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Instrumentation at Trondheim Relevant for ARISE

P.J. Espy

R.E. Hibbins

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Overview of Instrumentation

Multi-Spectral All-Sky Airglow Imager

Advanced Meteor Radar at the Dragvoll Campus of NTNU

Hydroxyl Airglow Spectrometer

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Advanced Meteor Radar

175 km

• Transmits a 35 kW pulse• Reflects from ionized meteor trails• Interferometric receiver array

• Spatially locates the echo• Sees motion of individual trails

• Detects sporadic meteors • Between 70-110 km in 2 km steps

• Individual line of sight winds used to deduce 2D wind every 2 km between 75-105 km

• Temporal resolution better than 1 hr

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Advanced Meteor Radar

Total number of meteors detected:~10,000 per day between

~70 and 110 km

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Advanced Meteor Radar

Hydroxyl Airglow Co-Located with meteors

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Advanced Meteor Radar

Hydroxyl Airglow Co-Located with meteorsImager characterizes the 2-D gravity wave structure

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Advanced Meteor Radar

Hydroxyl Airglow Co-Located with meteorsSpectrometer characterizes the temperature/density

fluctuations at a point in the radar

OH M(3,1) & (4,2) bands, 20 s integration

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Radar Wind Measurements

Tides that provide sharp wind gradients &Change wind direction 100 m/s every 12 h

Tides severely underestimated in models such as HWM-07 and WACCM-SD

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Radar Wind Measurements

Merge radar winds with MERRA analysis to provide whole-atmosphere view

Mean meteor winds (tides removed) and MERRA during stratospheric warming event

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Radar Wind Measurements

Note WACCM-SD overestimates wind shear above constraint region (60 km) and has wrong direction above 70 km

Meteor radar-MERRA @ TRD WACCM-SD @ TRD

Merge radar winds with MERRA analysis to provide whole-atmosphere view

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Gravity waves with meteor radar

Gravity waves create excess variance in the wave-propagation direction

Gravity-wave momentum flux and momentum-flux divergence can be measured

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Individual gravity waves observed

Directional Variance

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Individual gravity waves observed

Directional Variance

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Meso-scale Wave Observations

700

km

TRD

ANX

Compare winds from Trondheim (TRD) meteor radar with those from the IAP Kühlungsborn (Germany) meteor radar located at Andenes (ANX)

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csPlanetary waves using array of SuperDARN meteor radars

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Conclusions

• Suite of instrumentation at Trondheim• Allows observation of mean winds and tides with

2 km vertical resolution and high temporal resolution• Combined with MERRA provides whole-atmosphere

picture of winds from 0-105 km• Characterization of gravity-wave bulk properties:

variance, momentum flux and wave forcing• 3-D characterization of temperature, density and

wind variation from individual gravity waves

• In collaboration with other radars• Characterization of meso-scale wave systems from

75-105 km

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Atmospheric and environmental physics group

• Department of Physics, NTNU and Birkeland Centre for Space Sciences (UiB, NTNU, UNIS)– Patrick Espy, Professor

– Robert Hibbins, Professor

– Marianne Daae, BCSS-SFF stipendiat

– Rosmarie de Wit, NTNU stipendiat

– Amund Gjendem, NTNU stipendiat

– Nora Kleinknecht, NTNU stipendiat

– Venkat Rao Narkull BCSS-SFF Postdoctoral fellow

– 6 MSc students (presently)