1 albrecht wagner desy - overview mission: development, construction and running of accelerators...
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1Albrecht Wagner
DESY - Overview
Mission: • Development, construction and running of accelerators
• Exploit the accelerators for particle physics and research with synchrotron-radiation (SR)
Budget: 165 M€ (2002)
Staff: 1560 in Hamburg and Zeuthen (including temp. staff)
Internationally used, nationally funded Research Institute
Accelerator development
Photon ResearchSR & FEL
Exp. & Theor. Particle Physics
Particle Physics at HERA: 1100 Scientists (25 countr) 700 from abroad
Research with SR: 2000 Scientists (33 countr) 700 from abroad
XFEL and SC e+e LC 1000 Scientists (36 countr)
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DESY - Research
• Study of the structure of matter from macroscopic to atomic scale at DORIS, PETRA and XFEL
• Structure of elementary particles, forces + origin of mass at (DORIS, PETRA), HERA, and a future LC
• Theory in particle physics + cosmology (including lattice gauge theory + development of specialised computers)
• Origin of cosmic high energy neutrinos (Amanda, IceCube at the South Pole)
• Detector R&D
• Accelerator R&D
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DESY’s Accelerators - today
TTF-Linac:
Photo-Injector at Zeuthen:
DESY-DORIS-PETRA-HERA:In total 16 km of accelerators
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HERA
Assure continued operation of HERA
Assure high integrated luminosity for the three experiments H1, ZEUS, HERMES until the end of running of HERA, December 2006/June 2007
Lifetime: 1992 - 2007
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HERA
Questions:
• How big are electron and quark
• What is the proton made of
• Which properties do the fundamental forces have
• What is the origin of spin
• Are there new phenomena
First collisions in 1992
Luminosity upgrade in 2000
HERA: Microscope - unique world-wide - with a resolution
of 1/1000 of proton radius (10-18 m)
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HERA Running
The HERA performance is further improving, the currents are increasing (Ip: >90 mA (90); Ie: >40 mA (50))
The background conditions even at high currents are good, but coasting beam and spikes need to be removed
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Integrated Luminosity
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Internationality at DESY
Particle physics experiments at DESY711 scientists from abroad
Netherlands
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Russia @ DESY
Plus R&D for LC
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Astroparticle physics
Original contributions to the field in framework of international major projects
Amanda/Icecube am Südpol
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HASYLAB: DESY’s Synchrotron-Radiation Laboratory
DORIS:
40 beam lines
80 experimental stations
7 operated by EMBL
1 operated by Max Planck Soc.
High photon flux, ideal for studying large samples
PETRA II:
1 undulator beam, 2 experiments, operation together with HERA
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PETRA III Layout
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DESY Strategy 2005 – 2009: PETRA III
Strategy:
• start of reconstruction: 2007• first users: 2009
• very low emittance mainly for hard X-rays• open for future upgrades • concept of outstations (e.g. EMBL, GKSS)
• 13 independent undulator beamlines, of which• 7 undulator beamlines built and operated by DESY• 1.5 beamlines financed by MPG (construction and operation)• 4-5 undulator beamlines expected to be operated in collaboration with external institutions (GKSS, EMBL, …)
• provide users with first class sample environment and a service comparable to ESRF
Parameters:
- rebuilt of 1/8 of PETRA- refurbishment of 7/8 of PETRA- energy: 6 GeV- top up operation mode
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XFEL a revolutionary photon
source
The excellent beam properties in the superconducting TESLA-LINAC allow to use the SASE (Self Amplifying Spontaneous Emission) principle
Brillance:gain ~ 109 compared to existing facilitiesPhoton beam:• X-rays at 0.1 nm• Full coherence (Laser)• Pulse length < 100 fs (time scale of chemical reactions) • Energy tuneable
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The Story of SC Cavities
Development of Gradients in superconducting RF cavities
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
Gra
die
nt
(MV
/m)
World Average
CEBAF
TESLA
TESLA
TESLA el.polish
SC RF structures for accelerators were developed in many countries
To meet the challenge of high gradients needed for high energy Linear Colliders the TESLA collaboration has attracted ~ all the world expertise in SC, thus leading to major progress
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The TESLA Collaboration
• The TESLA Collaboration:
-at present 55 Institutes in 12 countries
These institutes have contributed through hardware, manpower, and ideas to the facility and share the know-how concerning the construction and operation of the Sc linac
JINR is member since 1995, many important contributions
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Science with the X-FEL
Movies of chemical reactions
Main fields of research with the X-FEL:Main fields of research with the X-FEL:
• atomic, molecular and cluster phenomena, plasma physics
• non-linear processes and quantum optics
• condensed matter physics and materials science
• ultra-fast chemistry and life-sciences
Plasma physics
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Experience with TTF
Proof of principle and first FEL-experiments at TTF I
laser driven
electron gun
photon beam
diagnostics
undulatorbunch
compressor
superconducting accelerator modules
pre-accelerator
e- beam diagnostics
e- beam diagnostics
Tasks:
Test of all components
Operation for > 13 000 h
Proof of Laser
Base for costing
Conclusion:
The technical readiness has been demonstrated
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Proof of the new Laser Principle
2/1 E Transverse coherence
Tuning of wave length
The measured properties of the laser agree in all aspects with the theoretical expectations
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250 m
RF gun
FEL experimenta
l area
bypass
4 MeV 150 MeV 450 MeV 1000 MeV
undulators
collimatorbunch compressorLaser
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7
bunch compressor
TTF and the VUV-FEL
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Steering Committee
chairman: H. Schunck (German Ministry of Science and Technology)
kick-off meeting: Febr. 2nd, 2004
Working Group on
Administrative & Funding Issues
chairman: H.-F. Wagner(German Ministry of Science and Technology
kick-off meeting: March 19th, 2004
Working Group on
Scientific & Technical Issues
chairman: F. Sette(ESRF, Grenoble, France)
kick-off meeting: April 1st/2nd, 2004
2nd meeting of Steering Committee: May 26th, 2004
European Steering and Working Groups
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XFEL Site Proposalplanned LC
Site chosen
to make maximum use of DESY infrastructure
to avoid interference XFEL/LC
Preparation of legal approval
‘Staatsvertrag’ in preparation
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2000 m 1200 m
start in 2005 ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● complete in 2011
time schedule
European XFEL Laboratory
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Linear Collider
Play leading role in this new develpoment of particle physics
Continue R&D in international context, to prepare the German participation in a world-wide project
The Technical Design Report incl. cost was published in March 2001
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The Scientific Case for a LC
A world-wide consensus has formed for a baseline LC project in which positrons collide with electrons at energies up to 500 GeV, with luminosity above 1034 cm-2s-1.
The energy should be upgradable to about 1 TeV.
Above this firm baseline, several options are envisioned whose priority will depend upon the nature of the discoveries made at the LHC and in the initial LC operation.
The consensus document has been signed by > 2600 scientists from all around the world. http://www-flc.desy.de/lcsurvey/
Substantial overlap in running with LHC recommended
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e+e- Colliders:The Challenges
The challenges:
Luminosity: high charge density (1010), > 10,000 bunches/s
very small vertical emittance (damping rings, linac)
tiny beam size (5*500 nm) (final focus)
Energy: high accelerating gradient (> 25 MV/m, 500 - 1000 GeV)
To meet these challenges: A lot of R&D on LC’s world-wide
For E > 200 GeV need to build linear colliders
Proof of principle:
SLC
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High Gradients in EP nine-cell Cavities
AC70: gradient of 39.4 MV/m at 2K using EP at DESY not treated at 1400 C
High gradients is a high priority item at DESY and in TESLA collab.
1,00E+09
1,00E+10
1,00E+11
0 10 20 30 40
Eacc [MV/m]
Q0
2 K
1,8 K
1,6 K
1011
109
1010 Test of 1/8th of a TESLA cryomodule at 5 Hz, 500 s fill, 800s flat-top->35 MV/m with no interruption related to cavity-coupler-klystron for more than 1000 hours
No field emission
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Next Milestones towards a Global Linear Collider
2004 Selection of Collider Technology (warm or cold) and setting up of an international project team with branches in America, Asia and Europe
Continuation of discussion between funding agencies
Further studies of organisation structures
2005 Start of work of project teams (‚Global Design Initiative‘)
2006 Completion of the project layout (CDR) including costing
2007 Submission of TDR to governments to go ahead with LC
2009 Start major spending
2015 Start of commissioning
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The Elements of DESY
The strength of DESY lies in its structure:
Accelerators & Development
Photon ResearchSR & FELs
Exp. & Theor. Particle Physics
Current Projects:
HERA
DORIS
VUV-FEL + Photoinjector
Amanda/Icecube
Upgrade Project: PETRA SREuropean Facility:
XFEL
Planned Global Project:
LC
Leading role in accelerator development (SC RF acceleration)
Clearly defined projects for the next 15-20 years
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DESY Summary
• DESY has a long history in particle physics, research with synchrotron radiation and accelerator development. These field are of strong mutual benefit for each other
• Very successful development of the superconducting accelerating technology in international partnership
• The activities of the TESLA collaboration have influenced significantly many other accelerator projects
• The European X-FEL laboratory will provide a new generation of photon source based on the TESLA technology
• Strong world enthusiasm for a LC, aiming at political decision in 2007