1

Ashcraft's Computer Hardware Components Schema

Ashcraft, Mark H. 1994. Human Memory and Cognition, second edition. New York: Harper Collins College Publishers, p. 46.

2

Ashcraft's Memory Component Schema for Information Processing

Ashcraft, Mark H. 1994. Human Memory and Cognition, second edition. New York: Harper Collins College Publishers, p. 51.

3

Carroll's General Model of Information Processing

Carroll, David W. 1994. Psychology of Language, second edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, p. 49. (Third edition, 1999, p. 47)

4

Ashcraft's Human Information Processing System

Ashcraft, Mark H. 1994. Human Memory and Cognition, second edition. New York: Harper Collins College Publishers, p. 68.

5

H P Q KH P Q KM Y O BM Y O BZ S D JZ S D J

P I Y RP I Y RE T G FE T G FL C V KL C V K

6

2 3 0 1 8 2 3 0 1 8 3 8 6 4 2 1 3 8 6 4 2 1 7 3 9 4 8 2 7 7 3 9 4 8 2 7 2 3 4 5 2 3 3 4 2 3 4 5 2 3 3 4 0 4 9 8 7 5 3 2 5 0 4 9 8 7 5 3 2 5 4 3 9 7 8 2 9 3 4 1 4 3 9 7 8 2 9 3 4 1

1 3 5 7 9 2 4 6 8 0 1 3 5 7 9 2 4 6 8 0

1911 1643 1945 20021911 1643 1945 2002

7

Processing Capacity

Processing/Operating Storage

8

Memory System Capacities and Durations

Sensory Stores Capacity: large Duration: max 1 sec (visual)

max 4 secs (auditory)

Working (STM) Capacity: 7 +/- 2 unrelated items Duration: 15-20 sec

Permanent (LTM) Capacity: large Duration: long (potentially)

Carroll, David W. 1999. Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, Chapter 3.

9

Non-Serial Processing

Carroll, David W. 1999. Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, p. 53. From Rumelhart & McClelland (1986) as indicated above.

10

Far Side by Gary Larson

11

Voice Onset Time and English Stop Consonants

VOT:VOT: +0 ms+0 ms /b/ /b/

+20 ms+20 ms /b/ /b/

+40 ms+40 ms /p/ /p/

Carroll, David W. 1999. Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, pp. 58-59.

12

Piaget's Developmental Stages

StageStage Age (approx.) Age (approx.)

Sensorimotor stageSensorimotor stage 0 – 2 0 – 2

PreoperationalPreoperational 2 – 7 2 – 7

ConcreteConcrete 7 – 11 7 – 11

Formal/abstractFormal/abstract 11 + 11 +

Carroll, David W. 1999. Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, pp. 60-62.