1 at mach 2, business executive ’ s jet, continental flight across the south pole ing. luis a....

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At Mach 2, Business Executive’s Jet, Continental Flight Across the South Pole

Ing. Luis A. Riesco, IEEE-AESS Life Senior Member

Region 9 South America AESS International [email protected]

Jet flying at 460 knots< Mach, route most over the continental South America and the Antarctic Pole to reach Australia distances and flight time. The same route flying at Mach 2 shows some advantages over traditional Pacific Ocean route mostly over the ocean . Considered risk factor, weather, wind and diversionary airports. It reveals metric used and basic recommendations

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Content herein is for informational purposes only and is culled from public sources. No warranties are expressed or implied and we disavow any responsibility for errors or omission Privacy Policy

mailto:[email protected]




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Executive Summary• Flying at Mach 2, the business jet will still be the business executive’s preferred/primary means of travel by 2020.

• Following routes along recognized major International Airports used modern facilities for passengers plane/deplane, cargo, refueling, communications, and services for eventual diverted flights.

Flight management system enables smooth business jet flight in 40 mph cross winds.

• 2 Pilots remain the least expensive aspect of business jet operations.

• Enhance the allure of business jet capability and flight safety

• Alternate Airports, Available SAR

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Background Information

• Presently some business jets fly faster, and many fly higher, than airliners at Subsonic speed (ie A340-300 494 Kts)

• By 2020 business jets and airliners will have similar flying Mach Speed close to M2 or higher

• Business Executive’s Jets selected conservatively max range about 2 trip leg length.

• Fastest executive jets speeds available from .90 to .985 shown under “Subsonic Jets near M1” slide

Regime Subsonic Transonic Sonic Supersonic Hypersonic High-hypersonic

Mach <1.0 0.8–1.2 1.0 1.2–5.0 5.0–10.0 >10.0

Mach number is a dimensionless quantity representing the speed of an object moving through air or other fluid divided by the local speed of sound. M=V/a where M=Mach number V=velocity and a=sound velocity

M varies by the composition medium and also by local conditions, especially temperature and pressure (altitude dependent)Mile=1609.3 m NM= 1852 m Kts= NM/hr NM/Mile=1852/1609.3=1.15 The speed of sound depends on the properties of the medium through which it travels. In dry air at 59°F (15°C) at the sea level it is equal to 1 M = 1225km/h = 761mph= 573kts .9M = 955.5km/h= 594 mph=515.7kts

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_sound

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transonic


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersonic

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersonic#Classification

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid


GOALS

• Identify routes and evaluate risk between Subsonic flights and faster Supersonic flights

• Give recommendations as to the expectation of south pole passengers

• Aircraft best suited for these flights (Slides 9-11)

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Goals Tree

S u b so n ic S o n ic

S o u th A m e rica C on tin en ta l

S u b so n ic S o n ic

P a c if ic O ce a n ic

S u p erso n ic

B o th R ou tes

V irtu a l E xe cu tive b us in ess Je t F ligh t R o u tesD e te rm in e sh o rte s t R o u tes

P a sse n ge rs va lue to re ach re m ote a re as

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Goals Normative Scenarios• Booming business opportunities as we are entering in a Global economy.

• Companies want to increase international business.

• Corporate Business Manufacturers racing to offer better, faster Aircrafts.

• Companies can continue to make a profit.

• Continue the high safety standards for air travel which exist today given

current/projected increased volume and other special scenarios

• Improve private jet aircraft to best benefiting from fastest flight

Out Scooping

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•Who is concerned? FAA, Aircraft manufacturers and Insurance Companies

•Why are they concerned? Expensive aircrafts owners and passengers travel cost

•What are their concerns? Maintenance of Airports able to host modern jetsPollution of a pristine continent during refueling and “chemtrails”

•What is the threshold of concern where change becomes unacceptable? Difficulty in identifying adequate benefits and if safety is at risk and pollution flying and using Antarctic airports and refueling at freezing polar temperatures.

Stakeholders

• International Company Executives• Passengers along the travel route• Tourists• Jet Charter Services• Antarctic Based Personnel• Emergency Medical Services

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Subsonic Jets <M1

Bombardier Embraer Gulfstream

GE Passport engines GE CF34-10E7-B Rolls-Royce Deutschland BR725A1-12

Mfg Model

Passengers

Range LR NM

CruiseKts

Eng. Thrust Lbs

TOFFm

Landing

m

TOFFKg Max

LandingKg Max

Fuel/Cost$/NM

PriceApproxM

Bombardier Global 8000

2+19 7900 488 16500 1740 843 48194 38590 5.55 65

Embraer Lineage 1000

2+19 4550 454 18500 1870 812 55000 43000 9.81 43 (2008)

Gulfstream G500

2+14+19

5800 488 15385 1570 844 38600 34200 5.48 55(2004)

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Cessna Citation X Falcon 7X

Mfg Model

M Passengers

Range LR NM

CruiseKts

Eng. Thrust Lbs

TOFFm

Landing

m

TOFFKg Max

LandingKg Max

FuelCost$/NM

PriceApproxM

Cessna Citation X

.92

2+12 3216 525 16500

1567 1036 16374 14437

4.24 22(1996)

Dassault Aviation

Falcon 7X

.90

2+8-14 5950 (8)

446 19966

16782392 at 5k ft

628 31298 28304

5.55 50 (2008)

Gulfstream G500

.985

2+14-19

5800 508 15385

1570 844 38600 34200

5.48 55

Subsonic Jets Very close toM1(yr 2012)

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•Futuristic SonicStar up to 20 people at speeds of 2740 mph, M 4.15 at 40000 ft.

•Mfg. HyperMach claims SonicStar will be 30% more efficient than Concorde.

•Hull and wings will be largely built from super lightweight composites or titanium.

•SonicStar’s propulsion new concept the S-MAGJET.

•A hybrid system in which a generator unit, provides electric energy used by highly efficient propulsion fans.

•This totally new concept would result in 70% more operational efficiency and significantly reduced carbon footprint chemtrail.

•In fact, you wouldn’t hear any supersonic boom from the ground.

•Such ground-breaking technology takes time have to wait another decade or more

SonicStar 4.5M

Supersonic Jets

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•Supersonic aircrafts creates a sonic boom

•More major noise disturbance over close-by areas.

•Currently there's no cost-effective market for supersonic business Jets

•Need a lot more fuel, and are more noisy (including sonic booms)

•Appears that the increase in speed just doesn't compensate disadvantages in the current aviation business climate.

•Present fastest designs now in use, are subsonic. •Continue with present jets under present business conditions

• On an improving economy, acquire Mach 2 Jet Aircrafts.

Business Reality

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•A few key factors that were not included for the virtual flight between JFK and SYD were:

• Airports over the selected routes may increase over time

•Good weather conditions or use diversionary airport

• All pilots with in route experience

•Aircraft and pilots need to be capable of landing on grass, gravel, ice or snow, as some are no paved runways

•Don't operate planes in blizzard conditions any were

•Out of 28 airport landing facilities and all 37 Antarctic stations have helipads.

•All flight data are Great Circle used only as a guide

Assumptions

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Bombardier Global 8000 aircraft's GE Passport engines, designed for this aircraft With their lower fuel burn and significantly lower emission, they combine new levels of efficiency and responsibility with tremendous power, performance and reliability. Thrust: 16,500 lb 75.55 kn Flat Rated: ISA+20°C (95°F)

Embraer Lineage 1000 aircraft powered by two General Electric GE CF34-10E7-B podded engines mounted below the wings, providing a thrust of 89.0kN. The engines are equipped with Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) and thrust reversers. 19966 lbsA Hamilton Sundstrand auxiliary power unit (APU) is mounted in the tailcone.

Gulfstream G650 is powered by two Rolls-Royce Deutschland BR725A1-12 turbofan engines, which together generate 143.2kN of thrust at take-off. Manufactured in Germany, the engine has been principally developed for ultra-long range business jets. It offers high thrust, a large payload, better fuel efficiency, clean and quieter operation and longer maintenance intervals. It is equipped with a 50in swept fan composed of 24 titanium blades for enhancing aerodynamic flow and efficiency and reducing noise and emissions.

Cessna Citation X two dual channel FADEC controlled Rolls-Royce AE3007C1 turbofan engines. It features two spools with a 14-stage axial flow compressor, two-stage high pressure turbine and a three-stage low pressure turbine. The engine has a bypass ratio of 5:1 and a static takeoff thrust at sea level of 6,764 pounds (30.09 kN) flat rated up to 86°F (30°C). Hydraulically actuated, target-type thrust reversers are attached to each engine.

Auxiliary power unit (APU) is incorporated for engine start and other benefits.

Dessault Falcon 7X three Pratt & Whitney Canada PW307A turbofans each rated at 6,402 lb thrust (SL ISA+17°C)

Engines

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Bombardier Global 8000 Flight Deck. Four Large (LCD) screens Head-Up Display System (HUD), Enhanced Vision System (EVS) and Synthetic Vision System (SVS) Graphical Flight PlanningWeather Radar with enhanced functionality like wind shear detectionPerformance Based Navigation: Wide Area Augmentation (WAAS)-LPV Approach- RNAV, En-route RNP & RNP AR Approaches Controller Pilot Data Link Communication (CPDLC)Onboard Maintenance System (OMS)Datalink, High Speed SATCOM Next Generation Cabin Management System (CMS)

Embraer Lineage 1000 Honeywell Primus Epic electronic flight information system and avionics suite is highly intuitive, simplifying procedures, improving safety and allowing the pilot to concentrate on the successful completion of the flight. The Primus Epic avionics suite provides five multifunction liquid crystal display screens. A finger-on-touchpad cursor control allows the pilot to direct and query avionics functions.

A computerised aircraft flight manual and class II electronic flight bag create a paperless cockpit, further reducing the pilot workload. The avionics system includes a Thales integrated electronic standby system.

The aircraft is equipped with radar Honeywell Primus colour weather,dual distance measuring equipment (DME), global positioning system and automatic direction finder, VHF omnidirectional radio range localiser (VOR / LOC), traffic collision avoidance system (TCAS) and microwave landing system (MLS).

Gulfstream G500 aircraft has a "PlaneView" cockpit, with 4 Honeywell DU-1310 EFIS screensAnd a Gulfstream-designed cursor control system and Enhanced Vision System (EVS). EVS is an infrared camera that displays an image of the view in front of the camera on a Head up display The system permits to land in lower-visibility instrument meteorological conditions.

Cessna Citation X Honeywell provides the avionics system for the glass cockpit The Honeywell Primus 2000 EFIS flight director system is composed of five 7"x8" CRT screens.Dual flight management systems with GPS are standard.

Falcon 7X Advanced EASy flight deck with side stick, Digital FlightControl System, Honeywell Primus Epic system, autothrottleand optional Collins Head-up Display and Enhanced FlightVision System

Avionics

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Antarctic

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Antarctic Terrain

Distances & Flight time .8M 460Kts•

1 Depart John F Kennedy Intl, New York, USA JFK Arrive Ezeiza Intl - Ministro Pistarini, Buenos Aires, Argentina EZE

• Distance 4,589.80 (NM) / 5,282.98 (MI) / 8,500.31 (KM) 10:14 Hrs (includes 15 minute bias and air speed at 460Kts)

•

• 2 Depart Ezeiza Intl - Ministro Pistarini, Buenos Aires, Argentina EZE

Arrive Base Marambio, Antartida Argentina, SAWB

• Distance 1,768.29 (NM) / 2,035.34 (MI) / 3,274.87 (KM) 4:06 Hrs (includes 15 minute bias and air speed at 460Kts)

• ATLANTIC OCEAN South Polar ice

• 3 Depart Base Marambio, Antartida Argentina, SAWB

• Arrive WILKINS Antartida Australia, YWKS Distance 2,940.51 (NM) / 3,384.60 (MI) / 5,445.83 (KM) 6:39 Hrs (includes 15 minute bias and air speed at 460Kts)

• Polar Flight South PACIFIC Ocean• • 4 Depart WILKINS Antartida Australia, YWKS

Arrive Sydney Intl. Australia, SYD Distance 2,407.07 (NM) / 2,770.60 (MI) / 4,457.90 (KM) 5:29 Hrs (includes 15 minute bias and air speed at 460Kts)

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1 John F Kennedy Intl, New York, USA to Ezeiza Intl - Ministro Pistarini, Buenos Aires, Argentina EZE

Continent well know alternate, diversionary airport facilities…………………………………………………………………………4589.80 NM

10:14 Hr

2 Ezeiza Intl - Ministro Pistarini, Buenos Aires, Argentina EZE to Base Marambio, Antartida Argentina, SAWB I will consider Continental Flight as is near the visible coast with excellent diversionary airports and facilities as follows:

Mar Del Plata, Aeropuerto Internacional de Mar del Plata "Ástor Piazzolla" MDP

Bahía Blanca, Comandante Espora BHI/SAZB,

Trelew, Rio Negro Aeropuerto Almirante Marcos A. Zar REL

Rio Gallegos, Chubut, RGL ……Reference point…………………………………………………………………………………………1109.70 NM

4:06 Hr

3. Flight over the ATLANTIC OCEAN from Rio Gallegos, RGL to Base Marambio, Antartida Argentina, SAWB ……………………………………. 857.80 NM

4. Flight over the Antarctic Continental ice Polar Flight 2.07 Hr

from Base Marambio, Antartida Argentina, SAWB to to WILKINS Australia Antarctic, YWKS ………………2940.51 NM

Alternate Airport McMurdo Station NZWD and other listed in worldaerodata.com/antarctic 6:39 Hr

5. Flight over the South PACIFIC Ocean to Sydney Intl.Australia, SYD………………………………………..2407.07 NM

5:29 Hr Flight over Oceans…………………………3264.00 NM …………...27.42%……..Hrs 7:36

Flight Over Continents…………………….8640.88 NM……………72.28%.……. Hrs 20:59

Flight JFK, NY to SYD Australia………. 11904.88NM………………………………28:35 Hr

Route .8M 460 Kts diversionary airports

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1 John F Kennedy Intl, New York, JFK to Los Angeles La. LAX …………………………………..2150.62 NM

well know alternate, diversionary airport facilities 4:56 Hr

Flight over the Pacific OCEAN

2 Los Angeles, La LAX to Honolulu HNL……………………………………………………………….2220.96 NM

5.05 Hr

3 Honolulu Int HNL to Fiji Island Nadi Int. NAN…………………………………………………………2748.06 NM

6.13 Hr

4. Fiji Island Nadi Int. NAN to Sydney Intl.Australia, SYD…………………………………………….1711.54 NM

3:58 Hr

Flight Over Continents……………………2150.62 NM……………%.……. Hrs 4:56

Flight over Oceans……………………….. 6680.56 NM …………...%……..Hrs 15:16

Flight JFK, NY to SYD Australia 8831.18 NM…………………………… 20:12 Hr

Route .8M 460 Kts Flying Pacific

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Continent well know alternate, diversionary airport facilities…………………………………………………………………… 4589.80 NM

9:09 Hr



3:41 Hr


4. Flight over the Antarctic Continental ice Polar Flight 5:57 Hr


5. Flight over the South PACIFIC Ocean to Sydney Intl.Australia, SYD………………………………………..2407.07 NM

Flight over Oceans…………………………3264.00 NM …………...27.42%……..

Flight Over Continents…………………….8640.88 NM……………72.28%.…….

Flight JFK, NY to SYD Australia………. 11904.88NM………………………………..23:42 Hr

Route .9M 516 Kts same div Airports

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4.33 Hr


5:35 Hr


3:34 Hr

Flight Over Continents……………………2150.62 NM……………%

Flight over Oceans……………………….. 6680.56 NM …………...%

Flight JFK, NY to SYD Australia 8831.18 NM……………………………….18:07Hr

Route .9M 516 Kts Flying Pacific

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Continent well know alternate, diversionary airport facilities…………………………………………………………………… 4589.80 NM

10:14 Hr 8:16 Hr



4:06 Hr


4. Flight over the Antarctic Continental ice Polar Flight 2.07 Hr 3:20 Hr


A5. Flight over the South PACIFIC Ocean to Sydney Intl.Australia, SYD………………………………………..2407.07 NM

5:29 Hr 4:27 Hr Flight over Oceans…………………………3264.00 NM …………...27.42%……..Hrs 7:36

Flight Over Continents…………………….8640.88 NM……………72.28%.……. Hrs 20:59

Flight JFK, NY to SYD Australia………. 11904.88NM………………28:35 Hr 21:26 Hr

Route M1573Kts same diver. Airports

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well know alternate, diversionary airport facilities 4:56 Hr 4:00 Hr



5.05 Hr 4:08 Hr


6.13 Hr 5:03 Hr


3:58 Hr 3:14 Hr


Flight over Oceans……………………….. 6680.56 NM …………...%……..Hrs 15:16

Flight JFK, NY to SYD Australia 8831.18 NM……………………20:12 Hr 16:25 Hr

Route M1 573 Kts Flying Pacific

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Continent well know alternate, diversionary airport facilities…………………………………………………………………………4589.80 NM

4:15 Hr


Mar Del Plata, Aeropuerto Internacional de Mar del Plata "Ástor Piazzolla" MDP

Bahía Blanca, Comandante Espora BHI/SAZB,

Trelew, Rio Negro Aeropuerto Almirante Marcos A. Zar REL

Rio Gallegos, Chubut, RGL Estimated to Rio Gallegos area ……………………………………………………………………………..1000 NM 1:00 Hr

Marambio, Antartida Argentina, SAWB ……………………………………………………………………………768.29NM

0:47 Hr

Direct tot 1768.29 NM

3. Flight over the Antarctic Continental ice Polar Flight 1:47Hr


Alternate Airport McMurdo Station NZWD and other listed in worldaerodata.com/antarctic 2:49 Hr

Flight over the South PACIFIC Ocean to Sydney Intl. Australia, SYD………………………………………………2407.07 NM

2:21 Hr

Flight over Oceans…………………………2407.07 NM …………...22.00 %……..Hrs 3:08

Flight Over Continents…………………….8530.21 NM……………78.00 %.……. Hrs 8:04

Flight JFK, NY to SYD Australia…… 10937.38 NM…………………………..…… Hr11:12

Route M2 1148 Kts same diver. Airports

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2 Los Angeles, La LAX to Honolulu HNL………………………………………………………………..2202.96 NM

5:05 Hr


2:39 Hr


1:44 Hr


Flight over Oceans……………………….. 6680.56 NM …………...%……..Hrs

Flight JFK, NY to SYD Australia 8831.18 NM…………………………… Hr 11:35

Route M2 1148 Kts Flying Pacific

Graphic comparison

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

460Kts

1114Kts

2896Kts

• 460 Kts=.8M Subsonic (573Kts=1M)• Polar flight 28:35 Hr 11904.88 NM• Pacific flight 20:32 Hr 8831.18 NM•• 1114 Kts=2 M Supersonic• Polar flight 11:12Hr 10937.38 NM• Pacific flight 11:35Hr 8831.18 NM

• 2896 Kts=4.5 M Supersonic• Direct Flight 3:14 Hr 8646.25 NM •• These values are great circle distances• Intended data use as a guide only.

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Metric of assessments at different M speeds flight JFK to SYD

Flight

SpeedM/Kts

Hr Differential Hr

between

Routes

NM Land Ocean Risk Alternate

AirportsOver all

Risk

PolarSubsonic

.8/460 28:35 8:23 11904.88

8640.88 3264.00 TempRelated

Std.Airlines

& Pole Minimum

Moderate

PacificSubsonic

.8/460 20:12 8:23 8831.18

2150.62 6680.56 Normal Over Water

Std.Airlines

Moderate

PolarSubsonic

.9/516 23:42 5:37 11904.88


Std.Airlines

& Pole Minimum

Moderate

PacificSubsonic

.9/516 18:07 5:37 8831.18


Std.Airlines

Moderate

PolarSonic

1/573 21:26 5:01 11904.88


Std.Airlines

& Pole Minimum

Moderate

PacificSonic

1/573 16:25 5:01 8831.18


Std.Airlines

Moderate

Polar Supersoni

c

2/1114

11:12 -0:23 10937.38


Std.Airlines

& Pole Minimum

Moderate

Pacific Supersoni

c

2/1114

11:35 -0:23 8831.18


Std.Airlines

Moderate

Both RoutesSupersoni

c

4.5/2896

3:14 8646.25

Passenger &Weather

dependent

Passenger &

Weather depende

nt

Normal Over Water

Std.Airlines

& Pole Minimum

Lower+ 28

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•Flights at M4.5 now moves along the 75⁰ meridian circle path over the Pacific Ocean,

along the west side of the Andes flying over costal waters with short distance to land At M2 Kts the flying time are about the same.

As we increase the speed flying hours are reduced as we approach M1 flying .9 M

with faster business executives jets in the market the polar route is the best route.

Polar routes offer the opportunity for SA Countries, Patagonia and Antarctic far away

population Reach Australia and the myriad of South Pacific islands.

Returning to LA and JFK round trip.

The use of these southern routes is overdue as present jets almost at M1

technology speed are available for more than one decade.

A disclosed air-refueling can allow for XLRange flights to reach oriental

countries.

Conclusion Best Route

• Byrd’s American explorer Flight over the Pole, 1929

• Armada Argentina first flight to the Pole, with descent, made from SA, 1962

• Quantas Airlines Sightseeing Flights from Australia,1994

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Important early South Pole Flights

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The Floyd Bennett (Ford S/N NX4542) flew the epic polar air journey. All-metal aircraft with 50-ft in length and wing span of 76-ft.. Weight about 6,500 pounds. Powered by a single 520-HP Wright Cyclone and a pair of 200-HP Wright Whirlwind radial engines

Crew pilot Brent Balchen, co-pilot Harold June, navigator American explorer Richard E. Byrd, and radio operator Ashley McKinley.

Following departure from Little America at 02:39 UTC, headed for the South Pole via sun compass.Myriad glaciers, massifs, plateaus, and crevasses marked the stark, rugged landscape unfolding under flight path.The most imposing were the Queen Maud Mountains that towered more than 11,000 feet above sea level.

Pilot Balchen struggled to get his aircraft over the high mountain pass that runs between Mounts Fridtjof and Fisher.

They jettisoned empty fuel cans and food to lighten the load.

Cleared the terrain by about 600 feet. Just after 1200 UTC (local midnight) on Friday, 29 November 1929.

TheFloyd Bennett and its crew flew over the Earth’s South Pole then, the aircraft headed back to Little America base at 1225 UTC.

Balchen landed the airplane to take on 200 gallons of fuel that had been pre-positioned at the base of the Liv Glacier. TheFloyd Bennett took-off again and landed back at Little America around 21:10 UTC. Total mission time was nearly 19 hours.

Byrd’s Flight over the Pole, 1929

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ARA South Pole Flight, 1962

Douglas C-47

From Rio Gallegos 12/8/1961 three transports of unit UT-8 flew to a track semi-prep, the Larsen ice barrier airfield, Jorge A. Campbell.

The two Douglas C-47, under Commander Hermes QUIJADA “anevizaron” traveling the 1500 Km flight at 8:17 pm, while the Douglas DC-4 returned to Rio Gallegos .

Then at 09:00 pm 12/26/1961 flew 1700 Km to Ellsworth Research Station.

On 01/06/1962 at 13:00 pm both took off from Ellsworth Douglas C-47 aircraft and flew the 1350 miles that separated them from the U.S. base (Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station), and “anevizaron” at 21:10 hours.

It was the first flight to the Geographic South Pole, with descent, made from the Americas. The next day, the two aircraft started back.

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•What to expect

•Inclusions

•Price and Seat Rotation

•Flights

•Incredible Sightseeing

•Full Antarctic Experience

•Qantas Service

•New Year's Eve Party Flight

Flights aboard a privately chartered Qantas 747 are included and last approximately 12.5 hours. This is not classed as an international flight so it is not necessary for you to have a passport, however you will be required to provide government approved identification at check-in.

Since 1994, Antarctica Sightseeing Flights, in conjunction with Qantas, has taken thousands of passengers on memorable sightseeing flights over East Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory and New Zealand’s Ross Dependency. We invite you to join us this southern summer for an unforgettable and rare travel experience to this magnificent continent departing from Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth.

Quantas South Pole Flights, 1994

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http://www.marambio.aq/galeria/displayimage.php?album=142&pid=83 - top_display_media

Route to Pole ARA, 1962

04/19/23 35

• Special requirements for polar flight.• Two cold-weather suits, special communication capability.• Designation of arctic diversion airports and firm recovery plans for

passengers.• Fuel freeze strategy and monitoring requirements

• Jet fuel freeze temperatures range between -40 and -50 °C. • These temperatures are frequently encountered at cruise altitude

throughout the world with no effect since the fuel retains heat from lower elevations, but the intense cold and extended duration of polar flights may cause fuel temperature to approach its freezing point.

• Modern long-distance airliners are equipped to alert flight crew when fuel temperatures reach these levels. The crew must then change altitude, though in some cases due to the low stratosphere over polar regions and its inversion properties the air may actually be somewhat warmer at higher altitudes Slide 38

FAA's policy letter Guidance for Polar Operations (3/5/2001

04/19/23 36

• Business Jets flying in an FAA NextGen mode

• Air Refueling air stations on designated limited air spaces.

• Location near costal polar areas or costal airport diversionary facilities

• Presently max speed and range with reduced passengers count, extended

• as per aircraft manufacturer specifications and service maintenance requirements

• Aircraft manufactures need to install refueling coupling and provide adequate certifications

• Flying with Full Passenger’s seat count will increase revenues and competiveness

• Aircraft investors will benefit of faster ROI and will allow to reinvest in new Jets.

• In flight fuel cost will be the normal ground plus the added cost of the service

• Further fuel saving using with fuel from local oil wells refined at local facilities.

• Integration of air and ground services and oil industry.

• Ground financing as automotive gas station finance model

• A wealth of air refueling experience by Boeing and Embraer’s materialized in the Boeing new KC-46 and Embraer KC-390 refueling s available before 2020.

Super Long Range Polar Flight Fully Loaded With Aerial Refueling

Consulted Sources

• ETOPS, Extended Operations, and En Route Alternate Airports Brad Bachtel,

• C.M.Airport Technology Boeing Commercial Airplanes FAA / AAAE Basic Airport Safety

• Operatins Specialists School 22 October, 2003

• FAA’s Ne tGen Air Traffic Control Group II-ATEAM II Third AESS Chapter

Submmit18August 2011, San Francisco, CA by: Ing. Luis A. Riesco, Senior Life

• IEEE AES/TMS Chair/Treasurer, New Jersey Coast Section

• Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast NJIT Ing. Luis A. Riesco IEEE-AESS Life Senior Member

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Time Distance Flight Calculator (Great Circle) used in my calculations http://www.airrouting.com/content/TimeDistanceForm.aspx

“Great Circle Maps” For Polar routes use JFK-EZE and EZE-SYD (or will show the Pacific route)

http://gc.kls2.com/ A lot of useful info. But a poor description of Antarctic facilities.http://www.fuerzaaerea.mil.ar/mision/base_marambio.html#actualidad

Actualidad then down to down to 10. Public Airport description and services

http://www.flap152.com/ recommended for up to date info of SA airports, free subscription

Devoted to flaying safety.

04/19/23 38

Atmosphere Temperature °C/Km Height

04/19/23 39

1. At M2 South Pole Continental Flight

2. Executive Summary

3. Background Information

4. Goals

5. Goals Tree

6. Goals Goals Normative Scenario

7. Out Scooping

8. Stakeholders

9. Subsonic Jets <M1

10. Subsonic Jets near M1

11. Supersonic Jets

12. Business Reality

13. Assumptions

14. Engines

15. Avionics

16. Antarctic Continent

17. Antarctic Terrain

18. Distance and Flight times

19. Route .8M 460 Kts div Airports

20. Route .8M 460 Kts Pacific

21. Route.9 516 Kts same div Airports

22. Route.9M 516 Kts Pacific

23.Route M1 573 Kts same div Airports

24.Route M1 573 Kts Pacific

25.Route M2 1148 Kts same div. Airports

26. Route M2 1148 Kts Pacific

27. Graphic Comparison

28. Metrics JFK to SYD vs. M speed

29. Conclusion Best Route

30. Important early SP Flights

31. Byrd’s Flight over the Pole, 1929

32. ARA SP Flight, 1962

33. Quantas SP Flights, 1994

34. Route to the Pole ARA 1962

35. FAA’s policy letter polar flights

36. XLR fully loaded with refueling

37. Consulted Sources

38. Atmosphere temp. profile

39. Table of Content

35.

Table of Content

1 at mach 2, business executive ’ s jet, continental flight across the south pole ing. luis a....

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