 461 M 0.0 417 M 0.5 376 M 1.7 336 M 3.7 298 6.5

60 556 vc 3.0 510 C 1.4 466 M 0.6 424 M 0.5 384 M 1.3 346 M 2.7 310 5.0



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo,5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 414 M 1.6 370 M 2.9 327 F 5.0 286 F 7.9 248 11.5 211 VF 15.9 176 VF 21.1

30 429 M 1.7 387 M 2.6 346 M 4.2 307 F 6.5 269 9.7 234 13.6 201 VF 18.2

40 438 M 2.4 397 M 2.8 358 M 3.9 321 F 5.7 285 8.4 252 11.8 220 VF 15.9

50 442 M 3.7 402 M 3.5 364 M 4.1 329 M 5.5 295 7.6 263 10.5 233 F 14.2

60 438 M 5.5 401 M 4.8 365 M 4.9 331 F 5.8 299 7.4 268 9.8 240 F 13.0

97

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 341 F 4.2 305 6.5 270 9.5 237 F 13.3 206 VF 17.8 177 VF 23.1 150 VF 29.2 30 351 M 4.7 316 6.4 283 8.9 252 F 12.2 223 VF 16.2 196 VF 21.0 170 VF 26.6 40 355 M 5.6 322 6.8 291 8.9 261 F 11.6 234 VF 15.2 208 VF 19.5 184 VF 24.6 50 353 M 7.1 322 7.8 292 9.4 264 F 11.6 238 VF 14.7 214 VF 18.5 192 VF 23.1 60 345 M 9.2 315 9.4 287 10.4 261 F 12.2 237 VF 14.7 214 VF 18.1 194 VF 22.1


D6 Orifice, gO"» Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 292 8.1 264 F 11.2 237 VF 15.1 212 VF 19.8 189 VF 25.3 168 VF 31.5 149 VF 38.5 30 297 8.7 270 F 11.4 245 VF 14.8 222 VF 19.0 201 VF 23.9 181 VF 29.7 163 VF 36.2 40 296 9.9 271 F 12.1 247 VF 15.0 226 VF 18.7 206 VF 23.2 188 VF 28.4 172 VF 34.4 50 289 11.7 265 VF 13.3 243 VF 15.8 223 VF 18.9 205 VF 22.9 189 VF 27.6 175 VF 33.1 60 275 VF 14.0 253 VF 15.1 233 VF 17.1 215 VF 19.8 199 VF 23.2 184 VF 27.4 172 VF 32.4

98

Table 1 -9—continued



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 474 M 1.0 421 M 1.2 371 M 2.2 322 M 4.0 275 F 6.5 230 9.8 187 13.9

30 495 C 0.9 444 M 0.6 395 M 1.1 348 M 2.4 302 F 4.4 259 7.2 218 10.8

40 510 C 1.3 460 M 0.5 413 M 0.5 368 M 1.3 324 M 2.8 282 5.2 243 8.2

50 519 C 2.3 471 M 1.0 425 M 0.5 381 M 0.8 340 M 1.8 300 3.7 261 6.2

60 521 C 3.8 475 M 2.1 431 M 1.1 389 M 0.8 349 M 1.4 311 2.7 274 4.8


D8 Orifice, SO«" Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 401 M 1.5 356 M 2.6 313 F 4.5 273 7.2 234 10.7 196 VF 14.9 161 VF 19.9

30 417 M 1.6 374 M 2.3 333 M 3.7 293 5.8 256 8.8 221 F 12.5 187 VF 17.0

40 426 M 2.3 385 M 2.5 346 M 3.4 308 5.0 272 7.5 239 F 10.7 207 VF 14.7

50 430 M 3.6 390 M 3.2 353 M 3.6 317 4.8 283 6.7 251 F 9.5 220 F 13.0

60 428 M 5.3 390 M 4.5 354 M 4.4 319 5.1 287 6.5 257 F 8.8 228 F 11.8

99



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 352 M 3.1 315 F 5.2 280 F 8.0 247 11.6 216 VF 16.0 187 VF 21.1 160 VF 27.0

30 363 M 3.5 328 F 5.1 294 F 7.4 263 10.5 233 VF 14.4 206 VF 19.0 180 VF 24.4

40 367 M 4.5 334 M 5.5 302 F 7.3 273 9.9 245 VF 13.3 219 VF 17.4 195 VF 22.3

50 366 M 6.0 334 M 6.5 304 F 7.8 276 9.9 250 VF 12.8 226 VF 16.4 203 VF 20.8

60 358 M 8.0 328 F 8.1 300 F 8.9 273 10.5 249 VF 12.8 226 VF 16.0 206 VF 19.9

DISC ORIFICE 56 CORE NOZZLE D8 Orifice, 90° Angle FIXED-WIN( G

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 327 5.9 298 F 8.9 271 F 12.6 246 VF 17.1 223 VF 22.4 201 VF 28.5 182 VF 35.3

30 332 6.6 305 F 9.1 280 F 12.3 256 VF 16.3 235 VF 21.1 215 VF 26.6 197 VF 32.9

40 332 7.8 306 F 9.8 283 F 12.5 261 VF 16.0 241 VF 20.3 223 VF 25.3 207 VF 31.1

50 325 9.5 301 F 11.0 279 VF 13.2 259 VF 16.2 241 VF 20.0 225 VF 24.6 210 VF 29.9

60 312 11.8 290 VF 12.8 270 VF 14.5 251 VF 17.0 235 VF 20.3 220 VF 24.4 207 VF 29.2

100




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 445 M 2.0 393 M 2.1 342 M 2.9 293 F 4.5 246 6.8 200 10.0 157 VF 13.9

30 467 M 1.9 416 M 1.5 367 M 1.8 319 F 2.9 274 4.7 230 7.4 189 VF 10.8

40 483 C 2.4 433 M 1.4 386 M 1.2 340 M 1.8 296 3.2 254 5.3 214 F 8.2

50 492 C 3.3 444 M 1.9 398 M 1.2 354 M 1.3 312 2.1 272 3.8 234 F 6.2

60 495 C 4.9 449 M 2.9 405 M 1.7 363 M 1.3 322 1.7 284 2.8 247 F 4.7



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 371 M 1.5 352 M 2.5 309 F 4.2 267 6.7 228 F 10.0 191 VF 14.0 155 VF 18.8

30 413 M 1.7 370 M 2.1 328 F 3.4 289 5.4 251 F 8.1 216 11.7 182 VF 16.0

40 423 M 2.4 382 M 2.3 342 M 3.0 304 4.5 268 F 6.8 234 9.8 202 VF 13.7

50 428 M 3.6 388 M 3.0 350 M 3.3 314 4.3 279 F 6.0 247 8.6 217 F 11.9

60 426 M 5.4 388 M 4.3 351 M 4.1 317 4.6 284 F 5.8 254 7.9 225 F 10.7

101




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 371 M 2.2 334 F 4.0 299 6.7 266 10.1 235 VF 14.3 205 VF 19.2 178 VF 24.9

30 383 M 2.6 347 M 3.9 314 6.1 282 9.0 253 12.7 225 VF 17.1 199 VF 22.3

40 388 M 3.5 354 M 4.4 322 6.0 293 8.4 265 11.6 238 VF 15.6 214 VF 20.3

50 387 M 5.0 355 M 5.4 325 6.5 297 8.4 270 11.1 246 VF 14.6 223 VF 18.8

60 380 M 7.0 350 M 6.9 321 7.5 295 9.0 270 11.1 247 VF 14.1 226 VF 17.8



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 370 M 4.0 341 6.8 314 10.3 288 VF 14.6 265 VF 19.7 243 VF 25.6 224 VF 32.2

30 376 M 4.6 349 6.9 323 10.0 300 VF 13.8 278 VF 18.4 258 VF 23.7 240 VF 29.9

40 376 M 5.8 351 7.6 327 10.2 305 VF 13.5 285 VF 17.6 266 VF 22.4 250 VF 28.1

50 370 F 7.6 346 8.8 324 10.9 304 VF 13.7 285 VF 17.3 269 VF 21.7 254 VF 26.8

60 358 F 9.8 336 10.6 315 12.2 296 VF 14.5 280 VF 17.6 265 VF 21.5 252 VF 26.1

102

Table 1-10—Atomization Parameters for Disc Orifice Straight Stream Nozzle

DISC ORIFICE STRAIGHT STREAM NOZZLE FIXED-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 561 C 2.5 470 M 3.7 391 M 5.3 324 F 7.5 270 F 10.2 228 VF 13.3 199 VF 17.0

30 613 vc 1.9 519 C 2.7 437 M 4.1 367 M 6.0 310 F 8.4 266 VF 11.3 234 VF 14.7

40 661 vc 1.5 564 VC 2.1 479 M 3.2 407 M 4.8 347 M 6.9 299 F 9.6 264 VF 12.8

50 706 vc 1.4 605 VC 1.7 517 C 2.6 442 M 3.9 379 M 5.8 329 F 8.2 291 F 11.0

60 746 vc 1.6 643 VC 1.6 552 VC 2.2 474 M 3.3 408 M 4.9 354 M 7.0 313 F 9.6



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 543 C 2.1 454 M 3.2 378 M 4.9 315 F 7.0 264 F 9.6 225 VF 12.8 199 VF 16.5

30 590 VC 1.9 499 c 2.7 420 M 4.1 353 M 6.0 299 F 8.3 258 11.2 229 VF 14.6

40 634 VC 1.9 540 VC 2.5 458 M 3.6 388 M 5.2 331 M 7.3 286 9.9 254 VF 13.1

50 674 vc 2.3 576 VC 2.6 491 C 3.4 419 M 4.7 359 M 6.6 311 8.9 276 F 11.8

60 710 vc 2.9 609 VC 3.0 521 C 3.5 446 M 4.6 383 M 6.1 332 8.2 294 F 10.8

103




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 531 C 1.7 445 M 2.8 372 M 4.4 312 F 6.5 263 F 9.1 228 VF 12.3 204 VF 15.9

30 574 vc 1.9 485 M 2.7 409 M 4.1 345 M 5.9 294 F 8.3 256 F 11.1 229 VF 14.5

40 613 vc 2.4 521 C 3.0 442 M 4.0 376 M 5.6 321 F 7.7 280 F 10.3 251 VF 13.4

50 648 vc 3.2 553 C 3.5 471 C 4.2 402 M 5.5 345 M 7.4 300 F 9.7 268 VF 12.5

60 679 vc 4.2 582 C 4.3 497 C 4.8 424 M 5.8 364 M 7.3 316 F 9.4 281 VF 12.0



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 567 VC 2.2 479 C 3.2 403 M 4.8 339 M 6.8 288 F 9.4 250 VF 12.4 224 VF 16.0

30 617 vc 1.5 526 c 2.2 447 M 3.5 380 M 5.3 326 F 7.6 285 F 10.4 256 VF 13.7

40 663 vc 1.0 569 VC 1.5 487 C 2.5 418 M 4.0 361 M 6.0 316 F 8.6 284 F 11.6

50 706 vc 0.9 608 vc 1.1 523 C 1.8 451 M 3.0 391 M 4.8 344 M 7.1 309 F 9.9 60 744 vc 1.0 644 vc 0.9 556 VC 1.4 481 C 2.4 418 M 3.9 367 M 5.9 330 F 8.4

104


DISC ORIFICE STRAIGHT STREAM NOZZLE D6 Orifice, 10° Angle FIXED-WING

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 551 vc 1.8 466 M 2.8 393 M 4.3 332 M 6.4 284 F 8.9 249 VF 12.0 226 VF 15.5

30 597 vc 1.5 508 C 2.3 432 M 3.5 369 M 5.3 318 M 7.5 279 F 10.3 253 VF 13.6

40 638 vc 1.5 547 vc 2.0 468 C 3.0 402 M 4.4 348 M 6.4 306 F 9.0 277 F 12.0

50 676 vc 1.8 582 VC 2.0 500 C 2.7 430 M 3.9 373 M 5.6 329 M 7.9 297 F 10.6

60 710 vc 2.4 613 VC 2.3 528 C 2.7 455 C 3.7 395 M 5.1 348 M 7.1 313 F 9.6


PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 542 C 1.5 459 M 2.4 389 M 3.9 332 M 5.9 286 F 8.4 254 11.5 234 VF 15.0

30 583 VC 1.6 497 C 2.3 424 M 3.5 364 M 5.3 315 M 7.5 280 10.2 257 VF 13.5

40 620 vc 2.0 531 C 2.5 455 M 3.4 392 M 4.9 341 M 6.8 302 9.3 276 F 12.3

50 653 vc 2.7 561 VC 2.9 482 C 3.6 416 M 4.8 362 M 6.5 320 8.7 291 F 11.4

60 682 vc 3.7 588 VC 3.6 506 C 4.0 436 M 5.0 379 M 6.4 335 8.3 303 F 10.8

105

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 558 vc 2.2 472 C 3.1 399 M 4.6 339 M 6.5 291 F 9.0 256 VF 11.9 233 VF 15.4

30 606 vc 1.4 517 c 2.1 442 M 3.2 378 M 4.9 327 M 7.1 289 F 9.8 263 VF 13.0

40 650 vc 0.9 559 vc 1.3 480 C 2.2 413 M 3.6 360 M 5.5 318 F 7.9 289 F 10.9

50 690 vc 0.7 596 vc 0.8 514 C 1.4 445 M 2.6 388 M 4.2 344 M 6.4 312 F 9.0

60 727 vc 0.8 630 vc 0.6 545 VC 1.0 473 C 1.8 413 M 3.2 365 M 5.1 331 F 7.5



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 545 VC 1.9 462 M 2.8 392 M 4.2 335 M 6.1 290 F 8.6 257 F 11.5 237 VF 14.9

30 588 vc 1.6 503 C 2.2 430 M 3.3 369 M 5.0 321 M 7.1 286 F 9.8 263 VF 13.0

40 628 vc 1.5 539 VC 1.8 463 C 2.7 400 M 4.1 349 M 6.0 311 F 8.4 285 F 11.3

50 663 vc 1.7 572 VC 1.8 493 C 2.4 427 M 3.5 373 M 5.1 331 M 7.2 302 F 9.9

60 695 vc 2.2 601 VC 2.0 519 C 2.3 450 C 3.2 393 M 4.5 348 M 6.4 317 F 8.8

106

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 538 vc 1.6 458 M 2.5 391 M 3.8 336 M 5.7 294 F 8.1 265 F 11.0 248 VF 14.5

30 577 vc 1.7 494 C 2.3 424 M 3.4 366 M 5.0 321 M 7.1 289 F 9.8 269 VF 12.9

40 611 vc 2.0 526 C 2.4 453 C 3.2 393 M 4.5 344 M 6.4 309 F 8.8 286 F 11.7

50 643 vc 2.7 554 VC 2.7 478 C 3.3 415 M 4.4 364 M 6.0 325 F 8.1 299 F 10.7

60 670 vc 3.6 578 VC 3.4 499 C 3.7 433 C 4.5 379 M 5.8 338 M 7.7 309 F 10.0


DIO Orifice, 0° Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo,5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 533 VC 2.7 451 M 3.5 381 M 4.8 324 M 6.6 279 F 9.0 246 VF 11.8 226 VF 15.2

30 579 VC 1.8 494 C 2.3 421 M 3.4 361 M 4.9 313 M 7.0 278 F 9.6 255 VF 12.7

40 622 VC 1.2 533 VC 1.5 458 C 2.3 394 M 3.6 343 M 5.4 305 F 7.7 279 F 10.5

50 660 vc 0.9 569 VC 0.9 490 C 1.4 424 M 2.5 370 M 4.0 329 M 6.1 300 F 8.6

60 694 vc 0.9 600 VC 0.7 518 C 0.9 449 C 1.7 392 M 2.9 348 M 4.7 316 F 7.0

107




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 518 C 2.4 443 M 3.2 376 M 4.5 322 M 6.3 280 F 8.6 250 VF 11.4 233 VF 14.8

30 564 vc 2.0 482 C 2.5 412 M 3.5 355 M 5.0 310 M 7.1 277 F 9.6 257 VF 12.7

40 602 vc 1.8 516 C 2.1 444 M 2.8 383 M 4.1 335 M 5.9 300 F 8.2 277 F 11.0

50 635 vc 2.0 547 VC 1.9 471 C 2.4 408 M 3.4 357 M 4.9 319 M 7.0 293 F 9.5

60 665 vc 2.4 574 VC 2.1 495 C 2.3 429 M 3.1 375 M 4.3 334 M 6.1 305 F 8.3


DI O Orifice, 20° Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 518 C 2.1 442 M 2.9 378 M 4.1 326 M 5.9 287 F 8.2 261 11.0 246 VF 14.3

30 555 VC 2.1 476 C 2.6 409 M 3.6 354 M 5.1 312 M 7.1 283 9.7 265 VF 12.7

40 588 vc 2.4 506 C 2.6 436 M 3.4 378 M 4.6 333 M 6.4 301 8.6 281 F 11.4

50 617 vc 3.0 532 VC 2.9 459 C 3.4 398 M 4.4 350 M 5.9 315 7.9 292 F 10.4

60 642 vc 3.9 554 vc 3.6 478 c 3.7 415 M 4.4 364 M 5.7 325 7.4 299 F 9.6

108



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 494 C 3.5 414 M 4.2 348 M 5.4 293 F 7.1 251 F 9.3 222 VF 12.1 205 VF 15.3

30 538 vc 2.5 455 C 3.0 386 M 3.9 328 M 5.4 284 F 7.3 251 F 9.8 231 VF 12.8

40 578 vc 1.9 493 C 2.1 420 M 2.7 360 M 3.9 312 M 5.6 277 F 7.8 254 VF 10.5

50 614 vc 1.6 526 C 1.4 450 C 1.8 387 M 2.8 336 M 4.2 298 M 6.1 272 F 8.6

60 647 vc 1.5 556 VC 1.1 477 C 1.3 411 M 1.9 357 M 3.1 316 M 4.7 287 F 6.9

DISC ORIFICE STRAIGHT STREAM NOZZLE DI2 Orifice, 10° Angle FIXED-WING

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 486 C 3.2 409 M 3.9 345 M 5.1 294 F 6.8 255 F 9.0 229 VF 11.7 214 VF 15.0

30 525 C 2.8 446 M 3.2 379 M 4.1 325 M 5.5 283 F 7.4 253 F 9.9 236 VF 12.8

40 561 vc 2.5 478 C 2.7 409 M 3.3 351 M 4.5 306 M 6.2 274 F 8.3 254 VF 11.0

50 592 VC 2.6 507 C 2.5 434 M 2.9 374 M 3.8 326 M 5.2 291 F 7.1 268 F 9.5

60 620 VC 3.0 532 VC 2.6 456 C 2.7 393 M 3.3 342 M 4.5 304 M 6.1 278 F 8.3

109




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 484 C 3.0 410 M 3.7 349 M 4.8 301 F 6.5 265 F 8.7 241 VF 11.4 230 VF 14.6

30 518 c 3.0 442 M 3.3 378 M 4.2 327 M 5.6 288 F 7.5 261 10.0 247 VF 12.9

40 549 vc 3.2 470 C 3.3 403 M 3.9 349 M 5.0 307 M 6.7 277 8.8 260 VF 11.5

50 576 vc 3.7 494 C 3.5 424 M 3.9 367 M 4.8 322 M 6.1 290 8.0 270 F 10.4

60 600 vc 4.5 514 C 4.1 442 C 4.2 381 M 4.8 333 M 5.9 298 7.5 275 F 9.6

110

Table 1-11—^Atomization Parameters for Lund Straight Stream Nozzle

LUND STRAIGHT STREAM NOZZLE 6 Orifice, 0° Angle FIXED-WING

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 503 C 3.9 430 M 5.2 369 F 7.1 320 F 9.5 284 VF 12.6 261 VF 16.3 250 VF 20.5

30 544 c 3.2 466 C 4.3 400 M 5.9 346 F 8.1 306 F 10.9 278 VF 14.2 262 VF 18.2

40 587 c 2.8 504 C 3.5 433 C 4.8 375 M 6.7 329 F 9.2 296 VF 12.3 276 VF 16.0

50 632 c 2.4 544 C 2.9 468 C 3.9 405 M 5.6 355 F 7.8 317 F 10.6 292 VF 14.0

60 679 vc 2.2 586 C 2.4 506 C 3.2 438 C 4.5 383 M 6.4 340 F 9.0 310 F 12.1

LUND STRAIGHT STREAM NOZZLE 6 Orifice, 10° Angle FIXED-WING

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 508 C 2.5 432 C 3.7 368 M 5.5 318 F 7.8 279 F 10.7 254 VF 14.2 241 VF 18.3

30 546 C 2.4 465 C 3.3 397 M 4.7 342 M 6.8 299 F 9.4 268 12.6 251 VF 16.5

40 587 c 2.3 501 c 2.9 429 M 4.1 368 M 5.9 320 F 8.3 285 11.2 263 VF 14.7

50 630 vc 2.4 540 c 2.8 462 C 3.7 397 M 5.2 344 M 7.2 304 9.9 277 VF 13.1

60 675 vc 2.7 580 G 2.7 497 C 3.4 427 M 4.6 370 M 6.4 325 8.7 293 F 11.7

111


LUND STRAIGHT STREAM NOZZLE FIXED-WING

6 Orifice, 20"" Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 532 C 1.6 454 C 2.7 388 M 4.3 335 M 6.5 295 F 9.3 267 12.6 252 VF 16.6

30 568 vc 1.9 485 C 2.6 415 M 4.0 357 M 5.9 312 F 8.4 279 11.5 259 VF 15.1

40 607 vc 2.3 519 c 2.8 444 C 3.8 382 M 5.4 332 M 7.7 294 10.5 269 VF 13.9

50 648 vc 2.9 556 c 3.0 476 C 3.8 408 M 5.2 353 M 7.1 311 9.6 282 VF 12.7

60 691 vc 3.6 594 c 3.5 509 C 3.9 437 M 5.0 377 M 6.7 330 8.9 296 F 11.7



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 495 C 3.1 422 M 4.4 361 M 6.2 313 F 8.6 277 F 11.6 254 VF 15.2 244 VF 19.4

30 535 c 2.6 457 M 3.5 392 M 5.1 338 M 7.2 298 F 9.9 270 VF 13.2 255 VF 17.1

40 578 vc 2.2 495 C 2.8 424 M 4.1 366 M 6.0 321 F 8.4 288 F 11.4 268 VF 15.0

50 622 vc 1.9 534 c 2.3 459 C 3.3 396 M 4.8 346 M 7.0 309 F 9.7 284 VF 13.0

60 668 vc 1.8 576 VC 1.9 496 C 2.6 428 M 3.9 373 M 5.7 331 F 8.2 301 F 11.2

112

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 497 C 2.6 422 M 3.7 358 M 5.4 308 F 7.7 270 F 10.5 245 VF 14.0 232 VF 18.0 30 535 c 2.5 455 M 3.3 387 M 4.7 332 M 6.7 289 F 9.3 259 VF 12.5 241 VF 16.2 40 575 vc 2.5 490 C 3.1 417 M 4.2 357 M 5.9 310 F 8.2 275 F 11.1 253 VF 14.5 50 618 vc 2.7 528 C 3.0 450 M 3.8 385 M 5.2 333 M 7.2 293 F 9.8 266 VF 13.0 60 662 vc 3.0 567 C 3.0 485 C 3.6 415 M 4.7 358 M 6.4 314 F 8.8 282 F 11.6



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 519 C 2.5 441 M 3.4 376 M 5.0 323 M 7.1 283 9.9 255 VF 13.2 240 VF 17.0 30 555 G 2.8 472 C 3.5 402 M 4.8 345 M 6.6 300 9.1 267 12.1 248 VF 15.7 40 593 C 3.3 506 C 3.7 431 M 4.7 369 M 6.3 319 8.4 282 11.1 257 VF 14.5 50 634 VC 3.9 541 C 4.1 462 C 4.8 394 M 6.0 340 7.9 298 10.4 269 VF 13.4 60 676 VC 4.7 579 C 4.5 494 C 5.0 422 M 6.0 363 7.5 316 9.7 282 VF 12.5

113




PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 479 M 2.2 406 M 3.4 345 F 5.1 297 F 7.5 262 F 10.4 239 VF 14.0 229 VF 18.1

30 519 C 1.7 441 M 2.6 375 M 4.1 322 F 6.2 282 F 8.8 254 12.1 239 VF 15.9

40 560 VC 1.4 477 M 2.0 407 M 3.2 349 M 5.0 304 M 7.3 272 10.3 252 VF 13.8

50 604 vc 1.2 516 C 1.5 441 M 2.4 379 M 3.9 329 M 6.0 292 8.7 267 F 11.9

60 649 VC 1.1 557 VC 1.2 477 C 1.8 410 M 3.0 356 M 4.8 314 7.2 284 F 10.2



PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160


20 479 M 2.5 403 M 3.5 340 M 5.1 290 F 7.3 253 F 10.1 227 VF 13.5 215 VF 17.5

30 516 C 2.4 436 M 3.2 368 M 4.5 313 F 6.5 271 F 9.0 241 VF 12.1 224 VF 15.8

40 556 VC 2.5 471 M 3.0 398 M 4.1 338 M 5.7 291 F 8.0 256 F 10.8 234 VF 14.2

50 597 VC 2.8 507 C 3.0 430 M 3.8 366 M 5.1 314 M 7.1 274 F 9.6 247 VF 12.7

60 641 VC 3.2 547 VC 3.1 464 C 3.6 395 M 4.7 338 M 6.3 294 F 8.6 262 VF 11.4

114

PSI

Airspeed, mph 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 498 C 3.1 421 M 4.0 356 M 5.5 303 F 7.6 263 10.3 236 VF 13.5 221 VF 17.3

30 534 c 3.5 451 M 4.2 381 M 5.4 324 M 7.2 279 9.5 247 VF 12.5 228 VF 16.0

40 571 c 4.1 484 C 4.4 409 M 5.4 347 M 6.9 298 9.0 261 VF 11.6 237 VF 14.9

50 611 c 4.8 519 C 4.9 439 M 5.5 373 M 6.7 318 8.5 277 VF 10.9 247 VF 13.9

60 653 c 5.7 556 C 5.4 472 C 5.8 400 M 6.7 341 8.2 294 F 10.4 260 VF 13.0

115

Spreadsheet Model Computations for Estimating Aerial Spray Nozzle Atomization Parameters—Rotary-Wing Aircraft

Table 1-12—^Atomization Parameters for 40° Flat Fan Nozzle (Large Orifice)

40* FLAT FAN NOZZLE (Large Orifice) ROTARY-WING

4010 Orifice, O«" Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 818 vc 0.4 773 VC 0.2 722 VC 0.1 664 VC 0.1 600 VC 0.1 530 C 0.1 30 768 vc 0.1 734 vc 0.1 694 vc 0.1 647 vc 0.1 594 vc 0.1 534 vc 0.1 40 704 vc 0.1 681 vc 0.1 651 vc 0.1 615 vc 0.1 573 vc 0.1 524 c 0.1 50 625 vc 0.3 613 vc 0.1 594 vc 0.1 569 vc 0.1 537 vc 0.1 499 c 0.1 60 532 vc 0.6 531 c 0.5 523 c 0.3 508 c 0.2 488 c 0.2 460 c 0.1

40" FLAT FAN NOZZLE (Large Orifice) ROTARY-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 821 VC 0.2 777 VC 0.1 726 VC 0.1 668 vc 0.1 605 VC 0.1 534 vc 0.1 30 775 vc 0.1 742 vc 0.1 702 vc 0.1 655 vc 0.1 602 vc 0.1 542 vc 0.1 40 715 vc 0.1 692 VC 0.1 663 vc 0.1 627 vc 0.1 585 vc 0.1 536 vc 0.1 50 640 vc 0.1 628 vc 0.1 610 vc 0.1 585 vc 0.1 554 vc 0.1 516 c 0.1 60 552 vc 0.4 550 vc 0.3 543 vc 0.2 528 c 0.2 508 c 0.2 481 c 0.2

116

40*» FLAT FAN NOZZLE (Large Orifice) ROTARY-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80

Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 806 vc 0.1 762 VC 0.1 711 vc 0.1 654 VC 0.1 590 VC 0.1 520 C 0.2

30 764 vc 0.1 730 vc 0.1 691 vc 0.1 644 vc 0.1 591 vc 0.1 532 VC 0.1

40 708 vc 0.1 685 vc 0.1 656 vc 0.1 620 vc 0.1 578 vc 0.1 530 c 0.1

50 637 vc 0.1 625 vc 0.1 607 vc 0.1 582 vc 0.1 551 vc 0.1 513 c 0.1

60 552 vc 0.3 551 vc 0.3 544 vc 0.3 530 c 0.3 509 c 0.3 482 c 0.4


4010 Orifice, 45*" Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mpli 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 772 VC 0.1 728 VC 0.1 677 VC 0.2 620 VC 0.3 557 VC 0.4 487 M 0.5

30 734 VC 0.1 701 vc 0.1 661 vc 0.1 615 vc 0.1 562 vc 0.1 503 C 0.3

40 682 VC 0.1 659 vc 0.1 630 vc 0.1 595 VC 0.1 553 VC 0.1 505 C 0.2

50 615 vc 0.1 604 vc 0.1 586 vc 0.1 561 vc 0.1 530 c 0.2 492 C 0.4

60 534 vc 0.4 534 vc 0.4 526 c 0.4 512 c 0.5 492 c 0.6 465 M 0.7

117


40*" FLAT FAN NOZZLE (Large Orifice) ROTARY-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 847 vc 0.4 799 VC 0.3 744 vc 0.1 683 VC 0.1 615 vc 0.1 541 VC 0.1 30 802 vc 0.2 764 vc 0.1 720 vc 0.1 670 vc 0.1 613 vc 0.1 549 vc 0.1 40 742 vc 0.1 715 vc 0.1 682 vc 0.1 642 vc 0.1 596 vc 0.1 543 vc 0.1 50 668 vc 0.3 652 vc 0.1 629 vc 0.1 600 vc 0.1 565 vc 0.1 523 c 0.1 60 579 vc 0.7 574 vc 0.5 562 vc 0.4 544 vc 0.3 519 c 0.2 488 c 0.2

40** FLAT FAN NOZZLE (Large Orifice) ROTARY-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 846 VC 0.3 797 VC 0.1 743 VC 0.1 682 VC 0.1 614 VC 0.1 540 VC 0.1 30 804 vc 0.1 767 vc 0.1 723 vc 0.1 673 vc 0.1 616 vc 0.1 553 vc 0.1 40 748 VC 0.1 722 vc 0.1 689 vc 0.1 649 vc 0.1 603 vc 0.1 551 vc 0.1 50 678 vc 0.1 662 vc 0.1 640 vc 0.1 611 vc 0.1 576 vc 0.1 534 vc 0.1 60 593 vc 0.5 588 vc 0.4 577 vc 0.3 559 vc 0.3 535 vc 0.3 504 c 0.3

118

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 825 vc 0.2 777 VC 0.1 723 VC 0.1 662 VC 0.1 595 VC 0.2 521 C 0.3

30 788 vc 0.1 751 vc 0.1 707 vc 0.1 657 vc 0.1 600 vc 0.1 537 VC 0.1

40 736 vc 0.1 710 vc 0.1 677 vc 0.1 637 vc 0.1 592 vc 0.1 539 vc 0.1

50 670 vc 0.1 654 vc 0.1 632 vc 0.1 604 vc 0.1 568 vc 0.1 527 c 0.2

60 589 vc 0.4 584 vc 0.3 573 vc 0.3 555 vc 0.3 531 vc 0.4 500 c 0.5



PSI

Airspeed, mpli 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 786 VC 0.2 739 VC 0.2 684 VC 0.3 624 VC 0.4 556 VC 0.5 483 M 0.7

30 753 vc 0.1 716 vc 0.1 672 vc 0.1 622 vc 0.1 566 vc 0.2 503 C 0.4

40 705 vc 0.1 679 vc 0.1 646 vc 0.1 607 vc 0.1 561 vc 0.2 509 C 0.3

50 643 vc 0.1 627 vc 0.1 605 vc 0.1 577 vc 0.2 542 vc 0.3 501 C 0.5

60 566 vc 0.4 562 vc 0.4 550 vc 0.4 533 vc 0.5 509 c 0.7 478 M 0.8

119

40*' FLAT FAN NOZZLE (Large Orifice) ROTARY-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80

Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 892 xc 0.5 838 VC 0.4 778 VC 0.2 711 VC 0.2 637 VC 0.1 557 VC 0.1

30 853 xc 0.2 810 xc 0.1 760 vc 0.1 704 vc 0.1 641 vc 0.1 572 vc 0.1

40 800 vc 0.2 767 vc 0.1 728 vc 0.1 683 vc 0.1 631 vc 0.1 573 vc 0.1

50 732 vc 0.3 710 vc 0.2 682 vc 0.1 648 vc 0.1 606 vc 0.1 559 vc 0.1

60 650 vc 0.7 639 vc 0.5 622 vc 0.4 598 vc 0.3 567 vc 0.3 531 c 0.3



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.s DSC %<100

20 883 XC 0.3 829 VC 0.2 769 VC 0.2 702 VC 0.2 629 VC 0.2 549 VC 0.3

30 848 xc 0.1 805 vc 0.1 755 vc 0.1 699 vc 0.1 637 vc 0.1 568 vc 0.1

40 798 vc 0.1 766 vc 0.1 727 vc 0.1 682 vc 0.1 631 vc 0.1 572 vc 0.1

50 735 vc 0.1 713 vc 0.1 685 vc 0.1 651 vc 0.1 610 vc 0.1 563 vc 0.1

60 657 vc 0.5 646 vc 0.4 629 vc 0.3 605 vc 0.3 575 vc 0.3 538 vc 0.4

120




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 855 vc 0.2 801 VC 0.2 741 VC 0.2 675 VC 0.3 602 VC 0.3 522 C 0.5

30 824 vc 0.1 781 vc 0.1 732 vc 0.1 676 vc 0.1 614 vc 0.1 545 VC 0.2

40 779 vc 0.1 747 vc 0.1 708 vc 0.1 663 vc 0.1 612 vc 0.1 554 vc 0.1

50 719 vc 0.1 698 vc 0.1 670 vc 0.1 636 vc 0.1 595 vc 0.1 548 vc 0.3

60 645 vc 0.4 634 vc 0.4 617 vc 0.4 594 vc 0.4 564 vc 0.5 528 c 0.6



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 808 VC 0.3 755 VC 0.3 695 VC 0.4 629 VC 0.5 556 VC 0.6 477 C 0.8

30 781 vc 0.1 739 vc 0.1 690 vc 0.1 634 vc 0.2 572 vc 0.3 503 c 0.5

40 740 vc 0.1 708 vc 0.1 670 vc 0.1 625 vc 0.1 574 vc 0.3 516 c 0.4

50 684 vc 0.1 663 vc 0.1 636 vc 0.1 602 vc 0.2 561 vc 0.4 514 c 0.6

60 614 vc 0.4 604 vc 0.4 587 vc 0.5 564 vc 0.6 534 vc 0.7 498 c 0.9

121

4020 Orifice, Qu'Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 968 xc 0.5 904 xc 0.4 834 VC 0.3 758 vc 0.3 675 VC 0.3 586 VC 0.3 30 939 xc 0.2 887 xc 0.1 828 xc 0.1 762 vc 0.1 690 vc 0.1 611 vc 0.1 40 897 xc 0.2 855 xc 0.1 806 xc 0.1 752 vc 0.1 690 vc 0.1 623 vc 0.1 50 840 xc 0.3 809 xc 0.2 771 vc 0.1 727 vc 0.1 677 vc 0.1 620 vc 0.1 60 768 vc 0.6 748 vc 0.5 721 vc 0.4 688 vc 0.4 648 vc 0.4 602 vc 0.4



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 946 XC 0.3 883 XC 0.3 813 VC 0.3 737 VC 0.3 654 VC 0.3 565 VC 0.4 30 921 xc 0.1 869 xc 0.1 810 vc 0.1 745 vc 0.1 673 vc 0.1 594 vc 0.1 40 883 xc 0.1 841 xc 0.1 793 vc 0.1 738 vc 0.1 677 vc 0.1 610 vc 0.1 50 830 xc 0.1 799 vc 0.1 762 vc 0.1 718 vc 0.1 667 vc 0.1 611 vc 0.2 60 762 vc 0.4 742 vc 0.4 716 vc 0.3 683 vc 0.3 643 vc 0.4 597 vc 0.5

122


40«* FLAT FAN NOZZLE (Large Orifice) ROTARY-WING

4020 Orifice, SO"" Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 905 vc 0.3 842 vc 0.3 773 VC 0.3 697 VC 0.4 614 VC 0.5 525 C 0.6

30 885 xc 0.1 833 vc 0.1 774 vc 0.1 709 vc 0.1 637 vc 0.2 559 VC 0.3

40 850 vc 0.1 809 vc 0.1 761 vc 0.1 706 vc 0.1 646 vc 0.1 578 vc 0.3

50 801 vc 0.1 771 vc 0.1 733 vc 0.1 690 vc 0.1 640 vc 0.2 583 vc 0.4

60 738 vc 0.3 718 vc 0.3 692 vc 0.4 659 vc 0.4 620 vc 0.5 574 vc 0.7


4020 Orifice, 45'^ Angle

PSI

Airspeed, m pin 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 846 VC 0.3 783 VC 0.4 714 VC 0.4 638 VC 0.6 556 VC 0.8 467 M 1.0

30 830 vc 0.1 778 vc 0.1 719 vc 0.1 654 vc 0.3 583 vc 0.5 505 C 0.7

40 799 vc 0.1 758 VC 0.1 710 vc 0.1 656 vc 0.2 595 vc 0.4 528 C 0.6

50 754 vc 0.1 724 vc 0.1 687 vc 0.2 643 vc 0.3 593 vc 0.5 537 VC 0.7

60 695 vc 0.4 675 vc 0.4 649 vc 0.5 616 vc 0.6 577 vc 0.8 531 VC 1.0

123

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80

Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 1044 xc 0.5 971 XC 0.4 892 xc 0.3 806 vc 0.3 714 VC 0.3 615 VC 0.4

30 1027 xc 0.2 964 xc 0.1 896 xc 0.1 821 vc 0.1 739 vc 0.1 651 vc 0.1 40 995 xc 0.1 943 xc 0.1 886 xc 0.1 821 xc 0.1 751 vc 0.1 673 vc 0.1 50 948 xc 0.2 908 xc 0.1 861 xc 0.1 807 xc 0.1 748 vc 0.1 681 vc 0.1 60 888 xc 0.5 858 xc 0.4 822 xc 0.3 779 vc 0.3 730 vc 0.3 674 vc 0.4



PSI

Airspeed , mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 1010 XC 0.3 937 XC 0.2 858 VC 0.2 772 VC 0.3 680 VC 0.4 582 VC 0.5 30 996 xc 0.1 934 xc 0.1 866 xc 0.1 791 vc 0.1 710 vc 0.1 622 vc 0.2 40 968 xc 0.1 917 xc 0.1 860 xc 0.1 795 vc 0.1 725 vc 0.1 648 vc 0.1 50 926 xc 0.1 886 xc 0.1 839 xc 0.1 786 vc 0.1 726 vc 0.1 660 vc 0.2 60 869 xc 0.3 840 xc 0.2 804 vc 0.2 761 vc 0.3 712 vc 0.4 657 vc 0.5

124

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 956 xc 0.2 884 VC 0.2 805 vc 0.3 720 VC 0.4 628 VC 0.5 529 C 0.7 30 947 xc 0.1 885 vc 0.1 817 vc 0.1 742 vc 0.1 661 vc 0.2 574 VC 0.4 40 923 xc 0.1 872 xc 0.1 815 vc 0.1 751 VC 0.1 681 vc 0.1 604 vc 0.3 50 885 xc 0.1 845 vc 0.1 798 vc 0.1 745 vc 0.1 685 vc 0.2 619 VC 0.4 60 832 vc 0.2 803 vc 0.2 767 vc 0.3 725 vc 0.4 676 vc 0.5 621 vc 0.7



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 885 VC 0.2 812 VC 0.3 734 VC 0.4 648 VC 0.6 557 VC 0.8 459 M 1.0 30 879 vc 0.1 818 vc 0.1 750 vc 0.1 675 vc 0.3 594 vc 0.5 507 C 0.7 40 859 vc 0.1 809 vc 0.1 751 vc 0.1 688 vc 0.2 618 vc 0.4 541 VC 0.6 50 825 vc 0.1 785 vc 0.1 739 vc 0.1 686 vc 0.3 626 vc 0.5 561 VC 0.7 60 776 vc 0.2 747 vc 0.3 712 vc 0.4 670 vc 0.6 621 vc 0.8 566 VC 1.0

125

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80

Dva.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 1122 xc 0.3 1039 XC 0.2 950 XC 0.2 855 vc 0.2 754 VC 0.3 645 VC 0.3

30 1115 xc 0.1 1043 xc 0.1 965 xc 0.1 881 xc 0.1 790 vc 0.1 692 vc 0.1

40 1094 xc 0.1 1033 xc 0.1 966 xc 0.1 892 xc 0.1 812 vc 0.1 725 vc 0.1

50 1058 xc 0.1 1008 xc 0.1 952 xc 0.1 889 xc 0.1 820 vc 0.1 744 vc 0.1

60 1008 xc 0.2 969 xc 0.2 923 xc 0.1 871 xc 0.1 813 vc 0.2 748 vc 0.3



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 1074 XC 0.1 992 XC 0.1 904 vc 0.1 809 vc 0.2 707 VC 0.3 599 VC 0.5 30 1072 xc 0.1 1000 xc 0.1 923 xc 0.1 838 vc 0.1 748 vc 0.1 650 vc 0.1 40 1054 xc 0.1 994 xc 0.1 927 xc 0.1 854 vc 0.1 774 vc 0.1 687 vc 0.1 50 1023 xc 0.1 973 xc 0.1 917 xc 0.1 854 xc 0.1 785 vc 0.1 710 vc 0.1 60 977 xc 0.1 938 xc 0.1 893 xc 0.1 841 vc 0.1 782 vc 0.2 718 vc 0.4

126




PSI

Airspeed ,mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 1009 vc 0.1 927 VC 0.1 838 VC 0.2 744 VC 0.3 642 VC 0.5 534 C 0.7

30 1010 xc 0.1 939 vc 0.1 861 vc 0.1 777 vc 0.1 687 vc 0.2 590 VC 0.4

40 997 xc 0.1 936 xc 0.1 870 VC 0.1 796 vc 0.1 717 vc 0.1 630 vc 0.2

50 969 xc 0.1 920 xc 0.1 864 vc 0.1 801 vc 0.1 732 vc 0.1 657 vc 0.3

60 927 xc 0.1 889 vc 0.1 843 vc 0.1 792 vc 0.2 733 vc 0.4 669 vc 0.6



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 924 VC 0.1 843 VC 0.2 754 VC 0.4 660 VC 0.5 559 C 0.8 451 M 1.0 30 929 vc 0.1 859 vc 0.1 781 vc 0.1 697 vc 0.2 607 VC 0.4 510 C 0.7 40 920 vc 0.1 860 vc 0.1 794 vc 0.1 720 vc 0.1 641 vc 0.3 555 VC 0.6 50 897 vc 0.1 847 vc 0.1 792 vc 0.1 729 vc 0.1 661 VC 0.4 585 VC 0.6 60 859 vc 0.1 820 vc 0.1 775 vc 0.2 724 vc 0.4 666 vc 0.6 601 VC 0.9

127

Table 1-13—Atomizatíon Parameters for 40° Flat Fan Nozzle (Small Orifice)

40*» FLAT FAN NOZZLE (Small Orifice) ROTARY-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 346 0.8 358 M 0.5 364 M 0.3 363 M 0.1 355 M 0.1 339 M 0.1

30 303 0.9 320 F 0.6 331 M 0.3 334 M 0.1 330 F 0.1 319 F 0.1

40 255 0.9 276 F 0.6 291 F 0.3 299 F 0.1 300 F 0.1 294 F 0.1

50 201 1.0 227 F 0.6 246 F 0.3 258 F 0.1 264 F 0.1 262 F 0.1

60 141 VF 1.0 171 VF 0.6 195 F 0.3 212 F 0.1 222 F 0.1 225 F 0.1

40** FLAT FAN NOZZLE (Small Orifice) ROTARY-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 385 M 0.5 393 M 0.3 395 M 0.2 389 M 0.1 376 M 0.1 357 M 0.1

30 349 M 0.6 362 M 0.4 368 M 0.2 366 M 0.1 358 M 0.1 343 M 0.1

40 307 F 0.7 324 M 0.4 335 M 0.2 338 M 0.1 335 M 0.1 324 F 0.1

50 259 F 0.7 281 F 0.4 296 F 0.2 304 F 0.1 305 F 0.1 299 F 0.1

60 206 F 0.7 232 F 0.4 252 F 0.2 264 F 0.1 270 F 0.1 268 F 0.1

128




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 405 M 0.4 409 M' 0.2 406 M 0.1 396 M 0.1 379 M 0.2 355 M 0.4 30 375 M 0.4 384 M 0.3 385 M 0.2 380 M 0.2 368 M 0.2 348 M 0.4 40 340 M 0.5 353 M 0.3 359 M 0.2 358 M 0.2 351 M 0.2 336 F 0.3 50 299 F 0.5 317 M 0.3 327 M 0.2 331 M 0.2 328 F 0.2 317 F 0.3 60 252 F 0.5 274 F 0.3 289 F 0.2 298 F 0.2 299 F 0.2 293 F 0.3

40"* FLAT FAN NOZZLE (Small Orifice) ROTARY-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 406 M 0.3 405 M 0.2 398 M 0.2 384 M 0.3 363 M 0.5 335 0.7 30 383 M 0.3 387 M 0.3 384 M 0.3 375 M 0.4 358 M 0.5 334 0.7 40 354 M 0.4 363 M 0.3 365 M 0.3 360 M 0.4 347 M 0.5 328 0.7 50 320 M 0.4 333 M 0.3 339 M 0.3 339 M 0.4 331 F 0.5 316 0.7 60 279 F 0.5 297 F 0.4 308 F 0.3 312 F 0.4 309 F 0.5 299 0.6

129

40'' FLAT FAN NOZZLE (Small Orifice) ROTARY-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 484 M 0.7 485 M 0.4 480 M 0.2 467 M 0.1 447 M 0.1 420 M 0.1 30 448 M 0.8 453 M 0.5 452 M 0.2 443 M 0.1 428 M 0.1 406 M 0.1 40 405 M 0.8 415 M 0.5 418 M 0.2 415 M 0.1 404 M 0.1 386 M 0.1 50 357 M 0.9 371 M 0.5 379 M 0.2 380 M 0.1 374 M 0.1 360 M 0.1 60 303 M 0.9 322 M 0.5 334 M 0.2 339 M 0.1 338 M 0.1 329 M 0.1

40" FLAT FAN NOZZLE (Small Orifice) ROTARY-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 518 C 0.4 515 C 0.2 505 C 0.1 488 M 0.1 464 M 0.1 432 M 0.1 30 488 c 0.5 489 C 0.2 484 C 0.1 471 M 0.1 451 M 0.1 425 M 0.1 40 452 M 0.5 458 M 0.3 457 M 0.1 449 M 0.1 434 M 0.1 412 M 0.1 50 410 M 0.6 421 M 0.3 424 M 0.1 421 M 0.1 410 M 0.1 392 M 0.1 60 363 M 0.6 378 M 0.3 386 M 0.1 387 M 0.1 381 M 0.1 368 M 0.1

130

4004 Orifice, SO'' Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 533 C 0.2 526 C 0.1 511 C 0.1 490 M 0.1 461 M 0.1 426 M 0.2 30 510 c 0.3 507 c 0.1 497 c 0.1 480 M 0.1 456 M 0.1 425 M 0.2 40 480 c 0.3 482 c 0.1 476 M 0.1 464 M 0.1 444 M 0.1 418 M 0.2 50 445 M 0.4 451 M 0.2 450 M 0.1 442 M 0.1 427 M 0.1 406 M 0.2 60 404 M 0.4 415 M 0.2 418 M 0.1 415 M 0.1 405 M 0.1 387 M 0.1



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 529 C 0.1 517 M 0.1 498 M 0.1 473 M 0.2 440 M 0.3 400 M 0.6 30 512 C 0.2 505 M 0.1 490 M 0.1 469 M Ö.2 441 M 0.3 406 M 0.6 40 489 M 0.2 487 M 0.1 477 M 0.1 460 M 0.2 436 M 0.3 406 M 0.6 50 461 M 0.3 462 M 0.2 457 M 0.2 445 M 0.2 426 M 0.3 400 M 0.5 60 426 M 0.3 433 M 0.2 432 M 0.2 424 M 0.2 410 M 0.3 388 M 0.5

131

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 596 vc 0.7 585 VC 0.3 568 vc 0.1 543 VC 0.1 512 C 0.1 474 C 0.1 30 565 vc 0.7 559 vc 0.4 546 VC 0.2 526 c 0.1 499 c 0.1 465 c 0.1 40 528 c 0.8 527 c 0.4 518 c 0.2 503 c 0.1 481 c 0.1 451 M 0.1 50 486 c 0.8 489 c 0.5 485 c 0.2 474 c 0.1 456 c 0.1 432 M 0.1 60 438 c 0.9 445 c 0.5 446 c 0.2 440 c 0.1 426 M 0.1 406 M 0.1


4006 Orifice, IS"" Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo,5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 625 VC 0.3 610 VC 0.1 588 VC 0.1 559 VC 0.1 524 C 0.1 481 C 0.1 30 601 VC 0.4 590 vc 0.1 573 vc 0.1 549 vc 0.1 518 c 0.1 479 c 0.1 40 570 vc 0.4 565 vc 0.2 552 vc 0.1 532 vc 0.1 506 c 0.1 472 c 0.1 50 535 vc 0.5 533 vc 0.2 525 c 0.1 510 c 0.1 488 c 0.1 459 M 0.1 60 493 c 0.5 496 c 0.3 493 c 0.1 482 c 0.1 464 c 0.1 440 M 0.1

132


40" FLAT FAN NOZZLE (Small Orifice) ROTARY-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 635 vc 0.1 616 VC 0.1 589 VC 0.1 556 VC 0.1 516 C 0.1 469 M 0.1

30 617 vc 0.1 602 vc 0.1 581 vc 0.1 552 vc 0.1 517 c 0.1 474 M 0.1 40 593 vc 0.2 583 VC 0.1 566 VC 0.1 542 vc 0.1 511 c 0.1 473 M 0.1

50 564 vc 0.3 559 vc 0.1 546 vc 0.1 527 c 0.1 500 c 0.1 467 M 0.1 60 529 c 0.3 528 c 0.1 520 c 0.1 505 c 0.1 483 c 0.1 454 M 0.1



PSI

Airspeed, mpli 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 626 VC 0.1 602 VC 0.1 572 VC 0.1 534 C 0.1 490 C 0.2 439 M 0.4

30 614 vc 0.1 595 vc 0.1 570 vc 0.1 537 C 0.1 497 C 0.2 450 M 0.5

40 597 vc 0.1 583 vc 0.1 562 vc 0.1 533 c 0.1 498 c 0.2 456 M 0.4

50 575 vc 0.1 565 vc 0.1 548 vc 0.1 524 c 0.1 494 c 0.2 456 M 0.4

60 546 vc 0.2 541 vc 0.1 529 c 0.1 509 c 0.1 483 c 0.2 450 M 0.4

133

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80

Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 680 vc 0.6 658 VC 0.3 629 VC 0.1 593 VC 0.1 550 VC 0.1 500 C 0.1 30 655 vc 0.7 638 vc 0.4 613 vc 0.2 582 vc 0.1 543 vc 0.1 498 c 0.1 40 625 vc 0.8 612 vc 0.4 592 vc 0.2 565 vc 0.1 531 c 0.1 490 c 0.1 50 588 vc 0.8 579 vc 0.5 564 vc 0.2 542 vc 0.1 512 c 0.1 476 c 0.1 60 546 vc 0.9 542 vc 0.5 531 c 0.2 513 c 0.1 488 c 0.1 456 c 0.1

40'' FLAT FAN NOZZLE (Small Orifice) ROTARY-WING

4008 Orifice, IS"" Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 704 VC 0.3 678 VC 0.1 645 VC 0.1 604 VC 0.1 557 vc 0.1 503 C 0.1 30 686 VC 0.3 664 vc 0.1 635 vc 0.1 599 vc 0.1 557 vc 0.1 507 c 0.1 40 662 vc 0.4 644 vc 0.2 620 vc 0.1 589 vc 0.1 550 vc 0.1 505 c 0.1 50 632 vc 0.5 619 vc 0.2 599 vc 0.1 572 vc 0.1 539 vc 0.1 498 c 0.1 60 596 vc 0.5 588 vc 0.2 572 vc 0.1 550 vc 0.1 521 c 0.1 485 c 0.1

134




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 709 vc 0.1 678 VC 0.1 641 VC 0.1 596 VC 0.1 544 VC 0.1 486 C 0.1

30 697 vc 0.1 671 vc 0.1 638 VC 0.1 598 vc 0.1 551 vc 0.1 497 c 0.1

40 680 vc 0.1 658 VC 0.1 629 vc 0.1 594 vc 0.1 551 vc 0.1 502 c 0.1

50 656 vc 0.2 639 vc 0.1 615 vc 0.1 584 vc 0.1 546 vc 0.1 501 c 0.1

60 627 vc 0.3 614 VC 0.1 595 vc 0.1 568 vc 0.1 535 vc 0.1 494 c 0.1



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 695 VC 0.1 660 VC 0.1 618 VC 0.1 569 VC 0.1 513 C 0.1 450 M 0.4

30 690 vc 0.1 659 vc 0.1 622 vc 0.1 577 vc 0.1 526 c 0.2 468 M 0.4

40 679 vc 0.1 653 VC 0.1 620 vc 0.1 580 vc 0.1 533 vc 0.2 479 M 0.4

50 662 vc 0.1 640 vc 0.1 612 vc 0.1 577 vc 0.1 534 vc 0.2 485 C 0.4

60 639 vc 0.1 622 vc 0.1 598 vc 0.1 568 vc 0.1 530 c 0.2 485 C 0.4

135




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 738 vc 0.7 704 vc 0.4 664 VC 0.1 616 VC 0.1 561 VC 0.1 500 C 0.1 30 719 vc 0.7 690 vc 0.4 653 vc 0.2 610 vc 0.1 560 vc 0.1 503 c 0.1 40 694 vc 0.8 669 vc 0.5 638 vc 0.2 599 vc 0.1 554 vc 0.1 501 c 0.1 50 663 vc 0.9 643 vc 0.5 616 vc 0.3 582 vc 0.1 541 vc 0.1 493 c 0.1 60 627 vc 0.9 611 vc 0.6 589 vc 0.3 559 vc 0.1 523 c 0.1 479 c 0.1



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 757 VC 0.3 719 VC 0.1 674 vc 0.1 622 vc 0.1 563 VC 0.1 497 C 0.1 30 744 vc 0.3 711 vc 0.1 670 vc 0.1 623 vc 0.1 569 vc 0.1 507 C 0.1 40 726 vc 0.4 697 vc 0.2 661 vc 0.1 618 vc 0.1 568 vc 0.1 512 c 0.1 50 702 vc 0.5 677 vc 0.2 646 vc 0.1 608 vc 0.1 562 vc 0.1 510 c 0.1 60 672 vc 0.5 652 vc 0.3 625 vc 0.1 591 vc 0.1 551 vc 0.1 503 c 0.1

136




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 756 vc 0.1 714 vc 0.1 665 VC 0.1 609 VC 0.1 546 VC 0.1 475 C 0.1

30 750 vc 0.1 713 vc 0.1 668 vc 0.1 616 vc 0.1 558 vc 0.1 492 c 0.1

40 739 vc 0.1 706 vc 0.1 665 vc 0.1 618 vc 0.1 564 vc 0.1 503 c 0.1

50 721 vc 0.2 692 vc 0.1 657 vc 0.1 614 vc 0.1 565 vc 0.1 508 c 0.1

60 698 vc 0.3 674 vc 0.1 643 vc 0.1 604 vc 0.1 559 vc 0.1 507 c 0.1



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80


20 737 vc 0.1 691 vc 0.1 637 vc 0.1 577 VC 0.1 509 C 0.1 435 M 0.4

30 738 vc 0.1 696 vc 0.1 647 vc 0.1 591 vc 0.1 528 c 0.1 458 M 0.4

40 733 vc 0.1 695 vc 0.1 651 vc 0.1 599 vc 0.1 541 vc 0.2 475 M 0.4

50 722 vc 0.1 689 vc 0.1 649 vc 0.1 602 vc 0.1 548 vc 0.2 487 C 0.4

60 705 vc 0.1 676 vc 0.1 641 vc 0.1 599 vc 0.1 549 vc 0.2 493 c 0.4

137

Table 1-14—^Atomization Parameters for 80° Flat Fan Nozzle

80° FLAT FAN NOZZLE ROTARY-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 306 0.7 301 0.1 298 0.1 297 0.1 298 0.1 300 0.9 305 2.3 30 269 1.6 267 0.7 267 0.3 269 0.4 272 0.9 278 1.9 286 3.4 40 238 1.9 239 1.1 242 0.8 246 0.9 253 1.4 261 2.5 272 4.0 50 213 1.8 217 1.0 ??? 0.7 230 0.8 239 1.4 251 2.5 264 4.0 60 194 VF 1.2 200 VF 0.4 209 VF 0.1 219 VF 0.3 232 0.9 246 2.0 262 3.6



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 372 M 0.1 358 M 0.1 346 M 0.1 336 0.1 328 0.5 322 2.0 318 3.9 30 339 F 0.3 328 F 0.1 319 F 0.1 312 0.5 307 1.5 303 3.0 302 4.9 40 311 F 0.7 303 F 0.3 297 F 0.4 293 1.0 291 2.0 290 3.5 292 5.5 50 289 F 0.6 284 F 0.2 281 F 0.4 280 1.0 281 2.0 283 3.6 288 5.6 60 274 F 0.1 271 F 0.1 271 F 0.1 273 0.4 276 1.5 282 3.1 289 5.1

138




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 397 M 0.1 375 M 0.1 354 F 0.1 335 0.1 318 1.3 303 3.2 290 5.5 30 367 M 0.1 348 F 0.1 330 F 0.1 314 0.8 300 2.2 288 4.2 278 6.6 40 343 F 0.1 326 F 0.1 312 F 0.2 299 1.2 288 2.7 279 4.7 271 7.1

50 325 F 0.1 311 F 0.1 299 F 0.1 289 1.2 281 2.7 275 4.7 271 7.2

60 313 F 0.1 302 F 0.1 293 F 0.1 285 0.7 280 2.2 277 4.3 276 6.8



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 382 0.1 350 0.1 321 0.1 293 0.2 268 F 2.1 244 VF 4.5 222 VF 7.3 30 355 0.1 327 0.1 300 0.1 275 1.1 253 F 3.1 232 VF 5.5 213 VF 8.3 40 335 0.1 309 0.1 285 0.1 264 1.6 244 VF 3.6 226 VF 6.0 210 VF 8.9 50 320 0.1 297 0.1 277 0.0 258 1.6 241 VF 3.6 226 VF 6.0 213 VF 9.0 60 311 0.1 291 0.1 274 0.1 258 VF 1.0 243 VF 3.1 231 VF 5.6 221 VF 8.5

139

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 388 M 1.2 378 M 0.1 369 M 0.1 363 M 0.1 359 M 0.1 357 M 0.6 356 1.9 30 352 M 2.0 345 M 1.0 340 M 0.5 336 M 0.4 335 M 0.8 336 F 1.6 338 2.9 40 323 M 2.3 318 M 1.4 316 F 0.8 315 F 0.8 317 F 1.2 320 F 2.1 326 3.4 50 299 F 2.2 297 F 1.2 298 F 0.7 300 F 0.7 305 F 1.2 311 F 2.1 319 3.4 60 281 F 1.5 282 F 0.6 286 F 0.1 291 F 0.1 298 F 0.6 307 F 1.6 319 3.0



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 448 M 0.0 429 M 0.1 412 M 0.1 397 M 0.1 384 M 0.5 373 M 1.8 363 M 3.5 30 416 M 0.8 400 M 0.3 386 M 0.2 373 M 0.6 363 M 1.4 355 M 2.8 349 M 4.5 40 389 M 1.1 376 M 0.6 365 M 0.6 356 M 1.0 349 M 1.9 343 M 3.2 340 M 5.1 50 369 M 1.0 359 M 0.5 351 M 0.5 344 M 0.9 340 M 1.8 337 M 3.2 337 F 5.1 60 355 M 0.3 347 M 0.1 342 M 0.1 338 M 0.4 337 M 1.3 337 F 2.7 340 F 4.6

140




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 467 M 0.1 439 M 0.1 413 M 0.1 389 M 0.0 368 M 1.3 348 3.1 330 5.3

30 438 M 0.1 413 M 0.1 391 M 0.1 370 M 0.9 351 M 2.2 334 4.0 318 6.3

40 416 M 0.1 394 M 0.0 374 M 0.5 356 M 1.3 339 F 2.7 325 4.5 313 6.8

50 399 M 0.1 380 M 0.1 363 M 0.3 347 M 1.3 334 F 2.6 323 4.5 314 6.8

60 388 M 0.1 372 M 0.1 357 M 0.1 345 F 0.7 335 F 2.1 326 4.0 320 6.3



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 445 M 0.1 409 M 0.1 374 0.1 341 0.5 311 2.2 282 4.4 255 7.1

30 420 M 0.1 386 M 0.1 355 0.0 325 1.4 297 3.1 271 5.4 248 8.1

40 401 M 0.1 370 F 0.1 341 0.4 315 1.8 290 3.6 267 5.9 246 8.6

50 388 M 0.1 360 F 0.1 334 0.3 310 1.7 288 3.5 268 5.9 250 8.6

60 380 F 0.1 355 F 0.1 332 0.1 311 1.1 292 3.0 275 5.3 260 8.2

141




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 458 M 1.5 443 M 0.3 430 M 0.1 418 M 0.1 409 M 0.1 402 M 0.2 396 M 1.3 30 424 M 2.3 411 M 1.1 401 M 0.4 393 M 0.2 386 M 0.4 382 M 1.1 379 M 2.3 40 395 M 2.6 386 M 1.4 379 M 0.8 373 M 0.6 369 M 0.8 368 M 1.6 368 M 2.8 50 373 M 2.3 366 M 1.2 362 M 0.6 359 M 0.4 359 M 0.7 360 M 1.5 363 M 2.7 60 356 M 1.6 352 M 0.6 351 M 0.1 351 M 0.1 353 M 0.1 358 M 0.9 364 M 2.2



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 512 G 0.4 488 M 0.1 466 M 0.1 446 M 0.1 427 M 0.3 411 M 1.5 397 M 3.1 30 481 M 1.2 460 M 0.5 441 M 0.3 424 M 0.5 408 M 1.2 395 M 2.4 384 M 4.0 40 456 M 1.5 438 M 0.8 422 M 0.6 407 M 0.9 395 M 1.6 385 M 2.8 376 M 4.5 50 437 M 1.2 422 M 0.6 408 M 0.4 397 M 0.7 388 M 1.5 380 M 2.7 374 M 4.4 60 424 M 0.5 411 M 0.1 401 M 0.1 392 M 0.1 386 M 0.9 381 M 2.2 379 M 3.9

142




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 525 M 0.1 492 M 0.1 461 M 0.1 432 M 0.1 405 M 1.2 380 M 2.8 357 F 4.9

30 498 M 0.2 468 M 0.1 440 M 0.2 414 M 0.9 390 M 2.1 368 M 3.7 347 F 5.8

40 476 M 0.5 449 M 0.3 424 M 0.5 401 M 1.3 380 M 2.5 361 M 4.1 343 M 6.3

50 461 M 0.2 437 M 0.1 414 M 0.4 394 M 1.2 376 M 2.4 360 M 4.1 345 M 6.2

60 451 M 0.1 430 M 0.1 410 M 0.1 393 M 0.5 378 M 1.8 364 M 3.5 353 M 5.7



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 497 M 0.1 455 M 0.1 416 M 0.1 378 0.6 342 2.2 309 4.3 277 6.8

30 473 M 0.1 435 M 0.1 398 M 0.3 363 1.4 330 3.1 299 5.2 270 7.7

40 456 M 0.1 420 M 0.1 386 M 0.6 354 1.8 324 3.5 296 5.6 270 8.2

50 443 M 0.1 411 M 0.1 380 M 0.4 351 1.7 323 3.4 298 5.5 275 8.2

60 437 M 0.1 407 M 0.1 379 M 0.1 353 1.0 329 2.8 307 5.0 286 7.6

143

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 517 C 1.7 496 M 0.4 478 M 0.1 462 M 0.1 447 M 0.1 435 M 0.1 424 M 0.6

30 484 c 2.4 466 M 1.1 451 M 0.3 437 M 0.1 426 M 0.1 416 M 0.5 409 M 1.5

40 457 M 2.6 442 M 1.4 430 M 0.5 419 M 0.2 410 M 0.3 404 M 0.9 399 M 1.9

50 435 M 2.4 424 M 1.1 414 M 0.3 407 M 0.0 401 M 0.2 397 M 0.8 395 M 1.8

60 420 M 1.6 411 M 0.4 405 M 0.1 400 M 0.1 397 M 0.1 396 M 0.2 397 M 1.3



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 564 vc 0.7 535 C 0.1 508 M 0.1 483 M 0.1 460 M 0.1 438 M 1.0 419 M 2.4

30 535 c 1.4 509 C 0.6 485 M 0.2 462 M 0.3 442 M 0.8 424 M 1.8 407 M 3.3

40 511 c 1.6 488 c 0.8 467 M 0.5 447 M 0.6 430 M 1.2 414 M 2.2 401 M 3.7

50 494 c 1.4 473 M 0.6 455 M 0.3 438 M 0.4 424 M 1.0 411 M 2.1 401 M 3.6

60 482 c 0.6 464 M 0.1 449 M 0.1 435 M 0.1 423 M 0.4 414 M 1.5 406 M 3.0

144




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 571 C 0.1 533 M 0.1 497 M 0.1 464 M 0.1 431 M 0.9 401 M 2.4 373 M 4.3

30 545 c 0.5 510 M 0.1 477 M 0.2 446 M 0.8 417 M 1.8 390 M 3.3 365 M 5.2

40 525 c 0.7 493 M 0.4 463 M 0.5 435 M 1.1 409 M 2.1 384 M 3.6 362 M 5.6

50 511 c 0.4 482 M 0.1 455 M 0.3 429 M 0.9 406 M 2.0 385 M 3.5 365 M 5.5

60 503 c 0.1 476 M 0.1 452 M 0.1 430 M 0.2 409 M 1.3 391 M 2.9 374 M 4.9



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 537 M 0.1 491 M 0.1 446 M 0.1 403 M 0.6 362 2.0 324 F 3.9 287 6.3

30 515 M 0.1 471 M 0.1 429 M 0.3 390 M 1.4 352 2.8 316 F 4.8 282 7.2

40 499 M 0.1 458 M 0.0 419 M 0.6 382 M 1.7 347 3.2 314 F 5.2 282 7.6

50 488 M 0.1 450 M 0.1 414 M 0.4 380 M 1.5 348 3.0 317 F 5.1 289 7.5

60 483 M 0.1 448 M 0.1 415 M 0.1 383 M 0.8 354 2.4 327 F 4.4 301 6.9

145

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 564 vc 1.7 538 C 0.2 515 C 0.1 494 M 0.1 474 M 0.1 457 M 0.1 441 M 0.1

30 532 c 2.4 510 c 0.9 489 c 0.1 471 M 0.1 454 M 0.1 439 M 0.1 427 M 0.6

40 506 c 2.6 487 c 1.1 469 c 0.2 454 M 0.1 440 M 0.1 428 M 0.1 418 M 0.9

50 486 c 2.2 470 c 0.8 455 M 0.1 442 M 0.1 432 M 0.1 423 M 0.1 416 M 0.8

60 472 c 1.4 459 c 0.1 447 M 0.1 437 M 0.1 429 M 0.1 423 M 0.1 419 M 0.2



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvos DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 605 VC 0.8 571 VC 0.1 539 c 0.1 509 M 0.1 480 M 0.1 454 M 0.3 430 M 1.6

30 577 vc 1.5 546 VC 0.5 517 C 0.1 489 M 0.1 464 M 0.3 441 M 1.1 419 M 2.5

40 555 vc 1.6 527 c 0.7 500 C 0.2 476 M 0.1 453 M 0.6 433 M 1.5 414 M 2.8

50 539 vc 1.3 513 C 0.4 490 C 0.1 468 M 0.1 448 M 0.4 431 M 1.3 415 M 2.7

60 528 C 0.5 505 c 0.1 485 C 0.1 466 M 0.1 449 M 0.1 435 M 0.6 422 M 2.0

146




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 606 vc 0.1 563 c 0.1 522 M 0.1 483 M 0.1 446 M 0.5 411 M 1.8 378 M 3.6

30 582 vc 0.6 542 c 0.1 503 M 0.0 467 M 0.4 433 M 1.3 401 M 2.6 371 M 4.4

40 563 vc 0.8 526 c 0.3 491 M 0.3 457 M 0.7 426 M 1.6 397 M 3.0 369 M 4.8 50 550 vc 0.5 516 c 0.0 483 M 0.0 453 M 0.5 425 M 1.4 398 M 2.8 374 M 4.7

60 543 vc 0.1 511 c 0.1 482 M 0.1 455 M 0.1 429 M 0.7 406 M 2.1 384 M 4.0



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 566 M 0.1 515 M 0.1 465 M 0.1 417 M 0.4 371 F 1.7 327 3.4 285 F 5.7 30 545 M 0.1 496 M 0.1 449 M 0.3 405 M 1.1 362 F 2.5 320 4.3 281 F 6.5 40 530 M 0.1 484 M 0.1 440 M 0.5 398 M 1.4 358 F 2.8 320 4.6 283 F 6.9 50 521 M 0.1 478 M 0.1 436 M 0.2 397 M 1.2 360 M 2.6 325 4.4 291 F 6.7 60 517 M 0.1 477 M 0.1 439 M 0.1 402 M 0.4 368 M 1.9 336 3.7 305 F 6.1

147

Table 1-15—^Atomization Parameters for Accu-Flo Double Row Nozzle

ACCU-FLO DOUBLE ROW NOZZLE ROTARY-WING

0.016 Orifice, D4 Restrictor

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 790 vc 0.1 802 VC 0.1 786 VC 0.2 743 VC 0.6 673 vc 1.2 575 VC 2.0 449 C 3.0

30 816 vc 0.0 829 vc 0.0 813 vc 0.2 771 vc 0.6 700 vc 1.2 603 vc 2.0 477 C 3.0

40 826 vc 0.1 838 vc 0.1 824 vc 0.3 781 vc 0.7 711 vc 1.2 613 vc 2.0 488 c 2.9

50 818 vc 0.2 831 vc 0.1 816 vc 0.3 774 vc 0.6 704 vc 1.2 607 vc 1.9 482 c 2.8

60 793 vc 0.2 807 vc 0.1 792 vc 0.2 750 vc 0.6 681 vc 1.1 584 vc 1.8 459 c 2.7



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 860 VC 0.1 876 VC 0.1 865 VC 0.1 826 VC 0.3 760 vc 0.8 667 VC 1.5 545 VC 2.4

30 886 vc 0.1 902 vc 0.1 892 vc 0.1 853 vc 0.4 788 vc 0.8 694 vc 1.5 573 vc 2.4

40 895 vc 0.2 912 VC 0.0 901 vc 0.1 863 vc 0.4 798 vc 0.8 705 vc 1.5 584 vc 2.3

50 886 vc 0.2 904 vc 0.0 894 vc 0.1 856 vc 0.3 791 vc 0.8 698 vc 1.4 577 vc 2.2

60 861 vc 0.2 879 vc 0.0 869 vc 0.0 831 vc 0.3 766 vc 0.7 674 vc 1.3 554 vc 2.1

148




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 893 vc 0.1 914 VC 0.1 907 vc 0.1 873 VC 0.1 812 VC 0.5 722 VC 1.1 606 VC 1.9

30 918 vc 0.2 940 vc 0.0 933 vc 0.1 900 vc 0.2 838 vc 0.5 749 vc 1.1 633 vc 1.9

40 927 vc 0.3 948 vc 0.1 942 vc 0.0 909 vc 0.2 848 VC 0.5 759 vc 1.1 643 vc 1.8

50 918 vc 0.3 940 vc 0.1 934 vc 0.1 901 vc 0.1 840 vc 0.5 752 vc 1.0 636 vc 1.7

60 892 vc 0.3 914 vc 0.0 909 vc 0.1 876 vc 0.0 816 vc 0.4 728 vc 0.9 612 vc 1.5


0.016 Orifice, DIO Restrictor

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 890 VC 0.4 915 VC 0.1 913 VC 0.1 884 VC 0.1 827 VC 0.3 742 VC 0.8 630 VC 1.5

30 915 vc 0.5 941 vc 0.1 939 vc 0.0 910 vc 0.1 853 vc 0.4 768 vc 0.8 657 vc 1.5

40 923 VC 0.5 949 vc 0.2 947 vc 0.0 918 vc 0.1 862 vc 0.3 778 vc 0.8 666 vc 1.4

50 914 vc 0.5 940 vc 0.2 939 vc 0.0 910 vc 0.0 854 vc 0.2 770 vc 0.7 659 vc 1.3

60 887 vc 0.5 914 vc 0.1 913 vc 0.1 885 vc 0.1 829 vc 0.1 745 vc 0.5 634 vc 1.1

149

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 850 vc 0.7 880 VC 0.3 883 VC 0.1 858 VC 0.1 805 VC 0.2 725 VC 0.6 617 VC 1.2 30 875 vc 0.8 905 vc 0.4 908 vc 0.1 883 vc 0.1 831 vc 0.3 751 vc 0.6 644 vc 1.1 40 882 vc 0.9 913 vc 0.4 916 vc 0.1 892 vc 0.1 840 vc 0.2 760 vc 0.5 653 vc 1.1 50 873 vc 0.9 904 vc 0.4 907 vc 0.1 883 vc 0.0 831 vc 0.1 752 vc 0.4 645 vc 0.9 60 846 vc 0.8 877 vc 0.3 881 vc 0.0 857 vc 0.1 805 vc 0.0 726 vc 0.3 620 vc 0.8



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 937 VC 0.1 924 vc 0.1 884 VC 0.1 816 VC 0.5 720 VC 1.1 597 VC 2.0 446 C 3.0 30 986 vc 0.1 973 vc 0.1 933 vc 0.1 865 vc 0.5 770 vc 1.1 647 vc 2.0 496 c 3.0 40 1017 vc 0.1 1005 vc 0.1 965 vc 0.1 897 vc 0.5 802 vc 1.1 679 vc 1.9 529 c 2.9 50 1031 xc 0.1 1019 xc 0.1 979 xc 0.1 912 vc 0.5 817 vc 1.1 695 vc 1.9 545 vc 2.8 60 1028 xc 0.1 1016 xc 0.1 977 xc 0.1 910 xc 0.4 816 vc 0.9 694 vc 1.7 544 c 2.7

150

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 1015 vc 0.1 1007 VC 0.1 971 VC 0.1 907 VC 0.2 816 VC 0.8 697 VC 1.5 551 VC 2.5 30 1063 vc 0.1 1055 vc 0.1 1019 vc 0.1 956 vc 0.3 865 vc 0.8 747 vc 1.5 601 vc 2.4 40 1094 vc 0.1 1086 vc 0.1 1050 vc 0.1 987 vc 0.3 897 vc 0.8 779 vc 1.5 633 vc 2.4 50 1108 xc 0.1 1100 xc 0.1 1065 xc 0.1 1002 vc 0.2 912 vc 0.7 794 vc 1.4 649 vc 2.3 60 1104 xc 0.1 1097 xc 0.1 1062 xc 0.1 999 xc 0.1 909 vc 0.6 792 vc 1.2 647 vc 2.1



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1057 VC 0.1 1053 VC 0.1 1021 VC 0.1 962 VC 0.1 876 VC 0.5 761 VC 1.2 620 VC 2.0 30 1104 vc 0.0 1100 vc 0.1 1069 vc 0.1 1010 vc 0.1 924 vc 0.5 810 vc 1.2 669 vc 2.0 40 1134 VC 0.1 1131 vc 0.1 1100 xc 0.1 1042 VC 0.1 956 vc 0.5 842 VC 1.1 701 vc 1.9 50 1148 xc 0.1 1144 xc 0.1 1114 xc 0.1 1056 xc 0.0 970 vc 0.4 857 vc 1.0 716 vc 1.8 60 1144 xc 0.0 1141 xc 0.1 1110 xc 0.1 1053 xc 0.1 967 vc 0.3 854 vc 0.8 714 vc 1.6

151




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1062 vc 0.2 1063 VC 0.1 1036 vc 0.1 981 XC 0.0 899 VC 0.4 789 VC 0.9 652 VC 1.6

30 1109 vc 0.3 1110 vc 0.0 1083 vc 0.1 1029 vc 0.1 947 vc 0.4 838 vc 0.9 701 vc 1.6

40 1139 vc 0.3 1140 vc 0.0 1113 xc 0.1 1059 vc 0.0 978 vc 0.3 869 vc 0.8 732 vc 1.5

50 1151 vc 0.3 1153 xc 0.0 1127 xc 0.1 1073 xc 0.1 992 vc 0.2 883 vc 0.7 747 vc 1.4

60 1147 xc 0.3 1149 xc 0.1 1123 xc 0.1 1069 xc 0.1 988 vc 0.1 880 vc 0.6 744 vc 1.2



PSI

Airspeed, mpli 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1031 VC 0.6 1036 VC 0.2 1013 VC 0.1 963 XC 0.1 886 XC 0.3 781 VC 0.8 648 VC 1.4 30 1077 vc 0.7 1083 vc 0.3 1060 vc 0.1 1011 xc 0.1 933 vc 0.3 829 vc 0.7 696 vc 1.3

40 1107 vc 0.7 1112 vc 0.3 1090 vc 0.1 1041 XC 0.1 964 vc 0.3 859 vc 0.6 727 vc 1.2 50 1119 vc 0.7 1125 vc 0.3 1103 xc 0.0 1054 xc 0.0 977 vc 0.2 873 vc 0.5 741 vc 1.1 60 1114 vc 0.6 1120 xc 0.2 1099 xc 0.1 1050 xc 0.1 973 vc 0.0 869 vc 0.4 738 vc 0.9

152




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 928 vc 0.1 865 VC 0.1 775 VC 0.2 657 VC 0.8 511 C 1.5 338 M 2.5 137 VF 3.7

30 1020 xc 0.1 958 vc 0.1 867 vc 0.2 750 vc 0.8 604 VC 1.5 431 C 2.5 231 VF 3.6

40 1095 xc 0.1 1033 xc 0.1 943 XC 0.2 825 VC 0.7 680 vc 1.5 508 C 2.4 308 VF 3.5

50 1153 xc 0.1 1091 xc 0.1 1001 xc 0.1 884 vc 0.7 739 vc 1.4 567 C 2.3 367 VF 3.4

60 1194 xc 0.1 1132 xc 0.1 1043 XC 0.0 926 xc 0.5 781 vc 1.2 609 C 2.1 410 VF 3.2



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1023 VC 0.1 964 VC 0.1 878 VC 0.1 765 VC 0.6 624 VC 1.3 455 C 2.1 259 VF 3.2

30 1114 xc 0.1 1056 xc 0.1 970 vc 0.2 857 vc 0.6 716 vc 1.2 548 VC 2.1 352 F 3.1

40 1189 xc 0.1 1131 xc 0.1 1045 xc 0.1 933 VC 0.6 792 VC 1.2 624 vc 2.0 428 M 3.0

50 1246 xc 0.1 1189 xc 0.1 1103 xc 0.1 991 xc 0.5 851 vc 1.1 683 vc 1.9 487 M 2.9

60 1287 xc 0.1 1229 xc 0.1 1144 xc 0.1 1032 xc 0.3 892 vc 0.9 724 vc 1.7 529 F 2.7

153




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1081 xc 0.0 1027 xc 0.0 945 vc 0.2 836 VC 0.5 700 VC 1.1 536 C 1.8 344 F 2.8 30 1172 xc 0.1 1118 xc 0.0 1037 xc 0.2 928 vc 0.5 792 vc 1.1 628 VC 1.8 437 M 2.7

40 1246 xc 0.1 1193 xc 0.0 1112 xc 0.2 1003 xc 0.5 867 vc 1.0 704 vc 1.7 513 c 2.6

50 1303 xc 0.1 1250 xc 0.1 1169 xc 0.1 1061 xc 0.4 925 vc 0.9 762 VC 1.6 571 C 2.4 60 1343 xc 0.0 1290 xc 0.1 1209 xc 0.1 1102 xc 0.2 966 xc 0.7 803 vc 1.4 613 C 2.2



PSI

Airspeed, mpli 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1103 XC 0.4 1053 XC 0.3 976 XC 0.3 872 vc 0.6 740 VC 1.0 580 C 1.7 393 VF 2.5 30 1194 xc 0.4 1144 xc 0.3 1068 xc 0.3 963 xc 0.6 831 vc 1.0 672 VC 1.6 485 M 2.4 40 1267 xc 0.4 1218 XC 0.3 1142 xc 0.3 1038 xc 0.5 906 vc 0.9 747 vc 1.5 561 C 2.3 50 1323 xc 0.4 1275 xc 0.2 1199 xc 0.2 1095 xc 0.4 964 vc 0.8 805 vc 1.4 619 C 2.1 60 1363 xc 0.3 1314 xc 0.1 1238 xc 0.1 1135 xc 0.2 1004 xc 0.6 846 vc 1.2 660 C 1.9

154




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1088 xc 0.8 1043 xc 0.6 971 XC 0.6 871 XC 0.7 743 vc 1.0 588 M 1.6 406 VF 2.3

30 1179 xc 0.9 1134 xc 0.6 1062 xc 0.5 962 xc 0.7 835 vc 1.0 680 c 1.5 497 F 2.2

40 1252 xc 0.9 1207 xc 0.6 1135 XC 0.5 1036 xc 0.6 909 vc 0.9 754 VC 1.4 572 M 2.1

50 1307 xc 0.8 1263 xc 0.5 1192 xc 0.4 1092 xc 0.5 966 xc 0.8 811 vc 1.2 630 C 1.9

60 1346 xc 0.8 1302 xc 0.4 1231 XC 0.3 1132 xc 0.3 1006 xc 0.6 852 vc 1.0 670 C 1.7

155

Table 1-16—Atomization Parameters for Accu-Flo Single Row Nozzle

ACCU-FLO SINGLE ROW NOZZLE ROTARY-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1364 xc 0.2 1170 XC 0.1 991 XC 0.2 826 vc 0.4 676 vc 0.8 539 C 1.4 417 M 2.2

30 1387 xc 0.2 1193 xc 0.1 1014 xc 0.2 849 vc 0.4 698 vc 0.8 561 VC 1.4 439 c 2.1

40 1406 xc 0.3 1212 xc 0.1 1032 XC 0.2 867 vc 0.4 716 vc 0.8 579 VC 1.3 457 C 2.0

50 1420 xc 0.3 1226 xc 0.2 1046 xc 0.2 881 vc 0.4 730 vc 0.7 593 VC 1.3 471 C 2.0

60 1430 xc 0.4 1236 xc 0.2 1056 xc 0.2 891 vc 0.4 739 vc 0.7 602 vc 1.2 480 C 1.9



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1384 XC 0.3 1195 XC 0.2 1020 XC 0.3 860 VC 0.5 714 vc 0.9 583 VC 1.4 465 C 2.1

30 1419 xc 0.3 1230 xc 0.2 1055 xc 0.2 895 xc 0.4 749 vc 0.8 617 vc 1.4 500 c 2.1

40 1450 xc 0.3 1261 XC 0.2 1086 xc 0.2 925 xc 0.4 779 vc 0.8 647 vc 1.3 530 c 2.0

50 1476 xc 0.4 1287 xc 0.2 1112 xc 0.2 951 xc 0.4 805 vc 0.7 673 vc 1.2 556 vc 1.9

60 1499 xc 0.4 1309 xc 0.2 1134 xc 0.2 974 xc 0.4 827 vc 0.7 695 vc 1.2 577 vc 1.8

156




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1409 xc 0.3 1225 XC 0.2 1055 XC 0.3 899 vc 0.5 758 VC 0.8 632 VC 1.4 519 C 2.1

30 1456 xc 0.3 1272 xc 0.2 1102 xc 0.2 946 xc 0.4 805 vc 0.8 678 vc 1.3 566 VC 2.0

40 1499 xc 0.4 1315 xc 0.2 1145 xc 0.2 989 xc 0.4 848 vc 0.7 721 vc 1.2 608 vc 1.9

50 1539 xc 0.4 1354 xc 0.2 1184 xc 0.2 1028 xc 0.3 886 vc 0.6 759 vc 1.1 646 vc 1.8

60 1573 xc 0.4 1389 xc 0.2 1218 xc 0.2 1062 xc 0.3 921 vc 0.6 793 vc 1.0 680 vc 1.7



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1440 XC 0.3 1260 XC 0.2 1095 XC 0.2 945 XC 0.4 808 VC 0.7 686 VC 1.3 578 VC 1.9

30 1499 xc 0.3 1320 xc 0.2 1155 xc 0.2 1004 xc 0.3 867 vc 0.7 745 vc 1.1 637 vc 1.8

40 1555 xc 0.3 1375 xc 0.1 1210 XC 0.1 1059 xc 0.3 922 xc 0.6 800 vc 1.0 692 vc 1.7

50 1606 xc 0.3 1427 xc 0.1 1261 xc 0.1 1110 xc 0.2 973 xc 0.5 851 vc 1.0 743 vc 1.6

60 1653 xc 0.3 1474 xc 0.1 1308 xc 0.0 1157 xc 0.1 1020 xc 0.4 897 vc 0.9 789 vc 1.5

157

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo,5 osc %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 1476 xc 0.2 1302 xc 0.1 1141 XC 0.1 995 XC 0.2 864 vc 0.6 746 VC 1.1 643 vc 1.7

30 1548 xc 0.2 1374 xc 0.0 1213 xc 0.0 1067 xc 0.2 935 vc 0.5 818 vc 0.9 715 vc 1.6

40 1616 xc 0.2 1441 xc 0.1 1281 xc 0.1 1134 xc 0.1 1002 xc 0.4 885 VC 0.8 782 vc 1.4

50 1680 xc 0.2 1505 xc 0.1 1344 xc 0.1 1198 xc 0.0 1066 xc 0.3 948 vc 0.7 845 vc 1.3

60 1739 xc 0.2 1564 xc 0.1 1403 xc 0.1 1257 xc 0.1 1124 xc 0.2 1007 xc 0.6 903 vc 1.2



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1362 XC 0.1 1171 XC 0.1 995 XC 0.3 833 VC 0.7 685 VC 1.3 552 C 2.0 433 M 2.9 30 1365 xc 0.1 1174 xc 0.1 997 xc 0.3 835 vc 0.7 688 vc 1.2 554 c 1.9 435 C 2.8 40 1363 XC 0.1 1173 xc 0.2 996 xc 0.3 834 vc 0.7 686 VC 1.2 552 c 1.9 433 C 2.7 50 1358 xc 0.2 1167 xc 0.2 990 xc 0.3 828 vc 0.7 680 vc 1.2 546 c 1.8 427 M 2.6 60 1349 xc 0.2 1157 xc 0.2 981 vc 0.3 818 vc 0.6 670 VC 1.1 536 c 1.8 417 M 2.6

158

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvos DSC %<100

20 1349 xc 0.2 1163 XC 0.2 992 XC 0.4 834 vc 0.8 692 vc 1.3 563 C 2.0 449 C 2.9

30 1365 xc 0.2 1178 xc 0.2 1007 xc 0.4 849 vc 0.8 706 vc 1.3 578 C 2.0 463 c 2.8

40 1376 xc 0.3 1190 XC 0.2 1018 xc 0.4 860 vc 0.7 717 vc 1.2 588 c 1.9 474 c 2.7

50 1383 xc 0.3 1196 xc 0.3 1024 xc 0.4 867 vc 0.7 723 vc 1.2 595 c 1.8 480 c 2.6

60 1385 xc 0.3 1199 xc 0.3 1027 xc 0.4 869 vc 0.7 726 vc 1.1 597 c 1.7 482 c 2.5



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1342 xc 0.3 1161 XC 0.3 994 XC 0.5 842 VC 0.8 704 VC 1.3 580 C 2.0 471 C 2.8

30 1370 xc 0.3 1189 xc 0.3 1022 xc 0.5 869 vc 0.8 731 vc 1.3 607 c 1.9 498 c 2.7

40 1394 xc 0.3 1212 xc 0.3 1045 xc 0.4 892 XC 0.7 754 vc 1.2 630 vc 1.8 520 c 2.6

50 1413 xc 0.3 1231 xc 0.3 1064 xc 0.4 911 xc 0.7 773 vc 1.1 648 vc 1.7 539 c 2.5

60 1428 xc 0.3 1246 xc 0.3 1079 xc 0.4 926 xc 0.6 787 vc 1.1 663 vc 1.7 553 c 2.4

159




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1341 xc 0.3 1165 XC 0.3 1003 XC 0.5 855 vc 0.8 722 VC 1.3 603 C 1.9 498 C 2.7

30 1381 xc 0.3 1205 xc 0.3 1043 xc 0.4 895 xc 0.7 761 vc 1.2 642 VC 1.8 537 c 2.6

40 1417 xc 0.3 1240 XC 0.2 1078 XC 0.4 930 xc 0.6 796 vc 1.1 677 vc 1.7 572 c 2.5

50 1449 xc 0.3 1272 xc 0.2 1109 xc 0.3 961 xc 0.6 827 vc 1.0 708 vc 1.6 603 vc 2.4

60 1476 xc 0.3 1299 XC 0.2 1137 xc 0.3 988 xc 0.5 854 vc 0.9 735 vc 1.5 629 vc 2.2



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1346 XC 0.3 1174 XC 0.2 1017 XC 0.4 874 VC 0.7 745 VC 1.1 631 VC 1.8 531 C 2.6

30 1398 xc 0.2 1226 xc 0.2 1069 xc 0.3 926 xc 0.6 797 vc 1.0 683 vc 1.7 583 vc 2.4

40 1446 xc 0.2 1274 xc 0.1 1117 xc 0.2 974 xc 0.5 845 VC 0.9 730 VC 1.5 630 vc 2.3

50 1490 xc 0.2 1318 xc 0.1 1160 xc 0.2 1017 xc 0.4 888 xc 0.8 773 vc 1.4 673 vc 2.1

60 1530 xc 0.2 1358 xc 0.1 1200 xc 0.1 1056 xc 0.3 927 xc 0.7 812 vc 1.3 712 vc 2.0

160


ACCU-FLO SINGLE ROW NOZZLE 0.063 Orifice, D4 Restrictor ROTARY-WING

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1281 xc 0.0 1093 vc 0.2 920 VC 0.5 760 VC 1.0 615 VC 1.7 484 M 2.5 368 M 3.5

30 1268 xc 0.1 1080 xc 0.2 906 vc 0.5 746 vc 1.0 601 vc 1.6 470 C 2.5 354 M 3.4

40 1250 xc 0.1 1062 xc 0.2 888 vc 0.5 728 vc 1.0 583 vc 1.6 452 C 2.4 335 M 3.3

50 1228 xc 0.1 1040 vc 0.2 866 vc 0.5 706 vc 1.0 560 vc 1.6 429 C 2.3 312 M 3.3

60 1202 xc 0.2 1013 vc 0.3 839 vc 0.5 679 vc 0.9 533 vc 1.5 402 M 2.3 285 M 3.2



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1242 xc 0.2 1059 XC 0.4 890 VC 0.7 735 VC 1.2 595 VC 1.8 469 M 2.6 357 M 3.6

30 1241 xc 0.2 1057 xc 0.4 888 vc 0.6 733 vc 1.1 593 vc 1.7 467 C 2.5 355 M 3.5

40 1235 xc 0.2 1052 xc 0.3 883 vc 0.6 728 vc 1.1 587 vc 1.7 461 C 2.4 349 M 3.4

50 1226 xc 0.3 1042 xc 0.3 873 vc 0.6 718 vc 1.0 577 vc 1.6 450 C 2.4 338 M 3.3

60 1212 xc 0.3 1028 xc 0.3 858 vc 0.6 703 vc 1.0 562 c 1.6 436 C 2.3 324 M 3.2

161




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1208 xc 0.3 1030 xc 0.5 866 vc 0.7 716 VC 1.2 580 VC 1.8 459 C 2.6 352 M 3.6

30 1220 xc 0.3 1041 xc 0.4 876 vc 0.7 726 vc 1.1 591 vc 1.7 469 c 2.5 362 M 3.4

40 1226 xc 0.3 1048 xc 0.4 883 vc 0.7 733 VC 1.1 597 vc 1.7 475 c 2.4 368 M 3.3

50 1229 xc 0.3 1050 xc 0.4 885 xc 0.6 735 vc 1.0 599 c 1.6 477 c 2.3 370 M 3.2

60 1228 xc 0.3 1048 xc 0.4 884 vc 0.6 733 vc 1.0 597 c 1.5 475 c 2.2 368 M 3.1



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1180 XC 0.4 1007 XC 0.5 847 VC 0.8 702 VC 1.2 571 C 1.8 455 C 2.6 352 M 3.5 30 1204 xc 0.4 1030 xc 0.4 870 vc 0.7 725 vc 1.1 594 C 1.7 477 C 2.4 375 M 3.4 40 1223 xc 0.3 1049 xc 0.4 889 xc 0.6 744 vc 1.0 613 c 1.6 496 c 2.3 393 M 3.2 50 1238 xc 0.3 1064 xc 0.4 904 xc 0.6 758 vc 1.0 627 c 1.5 510 c 2.2 407 M 3.1 60 1249 xc 0.3 1074 xc 0.3 914 xc 0.5 769 vc 0.9 637 c 1.4 520 c 2.1 417 M 3.0

162




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1158 xc 0.4 989 xc 0.5 834 vc 0.7 694 VC 1.1 568 C 1.7 456 C 2.4 359 M 3.4

30 1194 xc 0.3 1025 xc 0.4 870 xc 0.6 729 vc 1.0 603 c 1.6 491 c 2.3 394 M 3.2

40 1225 xc 0.3 1056 xc 0.3 901 xc 0.5 760 vc 0.9 634 VC 1.5 522 c 2.2 424 M 3.0

50 1253 xc 0.3 1083 xc 0.3 928 xc 0.5 787 vc 0.8 661 vc 1.4 548 c 2.0 451 C 2.9

60 1276 xc 0.2 1106 xc 0.2 951 xc 0.4 810 xc 0.7 683 VC 1.3 571 c 1.9 473 C 2.8

163

Table 1-17—Atomization Parameters for CP-03 Nozzle

CP-03 NOZZLE ROTARY-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 425 M 1.1 446 C 1.1 458 C 1.2 458 C 1.3 448 C 1.6 427 M 1.9 396 M 2.4

30 393 M 1.2 420 M 1.1 436 C 1.2 442 C 1.3 437 C 1.6 422 M 1.9 395 M 2.3

40 362 M 1.2 394 M 1.2 416 M 1.2 427 M 1.4 428 M 1.6 417 M 1.9 397 M 2.3

50 333 M 1.4 371 M 1.3 398 M 1.3 414 M 1.4 420 M 1.6 415 M 1.9 399 M 2.3

60 305 M 1.5 348 M 1.4 381 M 1.4 402 M 1.5 413 M 1.7 414 M 2.0 403 M 2.3



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 407 M 1.4 419 M 1.4 420 M 1.6 411 M 1.8 390 M 2.2 360 M 2.6 318 M 3.1

30 379 M 1.7 396 M 1.7 402 M 1.9 398 M 2.1 383 M 2.4 358 M 2.8 322 F 3.3

40 352 M 2.0 374 M 2.0 386 M 2.2 387 M 2.4 378 M 2.7 358 M 3.1 327 M 3.6

50 326 M 2.4 354 M 2.4 371 M 2.5 378 M 2.7 373 M 3.0 359 M 3.4 333 M 3.8

60 303 M 2.8 336 M 2.8 358 M 2.9 370 M 3.0 371 M 3.3 361 M 3.7 341 M 4.1

164




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 447 M 4.0 445 M 4.2 433 M 4.5 409 M 4.8 375 M 5.3 331 5.8 275 6.5

30 424 M 4.7 427 M 4.8 420 M 5.1 402 M 5.4 373 M 5.9 334 6.4 284 7.0

40 403 M 5.4 411 M 5.5 409 M 5.8 396 M 6.1 373 M 6.5 339 7.0 294 7.6

50 382 M 6.1 396 M 6.2 399 M 6.5 392 M 6.8 374 M 7.2 345 7.7 306 8.2

60 364 M 6.9 383 M 7.0 391 M 7.2 389 M 7.5 376 M 7.9 353 8.3 319 8.9



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 498 C 1.1 516 C 1.0 522 C 1.1 518 C 1.2 504 C 1.4 478 C 1.7 443 M 2.1

30 465 c 1.2 487 C 1.1 499 C 1.1 501 C 1.2 491 C 1.4 471 C 1.7 441 M 2.1

40 433 c 1.3 460 c 1.2 478 c 1.2 484 c 1.3 480 c 1.5 465 M 1.7 440 M 2.1

50 402 M 1.5 435 c 1.4 457 c 1.4 469 c 1.4 471 c 1.6 461 M 1.8 441 M 2.2

60 373 M 1.7 411 M 1.6 439 c 1.5 456 c 1.6 463 c 1.7 458 M 1.9 444 M 2.2

165




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 472 C 1.1 480 C 1.2 476 C 1.3 463 M 1.5 438 M 1.8 403 M 2.1 357 M 2.6

30 442 M 1.5 455 M 1.5 457 M 1.6 448 M 1.8 429 M 2.0 399 M 2.4 359 M 2.9 40 414 M 1.9 432 M 1.9 439 M 1.9 436 M 2.1 422 M 2.4 397 M 2.7 362 M 3.1

50 387 M 2.3 410 M 2.3 423 M 2.3 425 M 2.5 416 M 2.7 397 M 3.0 367 M 3.5

60 361 M 2.8 390 M 2.7 408 M 2.7 415 M 2.9 412 M 3.1 398 M 3.4 373 M 3.8



PSI

Airspeed, mpli 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 501 M 3.5 495 M 3.6 477 M 3.8 450 M 4.1 411 M 4.5 362 F 5.0 302 5.6 30 476 M 4.2 475 M 4.3 463 M 4.5 441 M 4.8 408 M 5.2 364 F 5.7 309 6.2 40 453 M 4.9 457 M 5.0 451 M 5.2 433 M 5.5 405 M 5.9 367 M 6.3 318 6.9 50 431 M 5.7 441 M 5.8 439 M 6.0 427 M 6.2 405 M 6.6 371 M 7.0 328 7.5 60 411 M 6.5 426 M 6.6 430 M 6.7 423 M 7.0 406 M 7.3 378 M 7.7 339 8.2

166



0.093 Orifice, 30*" Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 560 vc 1.2 573 VC 1.1 576 VC 1.1 568 VC 1.1 550 vc 1.3 520 C 1.6 480 M 1.9

30 525 c 1.3 544 vc 1.2 551 vc 1.2 549 vc 1.2 536 vc 1.4 512 c 1.6 477 M 2.0

40 491 c 1.5 515 c 1.4 528 c 1.3 531 vc 1.4 523 c 1.5 504 c 1.7 475 M 2.0

50 459 c 1.7 488 c 1.6 507 c 1.5 515 c 1.5 512 c 1.6 499 c 1.8 475 M 2.1

60 428 M 2.0 463 c 1.8 487 c 1.7 500 c 1.7 502 c 1.8 494 M 2.0 476 M 2.2



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 527 C 1.0 530 C 1.0 523 C 1.0 505 C 1.2 476 M 1.5 437 M 1.8 387 M 2.2

30 495 C 1.4 504 C 1.4 502 C 1.4 489 C 1.6 466 M 1.8 432 M 2.1 388 M 2.5

40 465 M 1.9 479 c 1.8 483 c 1.8 475 M 1.9 457 M 2.2 429 M 2.5 389 M 2.9

50 437 M 2.3 456 M 2.2 465 M 2.2 463 M 2.3 450 M 2.5 427 M 2.8 393 M 3.2

60 410 M 2.8 434 M 2.7 448 M 2.7 452 M 2.8 444 M 3.0 426 M 3.2 397 M 3.6

167




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 545 M 3.0 535 M 3.1 514 M 3.3 482 M 3.6 439 M 4.0 386 M 4.4 322 F 5.0

30 519 M 3.8 514 M 3.9 498 M 4.1 471 M 4.3 434 M 4.7 386 M 5.1 328 F 5.6

40 494 M 4.6 494 M 4.7 484 M 4.8 462 M 5.0 431 M 5.4 388 M 5.8 335 F 6.3

50 471 M 5.4 476 M 5.5 471 M 5.6 455 M 5.8 428 M 6.1 391 M 6.5 343 F 7.0

60 449 M 6.3 460 M 6.3 460 M 6.4 449 M 6.6 428 M 6.9 396 M 7.3 353 M 7.7



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 681 vc 1.6 685 VG 1.4 680 VG 1.3 663 VG 1.3 636 VG 1.3 598 VC 1.5 550 G 1.8 30 642 vc 1.8 652 VG 1.6 652 VG 1.5 641 VG 1.4 619 VG 1.5 587 VG 1.7 543 G 1.9 40 605 vc 2.1 621 VG 1.8 626 VG 1.7 620 VG 1.7 603 VG 1.7 576 VG 1.8 538 G 2.0 50 570 G 2.4 591 VG 2.1 601 VG 2.0 600 VG 1.9 589 VG 1.9 567 G 2.0 535 M 2.2 60 536 G 2.7 562 VG 2.4 578 VG 2.3 582 VC 2.2 576 VG 2.2 560 G 2.3 533 M 2.4

168




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 632 vc 1.0 626 VC 0.8 611 VC 0.8 584 VC 0.9 547 C 1.1 500 M 1.3 441 M 1.7

30 597 vc 1.5 597 vc 1.3 587 vc 1.3 566 vc 1.3 534 c 1.5 492 M 1.7 439 M 2.0

40 564 c 2.0 569 vc 1.8 564 VC 1.8 548 c 1.8 522 c 1.9 485 M 2.1 437 M 2.5

50 532 c 2.5 543 c 2.4 543 c 2.3 533 c 2.3 512 M 2.4 480 M 2.6 437 M 2.9

60 502 c 3.1 518 c 2.9 524 c 2.8 518 c 2.8 503 M 2.9 476 M 3.1 439 M 3.4


0.125 Orifice, 90''Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 628 C 2.4 609 C 2.4 579 C 2.5 539 M 2.7 488 M 3.0 427 M 3.3 355 F 3.8

30 599 M 3.3 585 M 3.2 561 M 3.3 526 M 3.5 480 M 3.7 424 M 4.1 357 F 4.5

40 571 M 4.1 562 M 4.1 543 M 4.2 514 M 4.3 473 M 4.5 422 M 4.9 361 F 5.3

50 544 M 5.1 541 M 5.0 528 M 5.0 503 M 5.2 468 M 5.4 422 M 5.7 366 M 6.1

60 520 M 6.0 522 M 5.9 513 M 5.9 494 M 6.1 464 M 6.2 424 M 6.5 373 M 6.9

169

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 827 vc 2.7 820 xc 2.3 802 XC 2.1 773 VC 2.0 734 VC 1.9 684 VC 2.0 624 VC 2.1

30 785 vc 3.0 783 vc 2.7 770 vc 2.4 747 vc 2.3 713 vc 2.2 668 vc 2.2 613 vc 2.3

40 743 c 3.4 747 vc 3.1 739 vc 2.8 721 VC 2.6 692 vc 2.5 653 vc 2.5 603 vc 2.6

50 704 c 3.9 712 c 3.5 710 vc 3.2 697 vc 3.0 674 vc 2.9 640 vc 2.9 595 c 2.9

60 665 c 4.3 679 c 3.9 682 c 3.6 675 vc 3.4 657 vc 3.3 628 vc 3.2 588 c 3.3



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvos DSC %<100

20 756 VC 1.4 739 VC 1.2 711 VC 1.0 672 VC 1.0 623 VC 1.0 563 C 1.1 493 M 1.4

30 717 vc 2.1 705 vc 1.8 682 vc 1.6 649 vc 1.6 605 vc 1.6 551 c 1.7 485 M 1.9 40 679 c 2.7 673 c 2.4 655 vc 2.3 627 vc 2.2 589 vc 2.2 539 c 2.2 479 M 2.4

50 643 c 3.4 642 c 3.1 630 c 2.9 607 vc 2.8 574 c 2.8 530 c 2.8 475 M 3.0 60 609 c 4.1 612 c 3.8 606 c 3.6 588 c 3.4 560 c 3.4 522 c 3.4 472 M 3.6

170




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 721 vc 2.0 690 VC 1.9 648 VC 1.8 596 C 1.9 532 M 2.0 459 M 2.3 374 M 2.6

30 687 c 3.0 661 c 2.8 625 c 2.8 578 C 2.8 520 M 3.0 451 M 3.2 372 M 3.5

40 655 c 4.0 634 c 3.8 603 c 3.8 561 C 3.8 509 M 3.9 445 M 4.1 372 M 4.4

50 624 c 5.1 609 c 4.9 583 c 4.8 546 C 4.8 499 M 4.9 441 M 5.0 372 M 5.3

60 594 M 6.1 584 c 5.9 564 c 5.8 532 G 5.8 490 M 5.9 438 M 6.0 375 M 6.3

171

Table 1-18—^Atomization Parameters for CP DR High Volume Flat Fan Nozzle

CP DR HIGH VOLUME FLAT FAN NOZZLE ROTARY-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 787 vc 0.2 726 VC 0.5 663 VC 1.0 598 VC 1.6 530 C 2.4 460 C 3.4 387 M 4.5

30 790 vc 0.3 731 vc 0.5 669 vc 0.8 604 vc 1.3 537 vc 2.0 468 c 2.8 396 M 3.8

40 795 vc 0.5 737 vc 0.5 675 VC 0.8 612 vc 1.1 546 vc 1.7 478 c 2.4 407 M 3.2

50 802 vc 0.9 744 vc 0.8 684 vc 0.9 621 vc 1.1 556 vc 1.5 488 c 2.1 418 M 2.8

60 809 vc 1.4 752 vc 1.2 693 vc 1.1 631 vc 1.3 567 vc 1.6 501 c 2.0 431 M 2.6



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 792 VC 0.4 731 VC 0.7 669 VC 1.1 603 VC 1.7 536 C 2.4 465 M 3.4 393 M 4.4 30 801 vc 0.5 741 vc 0.6 679 vc 0.9 615 vc 1.4 548 vc 2.0 479 C 2.8 407 M 3.7 40 811 vc 0.7 752 VC 0.7 691 vc 0.9 628 vc 1.2 562 vc 1.7 493 C 2.4 423 M 3.2 50 822 vc 1.1 765 vc 1.0 705 vc 1.0 642 vc 1.2 577 vc 1.6 510 C 2.1 440 M 2.8 60 835 vc 1.6 779 vc 1.4 719 vc 1.3 658 vc 1.4 594 vc 1.6 527 c 2.0 458 M 2.6

172


CP DR HIGH VOLUME FLAT FAN NOZZLE 8010 Orifice, 20° Angle ROTARY-WING

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 805 xc 0.4 744 VC 0.6 682 VC 1.0 616 VC 1.5 549 VC 2.3 479 C 3.1 406 M 4.2

30 819 vc 0.5 759 vc 0.6 697 vc 0.8 633 vc 1.2 566 vc 1.8 497 c 2.6 426 M 3.5

40 834 vc 0.7 776 VC 0.7 715 vc 0.8 651 vc 1.1 585 vc 1.5 517 c 2.2 447 M 2.9

50 851 vc 1.1 793 vc 0.9 733 vc 0.9 671 vc 1.1 606 vc 1.4 539 c 1.9 469 M 2.6

60 869 vc 1.6 813 vc 1.4 753 vc 1.2 692 vc 1.3 628 vc 1.5 561 c 1.8 492 M 2.4



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 851 XC 0.1 792 VC 0.3 731 VC 0.7 667 VC 1.3 601 VC 2.0 533 C 2.9 462 M 4.0

30 843 vc 0.2 786 vc 0.3 725 vc 0.6 663 vc 1.0 598 vc 1.6 530 C 2.4 460 M 3.3

40 838 VC 0.5 781 VC 0.5 721 vc 0.6 660 vc 1.0 595 VC 1.4 529 c 2.1 460 C 2.9

50 833 vc 1.0 777 vc 0.8 719 vc 0.9 658 vc 1.0 594 vc 1.4 529 c 1.9 461 C 2.6

60 830 vc 1.6 775 vc 1.3 717 vc 1.2 657 vc 1.3 595 vc 1.5 530 c 1.9 463 C 2.5

173




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 859 xc 0.2 800 VC 0.4 739 VC 0.8 676 VC 1.3 610 VC 2.0 541 C 2.9 471 M 3.9

30 857 vc 0.4 799 vc 0.4 739 vc 0.7 676 vc 1.1 611 vc 1.6 544 VC 2.4 474 M 3.3

40 856 vc 0.7 799 vc 0.6 740 vc 0.7 678 vc 1.0 614 vc 1.4 548 vc 2.0 479 C 2.8

50 857 vc 1.1 801 vc 1.0 743 vc 1.0 682 vc 1.1 619 vc 1.4 553 vc 1.9 485 C 2.5

60 859 vc 1.8 804 vc 1.5 747 vc 1.3 687 vc 1.4 624 vc 1.5 560 vc 1.9 492 C 2.4



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 875 XC 0.2 816 XC 0.3 755 VC 0.6 692 VC 1.1 626 VC 1.8 558 VC 2.6 487 M 3.5 30 878 XC 0.3 820 vc 0.3 760 vc 0.5 698 vc 0.9 633 vc 1.4 565 vc 2.1 496 C 3.0 40 883 vc 0.6 826 vc 0.5 767 vc 0.6 705 vc 0.8 641 VC 1.2 574 vc 1.8 506 C 2.5 50 889 vc 1.1 833 vc 0.9 774 vc 0.8 714 vc 0.9 651 vc 1.2 585 vc 1.6 517 C 2.2 60 896 vc 1.8 841 vc 1.4 784 vc 1.2 724 vc 1.2 661 vc 1.4 597 vc 1.7 530 C 2.1

174




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 877 xc 0.1 820 XC 0.3 761 VC 0.6 699 VC 1.1 635 VC 1.8 569 VC 2.6 499 C 3.6

30 859 xc 0.3 803 vc 0.4 745 vc 0.6 684 vc 1.0 621 vc 1.5 555 vc 2.2 487 c 3.1

40 842 vc 0.7 787 vc 0.6 730 vc 0.7 670 vc 1.0 607 vc 1.4 543 vc 2.0 475 c 2.7

50 827 vc 1.3 773 vc 1.1 716 vc 1.0 657 vc 1.2 596 vc 1.5 532 vc 1.9 465 c 2.5

60 813 vc 2.0 760 vc 1.6 704 vc 1.5 646 vc 1.5 585 vc 1.7 522 c 2.0 457 c 2.5



PSI

Airspeed, mpli 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 888 XC 0.2 832 XC 0.3 772 VC 0.6 711 VC 1.1 647 VC 1.7 580 VC 2.5 511 M 3.5

30 876 xc 0.4 820 vc 0.5 761 vc 0.6 700 vc 1.0 637 vc 1.5 572 vc 2.1 503 C 3.0

40 864 vc 0.8 809 vc 0.7 752 vc 0.8 692 vc 1.0 629 VC 1.4 565 VC 1.9 497 C 2.6

50 854 vc 1.4 800 vc 1.2 743 vc 1.1 684 vc 1.2 623 vc 1.4 559 vc 1.8 493 C 2.4

60 845 vc 2.1 792 vc 1.8 736 vc 1.6 678 vc 1.5 618 vc 1.6 555 vc 1.9 489 C 2.4

175

f I I



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.s DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 907 xc 0.1 851 xc 0.2 791 XC 0.5 730 vc 0.9 666 vc 1.5 599 vc 2.2 530 C 3.1 30 900 xc 0.3 844 xc 0.3 786 vc 0.5 725 vc 0.8 662 vc 1.2 596 vc 1.8 528 c 2.6 40 893 xc 0.8 838 xc 0.6 781 vc 0.6 721 vc 0.8 659 vc 1.1 594 vc 1.6 527 c 2.3 50 889 vc 1.3 834 vc 1.1 778 vc 0.9 719 vc 1.0 658 vc 1.2 594 vc 1.6 528 c 2.1 60 885 vc 2.1 832 vc 1.7 776 vc 1.4 718 vc 1.3 658 vc 1.4 595 vc 1.7 529 c 2.1

176

Table 1-19—Atomization Parameters for CP High Volume Flat Fan Nozzle

CP HIGH VOLUME FLAT FAN NOZZLE ROTARY-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 471 M 1.0 490 M 0.9 494 M 1.3 482 M 1.9 456 M 3.0 415 M 4.4 359 M 6.1

30 428 M 3.6 454 M 3.1 466 M 3.0 462 M 3.3 443 M 3.9 409 M 4.8 360 M 6.1

40 380 M 6.6 414 M 5.7 432 M 5.2 436 M 5.0 425 M 5.1 399 M 5.6 357 M 6.5

50 327 VF 10.0 368 F 8.7 394 F 7.7 405 M 7.0 402 M 6.7 383 M 6.8 349 M 7.2

60 269 VF 13.8 317 VF 12.0 351 VF 10.5 370 F 9.5 373 F 8.7 362 F 8.4 335 F 8.4



PSI

Airspeed, mpli 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 484 C 1.9 501 C 1.8 503 C 2.0 489 C 2.6 461 M 3.6 418 M 5.0 359 M 6.6 30 452 M 4.2 476 C 3.7 485 C 3.5 479 C 3.6 458 M 4.2 423 M 5.1 372 M 6.3

40 414 M 6.9 446 c 5.9 463 c 5.3 464 c 5.0 451 C 5.1 422 M 5.6 379 M 6.4

50 372 F 10.0 411 F 8.6 435 M 7.5 444 c 6.8 438 C 6.4 417 M 6.4 381 M 6.8

60 324 VF 13.4 371 VF 11.6 402 F 10.1 419 F 8.9 420 M 8.1 407 M 7.7 378 M 7.6

177

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

[)V0.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 495 C 1.4 510 G 1.3 509 C 1.5 494 G 2.0 463 M 2.9 417 M 4.2 357 M 5.8

30 473 c 3.5 495 C 2.9 502 c 2.6 494 C 2.7 471 G 3.2 433 M 4.0 380 M 5.2

40 446 c 5.9 475 C 4.8 490 G 4.1 489 G 3.8 474 G 3.8 443 G 4.2 398 M 4.9

50 414 F 8.6 451 C 7.1 473 G 6.0 480 G 5.2 471 C 4.8 448 G 4.7 410 M 5.0

60 377 VF 11.8 421 F 9.8 450 M 8.2 465 G 7.0 464 G 6.2 448 G 5.7 418 M 5.5



PSI

Airspeed, mpli 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 538 VG 1.2 557 VG 1.0 560 VG 1.1 548 VG 1.7 522 C 2.5 480 M 3.7 424 M 5.3

30 499 G 3.7 524 G 3.0 535 VG 2.7 531 G 2.8 512 C 3.2 478 M 4.0 429 M 5.2

40 454 M 6.5 487 G 5.4 506 G 4.7 509 G 4.3 497 G 4.3 471 M 4.6 429 M 5.3 50 404 F 9.7 445 F 8.2 471 G 7.0 482 G 6.2 477 G 5.7 458 M 5.6 424 M 5.9 60 349 VF 13.3 398 VF 11.3 431 F 9.7 449 F 8.5 452 M 7.6 441 M 7.0 414 M 6.8

178




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 563 vc 2.1 579 VC 1.8 580 vc 1.9 567 VC 2.4 538 C 3.2 494 C 4.3 435 M 5.8

30 534 c 4.3 557 vc 3.6 566 VC 3.2 560 vc 3.2 539 vc 3.6 502 c 4.3 451 M 5.3

40 499 c 6.8 531 c 5.6 547 c 4.8 548 c 4.4 534 c 4.3 505 c 4.6 462 C 5.2

50 460 F 9.7 499 M 8.1 523 c 6.8 531 c 6.0 525 c 5.4 504 c 5.3 467 C 5.5

60 416 VF 13.0 462 F 10.9 493 F 9.2 509 c 7.9 510 c 6.9 496 c 6.3 468 C 6.1



PSI

Airspeed, nnpli 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 584 VC 1.7 598 VC 1.4 598 VC 1.4 582 VC 1.7 551 C 2.5 505 M 3.6 444 M 5.0

30 566 vc 3.5 587 vc 2.8 594 VC 2.3 586 vc 2.3 562 VC 2.6 524 C 3.2 470 M 4.2

40 542 c 5.7 571 C 4.5 585 VC 3.7 584 VC 3.1 568 VC 3.0 537 VC 3.2 491 C 3.8

50 513 c 8.3 550 c 6.7 571 C 5.3 578 vc 4.4 569 VC 3.8 546 VC 3.6 507 C 3.7

60 479 F 11.3 524 M 9.2 553 C 7.4 566 c 6.0 565 C 5.0 549 VC 4.3 518 C 4.0

179



8020 Orifice, O"" Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 578 vc 1.6 596 VC 1.2 599 vc 1.2 587 VC 1.5 560 vc 2.2 518 C 3.3 461 M 4.7 30 542 c 3.9 567 vc 3.0 578 vc 2.6 573 vc 2.5 554 vc 2.7 519 c 3.3 470 C 4.3 40 501 c 6.5 534 c 5.3 552 c 4.4 555 c 3.8 543 vc 3.6 516 c 3.8 473 C 4.3 50 454 F 9.6 495 M 7.9 520 c 6.5 531 c 5.5 526 c 4.9 506 c 4.6 472 C 4.7 60 403 VF 13.0 451 F 10.8 484 F 9.0 502 c 7.6 504 c 6.5 492 c 5.8 465 C 5.4



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 614 VC 2.5 630 VC 2.1 631 VC 2.0 617 VC 2.2 587 VC 2.9 543 VC 3.8 484 M 5.2 30 588 c 4.5 611 vc 3.6 620 vc 3.1 613 vc 2.9 592 vc 3.1 555 vc 3.6 503 C 4.5 40 557 c 6.8 588 c 5.5 604 c 4.5 605 vc 3.9 591 vc 3.6 562 vc 3.7 517 C 4.2 50 521 F 9.5 560 c 7.8 583 c 6.3 591 c 5.3 585 c 4.6 563 vc 4.2 526 C 4.3 60 480 VF 12.6 526 F 10.4 557 c 8.5 573 c 7.0 574 c 5.9 559 c 5.1 530 C 4.7

180




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 647 vc 2.1 660 VC 1.6 659 VC 1.4 643 VC 1.6 612 VC 2.2 565 C 3.1 504 M 4.4

30 631 vc 3.7 653 vc 2.8 659 vc 2.2 650 vc 1.9 626 vc 2.1 588 VC 2.5 534 C 3.4

40 611 c 5.8 640 vc 4.4 654 vc 3.3 652 VC 2.6 636 vc 2.3 605 vc 2.4 558 vc 2.8

50 586 c 8.2 622 c 6.3 643 vc 4.8 649 vc 3.7 640 vc 3.0 617 vc 2.6 578 VC 2.5

60 555 F 10.9 599 c 8.7 628 c 6.7 641 vc 5.2 640 vc 4.0 623 vc 3.1 592 VC 2.6

CP HIGH VOLUIVIE FLAT FAN NOZZLE ROTARY-WING

8025 Orifice, O"" Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 591 VC 2.1 609 VC 1.6 611 vc 1.4 599 vc 1.5 572 VC 2.0 529 C 2.9 472 C 4.2

30 558 c 4.2 583 vc 3.2 593 vc 2.6 589 vc 2.3 569 vc 2.4 534 VC 2.8 484 c 3.6

40 520 c 6.7 553 c 5.3 571 c 4.2 573 vc 3.5 561 vc 3.1 533 vc 3.1 491 c 3.4

50 477 F 9.5 517 M 7.7 542 c 6.1 553 c 5.0 548 c 4.2 528 c 3.7 493 c 3.6

60 429 VF 12.8 477 F 10.4 509 M 8.5 527 c 6.9 529 c 5.6 517 c 4.7 489 c 4.2

181



8025 Orifice, 10*" Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 638 vc 3.0 653 VC 2.4 654 vc 2.1 639 vc 2.2 610 VC 2.7 566 VC 3.5 506 C 4.7

30 615 c 4.8 638 vc 3.8 647 vc 3.0 640 vc 2.7 618 vc 2.7 581 vc 3.1 529 c 3.8

40 588 c 7.0 619 c 5.5 634 vc 4.3 635 vc 3.5 620 vc 3.1 590 vc 3.0 546 vc 3.3

50 556 M 9.5 594 c 7.6 616 c 6.0 624 vc 4.7 617 vc 3.9 595 vc 3.4 558 vc 3.2

60 518 F 12.4 563 F 10.0 594 c 8.0 609 c 6.3 610 vc 5.0 595 vc 4.1 565 vc 3.5



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 682 VC 2.6 695 VC 1.9 694 VC 1.6 677 VC 1.6 645 VC 2.0 599 VC 2.8 537 C 3.9

30 670 vc 4.1 691 vc 3.0 697 vc 2.2 688 vc 1.8 663 vc 1.7 624 vc 2.0 570 VC 2.7

40 653 c 5.9 681 vc 4.4 695 vc 3.2 693 vc 2.3 676 vc 1.8 645 VC 1.7 598 vc 1.9

50 631 c 8.2 667 c 6.1 688 vc 4.5 693 vc 3.2 684 vc 2.3 660 vc 1.7 621 vc 1.5

60 604 M 10.8 647 c 8.3 675 vc 6.2 689 vc 4.5 687 vc 3.1 670 vc 2.1 638 vc 1.4

182




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 577 vc 2.8 594 VC 2.0 596 VC 1.7 584 VC 1.7 556 VC 2.0 513 C 2.7 456 C 3.8 30 547 c 4.7 572 G 3.5 582 vc 2.7 577 VC 2.3 557 VC 2.2 521 c 2.4 471 c 3.1 40 513 M 7.0 545 C 5.4 562 c 4.1 565 VC 3.2 552 VC 2.7 524 c 2.5 481 c 2.7

50 473 F 9.7 513 M 7.6 538 c 5.9 547 c 4.6 542 c 3.6 522 c 3.0 486 c 2.7 60 428 VF 12.7 476 F 10.2 508 M 8.1 525 c 6.3 527 c 4.9 514 c 3.8 487 c 3.1



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 635 VC 3.7 650 VC 2.9 650 VC 2.5 635 VC 2.4 605 vc 2.7 561 VC 3.3 501 C 4.3 30 616 c 5.3 638 VC 4.1 646 VC 3.2 639 VC 2.7 616 VC 2.5 579 VC 2.7 527 c 3.3 40 592 c 7.3 622 c 5.6 637 VC 4.3 637 VC 3.3 622 VC 2.7 592 VC 2.5 547 VC 2.6 50 563 F 9.6 600 c 7.5 623 c 5.8 630 VC 4.4 623 VC 3.3 601 VC 2.6 563 VC 2.3 60 528 F 12.4 573 M 9.8 603 c 7.6 619 c 5.8 619 VC 4.3 604 VC 3.1 574 VC 2.4

183




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 690 vc 3.3 703 VC 2.4 701 VC 1.9 684 VC 1.8 652 VC 2.0 605 VC 2.6 543 C 3.5

30 681 vc 4.6 702 vc 3.3 707 vc 2.3 698 vc 1.7 673 vc 1.5 634 vc 1.7 579 VC 2.1

40 668 c 6.2 696 vc 4.5 709 vc 3.1 707 VC 2.1 690 vc 1.4 658 vc 1.1 611 vc 1.2

50 649 c 8.3 685 c 6.1 705 vc 4.3 710 vc 2.8 701 vc 1.7 676 vc 0.9 637 vc 0.5

60 625 M 10.7 668 c 8.1 696 vc 5.8 709 vc 3.9 707 vc 2.3 690 vc 1.1 658 vc 0.3

184

Table 1-20—Atomization Parameters for Disc Orifice 46 Core Nozzle

DISC ORIFICE 46 CORE NOZZLE ROTARY-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 603 vc 3.3 584 VC 3.5 566 vc 3.7 547 vc 3.6 529 C 3.4 511 C 3.1 494 M 2.5

30 571 vc 2.4 558 vc 2.7 544 vc 2.9 532 vc 2.8 519 c 2.7 506 c 2.3 494 C 1.8

40 531 vc 1.9 523 c 2.2 516 c 2.4 508 c 2.4 501 c 2.2 494 c 1.9 487 C 1.4

50 484 c 1.7 482 c 2.1 479 c 2.2 477 c 2.3 475 c 2.1 474 c 1.8 472 M 1.3

60 430 c 1.9 433 c 2.2 436 c 2.4 439 M 2.5 443 M 2.4 446 M 2.1 450 M 1.6



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC r%<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 565 VC 2.8 539 VC 3.6 513 C 4.3 487 M 4.8 462 M 5.2 437 M 5.3 412 M 5.3

30 542 vc 2.0 521 c 2.9 501 c 3.6 480 M 4.1 460 M 4.5 440 M 4.7 421 M 4.7

40 511 c 1.6 496 c 2.5 481 M 3.2 466 M 3.8 451 M 4.2 437 M 4.4 422 M 4.4

50 473 M 1.5 463 M 2.4 453 M 3.2 444 M 3.8 434 M 4.2 425 M 4.4 417 M 4.5

60 427 M 1.8 422 M 2.7 418 M 3.5 414 M 4.1 410 M 4.5 407 M 4.8 403 M 4.9

185




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 522 C 2.8 488 M 4.2 455 M 5.4 422 M 6.5 389 M 7.4 356 F 8.1 324 F 8.7

30 507 c 2.1 479 M 3.5 451 M 4.8 423 M 5.9 396 M 6.8 369 M 7.6 342 F 8.2

40 485 M 1.8 462 M 3.2 440 M 4.5 417 M 5.6 395 M 6.6 373 M 7.4 352 M 8.0

50 455 M 1.8 438 M 3.3 421 M 4.6 404 M 5.7 387 M 6.7 371 M 7.5 355 M 8.1

60 418 M 2.2 406 M 3.7 395 M 5.0 383 M 6.2 372 M 7.2 361 M 8.0 350 M 8.6



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 472 M 3.3 431 M 5.2 391 M 7.0 350 F 8.6 310 10.1 270 VF 11.4 230 VF 12.5

30 466 M 2.7 431 M 4.7 395 M 6.5 360 M 8.2 326 9.6 291 10.9 256 VF 12.1

40 453 M 2.5 423 M 4.5 393 M 6.3 363 M 8.0 334 9.5 305 10.8 276 VF 12.0

50 432 M 2.6 407 M 4.7 383 M 6.5 359 M 8.2 335 9.7 311 11.1 287 VF 12.3

60 404 M 3.1 384 M 5.2 365 M 7.0 347 F 8.8 328 10.3 310 11.7 292 VF 12.9

186




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 628 vc 2.6 605 VC 2.8 584 VC 2.9 562 VC 2.9 540 C 2.7 519 C 2.3 498 M 1.7

30 595 vc 1.8 579 vc 2.1 562 vc 2.2 546 vc 2.2 530 c 2.0 514 c 1.6 499 M 1.1

40 556 vc 1.4 544 vc 1.7 533 vc 1.8 522 c 1.8 512 c 1.6 502 M 1.3 491 M 0.8

50 508 c 1.3 503 c 1.6 497 c 1.8 492 c 1.8 486 M 1.6 481 M 1.3 477 M 0.8

60 454 M 1.5 453 M 1.9 453 M 2.1 453 M 2.1 453 M 2.0 454 M 1.7 455 M 1.2



PSI

Airspeed, mpli 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 588 vc 2.1 558 VC 3.0 529 C 3.6 500 M 4.1 471 M 4.5 442 M 4.6 414 M 4.6

30 564 vc 1.5 540 c 2.3 516 C 3.0 492 M 3.5 469 M 3.9 446 M 4.1 423 M 4.1

40 533 c 1.1 514 c 2.0 496 M 2.7 478 M 3.3 460 M 3.6 442 M 3.9 425 M 3.9

50 495 M 1.2 481 M 2.1 468 M 2.8 456 M 3.4 443 M 3.7 431 M 4.0 419 M 4.0

60 449 M 1.5 441 M 2.4 433 M 3.2 426 M 3.8 419 M 4.2 412 M 4.4 405 M 4.5

187

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 542 C 2.2 505 M 3.6 468 M 4.8 432 M 5.9 395 M 6.8 359 M 7.5 324 F 8.0 30 527 M 1.6 495 M 3.1 464 M 4.3 433 M 5.4 402 M 6.3 372 M 7.0 342 F 7.6 40 505 M 1.4 479 M 2.9 453 M 4.1 427 M 5.2 402 M 6.1 377 M 6.9 352 M 7.5 50 475 M 1.6 454 M 3.0 434 M 4.3 414 M 5.4 394 M 6.4 374 M 7.1 355 M 7.8 60 438 M 2.0 423 M 3.5 408 M 4.8 393 M 5.9 378 M 6.9 364 M 7.7 350 M 8.3



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 490 M 2.8 446 M 4.7 402 M 6.5 358 M 8.1 314 9.5 271 10.8 228 VF 11.9 30 484 M 2.3 445 M 4.3 406 M 6.1 368 M 7.7 330 9.2 292 10.5 254 VF 11.6 40 470 M 2.2 437 M 4.2 404 M 6.0 371 M 7.7 338 9.1 306 10.5 273 VF 11.6 50 449 M 2.4 421 M 4.4 394 M 6.3 366 M 8.0 339 9.5 312 10.8 285 VF 12.0 60 421 M 3.0 398 M 5.0 376 M 6.9 354 F 8.6 332 10.1 310 11.5 289 VF 12.7

188




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 655 vc 2.0 630 VC 2.3 605 VC 2.4 580 VC 2.3 555 C 2.1 531 C 1.7 506 M 1.1

30 623 vc 1.3 603 vc 1.6 583 vc 1.7 564 vc 1.7 544 c 1.5 525 c 1.1 507 M 0.5

40 583 vc 1.0 569 vc 1.3 554 VC 1.4 540 c 1.4 526 c 1.2 513 M 0.9 499 M 0.3

50 536 c 1.0 527 c 1.3 518 c 1.5 509 c 1.5 501 M 1.3 493 M 1.0 485 M 0.5

60 481 M 1.3 477 M 1.7 474 M 1.9 471 M 1.9 468 M 1.7 465 M 1.4 462 M 0.9



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 613 VC 1.7 580 VC 2.5 548 C 3.1 515 M 3.6 483 M 3.9 451 M 4.1 420 M 4.1

30 589 vc 1.1 562 c 1.9 535 C 2.6 508 M 3.1 481 M 3.4 455 M 3.6 429 M 3.6

40 558 c 0.9 536 c 1.7 515 M 2.4 493 M 2.9 472 M 3.3 451 M 3.5 430 M 3.5

50 520 M 1.0 503 M 1.9 487 M 2.6 471 M 3.1 455 M 3.5 440 M 3.7 424 M 3.7

60 474 M 1.4 463 M 2.3 452 M 3.1 441 M 3.6 431 M 4.0 421 M 4.3 411 M 4.3

189




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 565 C 1.8 525 M 3.2 485 M 4.4 445 M 5.4 405 M 6.3 366 M 7.0 327 F 7.5

30 550 c 1.3 515 M 2.7 481 M 4.0 446 M 5.0 412 M 5.9 379 M 6.6 345 F 7.2

40 528 M 1.2 498 M 2.6 469 M 3.9 440 M 5.0 412 M 5.9 383 M 6.6 355 M 7.2

50 498 M 1.4 474 M 2.9 450 M 4.1 427 M 5.2 404 M 6.2 381 M 6.9 358 M 7.5

60 461 M 2.0 442 M 3.4 424 M 4.7 406 M 5.9 388 M 6.8 371 M 7.6 353 M 8.2



PSI

Airspeed, mpli 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 511 M 2.5 463 M 4.4 416 M 6.1 369 M 7.7 322 9.2 275 10.4 229 VF 11.5

30 505 M 2.1 463 M 4.0 421 M 5.8 379 M 7.4 338 8.9 296 10.2 255 VF 11.3

40 491 M 2.1 454 M 4.0 418 M 5.8 382 M 7.5 346 8.9 310 10.2 274 VF 11.4

50 470 M 2.4 439 M 4.4 408 M 6.2 377 M 7.9 346 9.4 316 10.7 286 VF 11.8

60 442 M 3.1 416 M 5.1 390 M 6.9 365 F 8.6 340 10.1 315 11.4 290 VF 12.6

190




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 686 vc 1.7 658 VC 1.9 629 VC 2.0 601 vc 1.9 573 C 1.6 545 c 1.2 518 M 0.6 30 654 vc 1.1 631 vc 1.3 608 vc 1.4 585 vc 1.4 562 c 1.1 540 c 0.7 518 M 0.2 40 614 vc 0.8 596 vc 1.1 579 vc 1.2 561 c 1.2 544 c 1.0 527 c 0.6 511 M 0.0 50 567 vc 0.9 554 c 1.2 542 c 1.4 530 c 1.3 519 c 1.1 507 M 0.8 496 M 0.3 60 512 c 1.3 505 c 1.7 498 M 1.8 492 M 1.8 485 M 1.7 479 M 1.3 474 M 0.8



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 642 VC 1.4 606 vc 2.2 570 C 2.8 534 C 3.3 499 M 3.6 464 M 3.7 429 M 3.7 30 618 vc 0.9 588 vc 1.7 557 C 2.4 527 M 2.9 497 M 3.2 467 M 3.3 438 M 3.3 40 587 vc 0.7 562 c 1.6 537 c 2.3 512 M 2.8 488 M 3.1 463 M 3.3 439 M 3.3 50 548 c 0.9 529 M 1.8 509 M 2.5 490 M 3.0 471 M 3.4 452 M 3.6 433 M 3.6 60 502 M 1.5 488 M 2.4 474 M 3.1 460 M 3.6 446 M 4.0 433 M 4.2 420 M 4.3

191




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 591 vc 1.6 548 C 2.9 505 M 4.1 462 M 5.2 419 M 6.0 376 M 6.7 334 F 7.2

30 577 c 1.2 538 c 2.6 501 M 3.8 463 M 4.8 426 M 5.7 389 M 6.4 352 M 7.0

40 554 c 1.2 522 M 2.6 489 M 3.8 457 M 4.9 425 M 5.8 393 M 6.5 362 M 7.1

50 524 M 1.5 497 M 2.9 470 M 4.1 443 M 5.2 417 M 6.2 391 M 6.9 365 M 7.5

60 487 M 2.1 465 M 3.6 444 M 4.8 422 M 5.9 401 M 6.9 381 M 7.7 360 M 8.3



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 535 C 2.3 484 M 4.2 434 M 6.0 383 M 7.5 333 8.9 283 10.2 234 VF 11.3

30 529 M 2.0 484 M 4.0 438 M 5.7 393 M 7.3 349 8.8 304 10.0 260 VF 11.1

40 515 M 2.1 475 M 4.1 436 M 5.8 396 M 7.5 357 8.9 318 10.2 279 VF 11.3

50 494 M 2.5 460 M 4.5 425 M 6.3 391 M 7.9 357 9.4 324 10.7 290 VF 11.8

60 466 M 3.3 437 M 5.3 408 M 7.1 379 F 8.7 351 10.2 322 11.6 295 VF 12.7

192




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 721 vc 1.4 689 VC 1.7 657 VC 1.7 626 VC 1.6 594 VC 1.4 563 C 0.9 533 C 0.3

30 689 vc 0.9 662 vc 1.2 636 vc 1.3 610 vc 1.2 584 vc 1.0 558 c 0.5 533 c 0.1

40 649 vc 0.8 627 vc 1.1 607 vc 1.2 586 vc 1.1 565 c 0.9 545 c 0.5 525 c 0.1

50 601 vc 1.0 585 vc 1.3 570 vc 1.4 555 c 1.4 540 c 1.1 525 c 0.8 510 c 0.2

60 546 c 1.5 536 c 1.8 526 c 2.0 516 c 1.9 507 c 1.8 497 M 1.4 488 M 0.9


D10 Orifice, dO«" Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 674 VC 1.2 635 VC 2.0 596 vc 2.6 557 C 3.1 518 C 3.4 480 M 3.5 441 M 3.4

30 650 vc 0.8 616 vc 1.6 583 vc 2.3 549 c 2.8 516 M 3.1 483 M 3.2 450 M 3.2

40 619 vc 0.8 591 vc 1.6 562 c 2.3 534 c 2.8 507 M 3.1 479 M 3.3 452 M 3.3 50 581 c 1.1 557 c 1.9 535 c 2.6 512 M 3.1 490 M 3.5 467 M 3.7 446 M 3.7

60 534 c 1.7 517 M 2.6 499 M 3.3 482 M 3.8 465 M 4.2 449 M 4.4 432 M 4.4

193




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 621 vc 1.5 575 VC 2.9 528 0 4.0 482 M 5.0 436 M 5.9 390 M 6.5 344 M 7.1

30 607 vc 1.2 565 G 2.6 524 G 3.8 483 M 4.8 443 M 5.7 402 M 6.4 362 M 6.9

40 584 c 1.3 548 C 2.7 512 M 3.9 477 M 4.9 442 M 5.8 407 M 6.5 372 M 7.1

50 554 c 1.7 524 M 3.1 493 M 4.3 463 M 5.4 434 M 6.3 404 M 7.0 375 M 7.6

60 517 M 2.4 492 M 3.8 467 M 5.1 442 M 6.2 418 M 7.1 394 M 7.9 370 F 8.5



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 563 VG 2.3 509 C 4.2 455 M 5.9 401 M 7.5 348 8.9 295 10.1 242 VF 11.2

30 557 G 2.1 508 M 4.0 460 M 5.8 411 M 7.4 363 8.8 316 10.0 268 VF 11.1

40 543 G 2.3 500 M 4.2 457 M 6.0 414 M 7.6 371 9.0 329 10.3 287 VF 11.4

50 522 M 2.8 484 M 4.7 446 M 6.5 409 M 8.2 372 9.6 335 10.9 298 VF 12.0

60 493 M 3.6 461 M 5.6 429 M 7.4 397 F 9.1 365 10.5 334 VF 11.9 302 VF 13.0

194

Table 1-21—Atomization Parameters for Disc Orifice Straight Stream Nozzle

DISC ORIFICE STRAIGHT STREAM NOZZLE ROTARY-WING


PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 847 vc 1.0 884 vc 0.8 902 VC 0.6 900 VC 0.5 878 VC 0.6 836 VC 0.6 774 VC 0.8

30 737 vc 1.2 787 vc 1.0 817 vc 0.8 828 vc 0.7 819 vc 0.7 790 vc 0.8 742 vc 1.0 40 642 vc 1.4 705 vc 1.1 748 vc 1.0 772 vc 0.9 776 vc 0.8 760 vc 0.9 725 vc 1.0

50 562 vc 1.5 638 vc 1.2 695 vc 1.0 731 vc 0.9 748 xc 0.9 746 vc 0.9 723 vc 1.1

60 498 c 1.5 587 vc 1.2 657 vc 1.0 706 xc 0.9 736 xc 0.8 746 xc 0.9 737 xc 1.0



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 838 vc 1.3 874 VC 1.1 891 VC 1.0 887 VC 1.0 864 VC 1.1 821 VC 1.2 759 VC 1.5 30 721 vc 1.6 770 vc 1.4 800 vc 1.3 809 vc 1.3 799 vc 1.3 769 vc 1.5 720 vc 1.7 40 620 vc 1.8 682 vc 1.6 724 vc 1.5 747 vc 1.5 750 vc 1.5 733 vc 1.6 696 vc 1.8 50 534 vc 2.0 609 vc 1.8 664 vc 1.6 700 vc 1.6 716 vc 1.6 712 vc 1.7 688 vc 1.9 60 464 c 2.1 552 vc 1.8 620 vc 1.7 668 vc 1.6 697 xc 1.6 706 xc 1.7 695 vc 1.9

195


DISC ORIFICE STRAIGHT STREAM NOZZLE D4 Orifice, 20° Angle ROTARY-WING

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 836 vc 1.1 871 vc 1.0 886 vc 0.9 882 VC 1.0 858 VC 1.1 814 VC 1.3 750 VC 1.6

30 713 vc 1.5 761 vc 1.3 789 vc 1.3 797 vc 1.3 786 vc 1.4 755 vc 1.6 704 vc 1.8

40 605 vc 1.7 666 vc 1.6 707 vc 1.5 728 VC 1.5 730 vc 1.6 712 vc 1.8 674 vc 2.0

50 513 c 1.9 586 vc 1.8 641 vc 1.7 675 vc 1.7 690 vc 1.8 684 vc 1.9 660 vc 2.1

60 436 c 2.1 522 c 1.9 590 vc 1.8 637 vc 1.8 665 vc 1.8 672 vc 2.0 661 vc 2.2



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 884 VC 0.8 911 VC 0.6 917 VC 0.5 904 VC 0.5 871 VC 0.5 819 VC 0.7 746 vc 0.9

30 787 vc 1.0 827 vc 0.8 846 vc 0.7 846 vc 0.6 826 vc 0.7 786 vc 0.8 727 vc 1.0

40 706 vc 1.1 758 vc 0.9 790 vc 0.7 803 xc 0.7 796 xc 0.7 770 vc 0.8 723 vc 1.0

50 640 vc 1.1 705 vc 0.9 750 xc 0.7 776 xc 0.7 782 xc 0.7 769 xc 0.7 735 vc 0.9

60 589 vc 1.1 667 vc 0.8 726 xc 0.7 765 xc 0.6 784 xc 0.6 783 xc 0.6 762 xc 0.8

196




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 876 vc 1.2 901 VC 1.0 906 xc 1.0 892 VC 1.0 858 VC 1.1 804 VC 1.3 731 VC 1.5

30 772 vc 1.4 810 vc 1.2 829 vc 1.2 827 vc 1.2 806 vc 1.2 766 vc 1.4 705 vc 1.7

40 684 vc 1.5 735 VC 1.4 766 vc 1.3 778 xc 1.3 770 vc 1.3 742 vc 1.5 695 vc 1.7

50 611 vc 1.6 675 vc 1.4 720 vc 1.3 744 xc 1.3 749 xc 1.4 735 xc 1.5 700 vc 1.7

60 554 vc 1.6 631 VC 1.4 689 xc 1.3 726 xc 1.3 744 xc 1.3 742 xc 1.5 721 xc 1.7



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 874 xc 0.9 898 XC 0.9 902 XC 0.9 887 xc 0.9 851 VC 1.1 797 VC 1.3 722 vc 1.6

30 764 vc 1.2 801 vc 1.1 818 xc 1.1 815 xc 1.2 793 vc 1.3 751 vc 1.5 690 vc 1.8

40 669 vc 1.5 719 vc 1.3 749 vc 1.3 760 vc 1.3 751 VC 1.5 722 vc 1.7 673 vc 2.0

50 590 vc 1.6 653 vc 1.5 696 vc 1.4 720 vc 1.4 723 vc 1.6 707 vc 1.7 672 vc 2.0

60 526 c 1.7 602 vc 1.5 659 vc 1.5 695 vc 1.5 712 xc 1.6 709 vc 1.7 686 vc 2.0

197




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 915 vc 0.7 931 xc 0.5 926 XC 0.5 902 VC 0.5 859 VC 0.6 795 vc 0.7 712 VC 1.0 30 831 vc 0.8 860 vc 0.6 869 xc 0.5 857 xc 0.5 827 vc 0.6 776 vc 0.8 706 vc 1.0 40 763 vc 0.8 805 vc 0.6 826 xc 0.5 828 xc 0.5 810 xc 0.6 773 vc 0.7 716 vc 0.9 50 711 vc 0.8 765 vc 0.6 800 xc 0.5 814 xc 0.4 810 xc 0.5 785 xc 0.6 741 vc 0.8 60 673 vc 0.7 741 xc 0.5 788 xc 0.3 816 xc 0.3 824 xc 0.3 813 xc 0.4 781 xc 0.6



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 906 XC 1.0 921 XC 0.9 915 XC 0.9 890 XC 1.0 845 VC 1.1 781 VC 1.3 696 vc 1.6 30 816 vc 1.2 843 xc 1.1 851 xc 1.0 839 xc 1.1 807 vc 1.2 755 vc 1.4 684 vc 1.7 40 742 vc 1.3 782 xc 1.1 802 xc 1.1 803 xc 1.1 784 xc 1.2 745 vc 1.4 687 vc 1.7 50 682 vc 1.3 736 vc 1.1 769 xc 1.1 783 xc 1.1 /// xc 1.2 751 xc 1.4 706 vc 1.6 60 639 vc 1.2 705 vc 1.1 751 xc 1.0 778 xc 1.0 785 xc 1.1 772 xc 1.2 740 xc 1.5

198



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 904 xc 0.8 918 XC 0.8 911 XC 0.8 885 XC 0.9 839 XC 1.1 773 vc 14 688 VC 1.7

30 808 xc 1.0 834 xc 1.0 840 xc 1.0 827 xc 1.1 794 vc 1.3 741 vc 1.5 669 vc 1.9

40 727 vc 1.2 766 xc 1.1 785 xc 1.1 785 xc 1.2 765 vc 1.4 725 vc 1.6 665 VC 1.9

50 661 vc 1.3 713 vc 1.2 745 xc 1.2 758 xc 1.2 751 vc 1.4 724 vc 1.6 677 vc 1.9

60 611 vc 1.3 676 vc 1.2 721 vc 1.1 747 xc 1.2 752 xc 1.3 739 vc 1.5 705 vc 1.8


PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 939 XC 0.6 944 XC 0.5 929 XC 0.4 894 XC 0.5 839 VC 0.6 765 VC 0.8 671 VC 1.1

30 869 vc 0.6 887 xc 0.5 884 xc 0.4 863 xc 0.5 821 vc 0.6 759 vc 0.8 678 vc 1.0

40 814 vc 0.6 845 xc 0.4 856 xc 0.4 847 xc 0.4 818 XC 0.5 769 vc 0.6 701 vc 0.9

50 775 vc 0.5 819 xc 0.3 842 xc 0.2 846 xc 0.2 830 xc 0.3 795 xc 0.5 740 vc 0.7

60 751 vc 0.3 808 xc 0.1 844 xc 0.0 861 xc 0.1 859 xc 0.1 836 xc 0.2 794 xc 0.4

199

DIO Orifice, 1 Qu'Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 931 xc 0.9 934 XC 0.8 918 XC 0.9 882 XC 1.0 826 VC 1.1 750 VC 1.4 655 VC 1.7 30 854 xc 1.0 870 xc 0.9 867 xc 0.9 844 xc 1.0 801 vc 1.2 738 vc 1.4 656 vc 1.7 40 793 vc 1.0 822 xc 0.9 832 xc 0.9 821 xc 1.0 792 xc 1.1 742 vc 1.4 673 vc 1.7 50 747 vc 1.0 789 xc 0.9 812 xc 0.8 815 xc 0.9 798 xc 1.0 761 vc 1.2 705 vc 1.5 60 717 vc 0.9 772 vc 0.7 807 xc 0.7 823 xc 0.7 819 xc 0.8 796 xc 1.0 752 vc 1.3



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 929 XC 0.7 931 XC 0.7 914 XC 0.8 876 XC 0.9 820 XC 1.1 743 VC 1.5 646 VC 1.9 30 845 xc 0.9 861 xc 0.8 856 xc 0.9 832 xc 1.0 788 vc 1.2 724 vc 1.5 641 vc 1.9 40 778 vc 0.9 806 xc 0.9 814 xc 0.9 803 xc 1.1 772 vc 1.3 721 vc 1.5 651 vc 1.9 50 725 vc 0.9 767 vc 0.9 788 xc 0.9 790 xc 1.0 772 vc 1.2 734 vc 1.5 676 vc 1.8 60 689 vc 0.9 743 vc 0.8 777 vc 0.8 792 xc 0.9 787 vc 1.1 762 vc 1.3 717 vc 1.7

200

D12 Orifice, Qu'Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 957 xc 0.5 951 XC 0.4 925 XC 0.4 879 VC 0.5 814 VC 0.6 728 VC 0.9 623 VC 1.2

30 900 vc 0.4 907 xc 0.4 894 xc 0.3 861 vc 0.4 809 vc 0.6 736 vc 0.8 644 vc 1.1

40 859 vc 0.3 879 xc 0.2 878 xc 0.2 859 xc 0.3 819 vc 0.4 760 vc 0.6 681 vc 0.9

50 833 vc 0.2 866 xc 0.0 878 xc 0.1 872 xc 0.0 845 xc 0.2 799 vc 0.4 732 vc 0.6 60 823 vc 0.1 868 xc 0.1 894 xc 0.1 900 xc 0.1 886 xc 0.1 853 xc 0.0 800 vc 0.3



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo,5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 949 XC 0.8 941 XC 0.8 914 XC 0.8 867 XC 1.0 800 VC 1.2 714 vc 1.5 608 vc 1.9 30 885 xc 0.8 891 xc 0.8 876 xc 0.8 842 xc 1.0 789 vc 1.2 715 vc 1.4 622 vc 1.8

40 837 vc 0.8 856 xc 0.7 854 XC 0.8 833 xc 0.9 793 vc 1.1 732 vc 1.3 652 vc 1.7 50 805 vc 0.7 836 vc 0.6 848 xc 0.6 840 xc 0.7 812 vc 0.9 765 vc 1.1 697 vc 1.5 60 788 vc 0.5 832 vc 0.4 857 XC 0.4 862 xc 0.5 847 xc 0.6 813 vc 0.9 758 vc 1.2

201

1 I




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 947 xc 0.6 938 XC 0.6 910 XC 0.8 862 XC 0.9 794 VC 1.2 706 VC 1.6 599 VC 2.0

30 877 xc 0.7 881 xc 0.7 866 xc 0.8 831 xc 1.0 776 vc 1.2 701 vc 1.6 607 vc 2.0

40 822 vc 0.7 840 xc 0.7 837 xc 0.8 815 vc 1.0 773 vc 1.2 712 vc 1.5 630 vc 1.9

50 783 vc 0.7 814 vc 0.6 824 vc 0.7 815 vc 0.8 786 vc 1.1 737 vc 1.4 669 vc 1.8

60 760 vc 0.5 803 vc 0.5 827 vc 0.5 831 vc 0.7 815 vc 0.9 779 vc 1.2 723 vc 1.6

202

Table 1-22—Atomization Parameters for RD Raindrop Drift Reduction Nozzle

RD RAINDROP DRIFT REDUCTION NOZZLE ROTARY-WING

RD4 Orifice, 0° Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 751 vc 1.6 668 C 1.4 593 C 1.5 526 M 1.7 466 M 2.0 414 M 2.4 369 M 3.0

30 717 c 1.7 640 c 1.5 570 M 1.5 508 M 1.6 453 M 1.9 407 M 2.3 368 M 2.8

40 684 c 1.9 612 c 1.6 548 M 1.6 491 M 1.6 442 M 1.8 400 M 2.1 367 M 2.6

50 652 c 2.1 585 c 1.8 526 M 1.6 475 M 1.6 431 M 1.7 395 M 2.0 366 M 2.4

60 620 c 2.3 559 M 1.9 505 M 1.7 459 M 1.6 420 M 1.7 389 M 1.9 366 F 2.2



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 756 VC 1.5 671 VC 1.4 594 c 1.5 525 M 1.7 463 M 2.0 409 M 2.5 363 M 3.1

30 722 vc 1.7 643 vc 1.5 571 C 1.5 507 M 1.6 451 M 1.9 402 M 2.3 361 M 2.9

40 689 vc 1.9 615 vc 1.6 549 c 1.6 490 M 1.6 439 M 1.8 396 M 2.2 360 M 2.7

50 657 vc 2.0 588 c 1.8 527 c 1.6 474 M 1.6 428 M 1.8 390 M 2.1 359 M 2.5

60 625 vc 2.2 562 c 1.9 506 M 1.7 458 M 1.6 417 M 1.7 385 M 1.9 360 M 2.3

203




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 760 vc 1.4 674 VC 1.3 595 C 1.4 523 M 1.6 460 M 1.9 404 M 2.4 355 M 3.0

30 727 vc 1.5 645 vc 1.4 572 c 1.4 506 M 1.6 447 M 1.8 397 M 2.3 354 M 2.8

40 694 vc 1.7 618 vc 1.5 549 c 1.5 489 M 1.5 436 M 1.8 390 M 2.1 353 M 2.6

50 661 vc 1.9 591 c 1.7 528 c 1.5 472 M 1.5 425 M 1.7 385 M 2.0 352 M 2.4

60 629 vc 2.1 564 c 1.8 507 c 1.6 457 M 1.6 414 M 1.7 380 M 1.9 353 M 2.3



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 977 VC 0.5 877 VC 0.5 784 VC 0.6 699 VC 0.9 622 VC 1.3 552 C 1.8 490 M 2.5 30 950 vc 0.6 855 vc 0.5 767 vc 0.6 688 vc 0.8 616 vc 1.1 551 C 1.6 495 M 2.3 40 923 vc 0.7 833 vc 0.6 751 vc 0.6 677 vc 0.7 610 vc 1.0 551 c 1.4 500 M 2.0 50 897 vc 0.8 813 vc 0.6 736 vc 0.6 667 vc 0.7 606 vc 0.9 552 C 1.3 506 M 1.8 60 872 vc 1.0 793 vc 0.7 721 vc 0.6 658 vc 0.6 602 c 0.8 553 c 1.1 513 M 1.5

204

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 978 vc 0.4 876 VC 0.5 781 VC 0.6 694 VC 0.9 615 vc 1.3 544 C 1.9 480 M 2.6 30 951 vc 0.6 854 vc 0.5 765 vc 0.6 683 vc 0.8 609 vc 1.2 543 c 1.7 484 M 2.3 40 924 vc 0.7 832 vc 0.6 749 vc 0.6 672 vc 0.8 604 vc 1.1 543 c 1.5 489 M 2.1 50 898 vc 0.8 812 vc 0.7 733 vc 0.6 662 vc 0.7 599 vc 1.0 543 c 1.3 495 M 1.9 60 873 vc 1.0 792 vc 0.8 718 vc 0.7 653 vc 0.7 595 vc 0.9 545 c 1.2 502 M 1.6



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 20 979 vc 0.3 874 VC 0.3 778 VC 0.5 689 VC 0.8 608 vc 1.2 534 C 1.8 469 M 2.6 30 951 vc 0.4 852 vc 0.4 761 vc 0.5 678 vc 0.7 602 vc 1.1 534 C 1.6 473 M 2.3 40 925 vc 0.6 831 VC 0.5 745 vc 0.5 667 vc 0.7 597 vc 1.0 534 c 1.5 479 M 2.1 50 899 vc 0.7 810 vc 0.6 730 vc 0.5 657 vc 0.6 592 vc 0.9 534 c 1.3 484 M 1.8 60 873 vc 0.9 790 VC 0.7 715 vc 0.6 648 vc 0.6 588 vc 0.8 535 c 1.2 491 M 1.6

205




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1110 xc 0.1 992 XC 0.0 882 VC 0.3 779 VC 0.6 684 VC 1.2 597 VC 1.8 518 C 2.6 30 1089 xc 0.0 976 xc 0.0 871 vc 0.2 774 vc 0.5 685 vc 1.0 603 vc 1.6 529 c 2.3 40 1068 xc 0.1 961 xc 0.1 862 vc 0.2 770 vc 0.4 685 vc 0.8 609 VC 1.3 540 c 2.0 50 1048 xc 0.2 947 vc 0.1 852 vc 0.1 766 vc 0.3 687 vc 0.6 616 vc 1.1 552 c 1.7 60 1029 xc 0.3 933 vc 0.1 844 vc 0.1 763 vc 0.2 689 vc 0.5 623 vc 0.9 565 c 1.4



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1107 XC 0.1 987 XC 0.0 875 VC 0.3 770 VC 0.7 674 VC 1.2 585 VC 1.9 503 C 2.7

30 1086 xc 0.0 971 xc 0.0 865 vc 0.2 765 vc 0.6 674 vc 1.0 590 vc 1.6 514 c 2.4

40 1065 xc 0.1 956 xc 0.1 855 vc 0.2 761 vc 0.5 675 vc 0.9 596 vc 1.4 526 c 2.1

50 1046 xc 0.2 942 xc 0.1 846 vc 0.2 757 vc 0.4 676 vc 0.7 603 vc 1.2 538 c 1.8

60 1027 xc 0.3 928 xc 0.2 837 vc 0.2 754 vc 0.3 679 vc 0.6 611 vc 1.0 551 c 1.6

206




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1103 xc 0.1 982 XC 0.1 868 VC 0.2 761 VC 0.6 663 VC 1.1 572 VC 1.8 488 M 2.7

30 1082 xc 0.1 966 xc 0.1 857 vc 0.1 756 vc 0.5 663 vc 1.0 577 vc 1.6 499 M 2.4

40 1062 xc 0.1 951 xc 0.1 848 vc 0.1 752 vc 0.4 664 vc 0.8 584 vc 1.4 511 M 2.1

50 1042 xc 0.1 937 xc 0.0 839 vc 0.1 748 vc 0.3 665 vc 0.7 590 vc 1.2 523 M 1.8

60 1023 xc 0.2 923 vc 0.1 830 vc 0.1 745 vc 0.2 668 vc 0.5 598 c 1.0 536 M 1.5



PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1149 xc 0.1 1013 XC 0.2 886 VC 0.5 766 VC 1.0 653 VC 1.6 548 VC 2.3 451 M 3.2

30 1134 xc 0.0 1004 xc 0.1 882 vc 0.4 767 vc 0.8 660 vc 1.4 560 vc 2.1 469 C 2.9

40 1120 xc 0.0 995 xc 0.1 878 vc 0.3 769 vc 0.7 667 vc 1.2 573 vc 1.8 487 C 2.5

50 1106 xc 0.1 987 xc 0.1 875 vc 0.2 771 vc 0.5 675 vc 1.0 586 vc 1.5 505 C 2.2

60 1094 xc 0.2 980 xc 0.1 873 vc 0.2 775 vc 0.4 683 vc 0.8 600 vc 1.3 524 M 1.9

207




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1142 xc 0.1 1005 XC 0.2 875 vc 0.5 753 vc 1.0 639 VC 1.7 532 VC 2.4 433 M 3.3

30 1127 xc 0.0 995 xc 0.2 871 vc 0.4 754 vc 0.9 645 vc 1.4 544 vc 2.1 450 M 3.0 40 1113 xc 0.1 987 xc 0.1 868 vc 0.4 756 vc 0.7 653 vc 1.2 557 vc 1.9 468 M 2.7

50 1100 xc 0.1 978 xc 0.1 865 vc 0.3 759 vc 0.6 660 vc 1.0 570 vc 1.6 487 M 2.3

60 1087 xc 0.2 971 xc 0.1 863 vc 0.2 762 vc 0.5 669 vc 0.9 584 vc 1.4 506 M 2.0


RDI O Orifice, 20° Angle

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1135 XC 0.1 996 XC 0.1 864 VC 0.4 740 VC 0.9 624 VC 1.6 515 C 2.4 414 M 3.3 30 1120 xc 0.1 986 xc 0.1 860 vc 0.4 741 vc 0.8 630 vc 1.4 527 c 2.1 432 M 3.0 40 1106 xc 0.1 977 xc 0.0 857 vc 0.3 743 vc 0.7 638 vc 1.2 540 c 1.8 449 M 2.6 50 1093 xc 0.0 969 xc 0.0 854 vc 0.2 746 vc 0.5 646 vc 1.0 553 c 1.6 468 M 2.3 60 1080 xc 0.1 962 xc 0.1 852 vc 0.2 749 vc 0.4 654 vc 0.8 567 c 1.4 487 M 2.0

208

PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Dva.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100 Dvo.5 DSC %<100

20 1094 xc 0.6 941 XC 0.9 796 VC 1.3 658 VC 1.9 529 C 2.6 406 M 3.4 292 M 4.4 30 1086 xc 0.6 938 xc 0.8 798 vc 1.2 666 vc 1.7 541 VC 2.3 425 M 3.1 315 M 4.0 40 1078 xc 0.6 936 XC 0.7 801 vc 1.0 674 vc 1.5 555 vc 2.1 443 C 2.8 339 M 3.7 50 1071 xc 0.6 934 xc 0.7 805 vc 0.9 683 vc 1.3 569 vc 1.8 463 M 2.5 364 M 3.3 60 1064 xc 0.6 933 vc 0.6 809 vc 0.8 693 vc 1.1 584 vc 1.6 483 M 2.2 390 M 2.9



PSI

Airspeed, mpli 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1084 XC 0.6 929 xc 0.9 782 VC 1.3 642 VC 1.9 510 C 2.7 386 M 3.5 270 F 4.5 30 1075 xc 0.6 926 xc 0.8 784 vc 1.2 650 vc 1.7 523 C 2.4 404 M 3.2 293 M 4.2 40 1067 xc 0.6 923 xc 0.8 787 vc 1.1 658 vc 1.6 537 vc 2.2 423 M 2.9 317 M 3.8 50 1060 xc 0.6 921 xc 0.7 790 vc 1.0 667 vc 1.4 551 vc 1.9 443 M 2.6 342 M 3.4 60 1054 xc 0.6 920 vc 0.7 794 vc 0.9 676 vc 1.2 566 vc 1.7 463 M 2.3 368 M 3.1

209




PSI

Airspeed, mph 30 40 50 60 70 80 90


20 1072 xc 0.5 916 vc 0.8 767 VC 1.3 625 VC 1.9 491 C 2.6 365 M 3.5 247 F 4.5

30 1064 xc 0.5 913 vc 0.7 769 vc 1.1 633 vc 1.7 504 c 2.4 384 M 3.2 270 F 4.1

40 1056 xc 0.5 910 vc 0.7 772 vc 1.0 641 vc 1.5 518 c 2.1 402 M 2.9 295 M 3.8

50 1049 xc 0.5 909 vc 0.6 775 vc 0.9 650 vc 1.3 532 c 1.9 422 M 2.6 320 M 3.4

60 1043 xc 0.5 907 vc 0.6 780 vc 0.8 659 vc 1.2 547 c 1.7 442 M 2.3 345 M 3.1

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