1 atmospheric radiation – lecture 17 phy2505 - lecture 17 satellite instruments and missions
TRANSCRIPT
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
PHY2505 - Lecture 17
Satellite instruments and missions
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
Overview
• Satellite instruments– Design Process– Design elements– Trade-offs
• Satellite missions
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
Instrument design process• Concept
– Science definition– Instrument requirements
• Launch opportunity ?• Phase A/B
– Detailed design – Engineering model prototyping
• Phase C/D– Build– Space qualification tests– Calibration– Spacecraft integration/Launch
• Validation• Science results
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
Instrument concept
• Science definition (“science-led”)– FUNDING
• Science programs• Public and industrial benefit
– FEASIBILITY• Expertise (people) • Space qualified technology• Feasibility of design
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
Science programs: CSAMandateThe legislated mandate of the CSA, from the Canadian Space Agency Act, SC. 1990, c.
13, is: "To promote the peaceful use and development of space, to advance the knowledge of
space through science and to ensure that space science and technology provide social and economic benefits for Canadians".
• Earth and Environment – RADARSAT-1 /2– Atmospheric Environment – Space Environment
• Space Science – Space Exploration – Microgravity Sciences – Space Life Sciences – Space Astronomy
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
Science programs: CSA
Atmospheric Environment
Studying Earth's atmospheric
patterns and the effects of
human-driven changes on
the environment:
•SCISAT-1 (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment)
•CloudSat
•Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT)
•MANTRA
•Optical Spectrograph and Infra-Red Imaging System (OSIRIS)
•ACTIVE
•Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII)
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
Science programs: CSASpace ExplorationIncreasing our understanding of our solar system in relation to the origin of life and the evolution of our environment.
Solid Planetology
Small Bodies
Life Support Systems
Mars
Planetary Atmospheres
Exo/ Astrobiology
Terrestrial Analogues
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
Science programs: NOAA• NOAA MISSION GOAL#1
Protect, restore and manage use of coastal and ocean resources through ecosystem management approaches – Invasive Species Initiative
• NOAA MISSION GOAL#2Understand climate variability and change to enhance society’s ability to plan and respond – Climate Change Science Program Office – Carbon Cycle Atmospheric Measurements – Global Ocean Observing System – Supercomputing – Reducing Uncertainties in Climate Change Scenarios
• NOAA MISSION GOAL#3Serve society’s needs for weather and water information – Improve Weather Forecast Accuracy through THORPEX – High Impact Weather
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
Science programs: ESATHE FOUR THEMES
Four fundamental themes underlie ESA’s Earth Observation Science and Research Element of the ‘Living Planet’ Programme (ESA SP-1227), namely:
• Theme 1 - Earth Interior including marine geoid, gravity and magnetic field at various scales, from local or regional to global.
• Theme 2 - Physical Climate System spanning the time scales from fast (days to weeks) via medium term (seasonal to interannual) to long term (decadal to centennial).
• Theme 3 - Geosphere-Biosphere including carbon, energy and water cycles, bio-chemical cycles and the productivity of the different ecosystems.
• Theme 4 - Atmosphere and Marine Environment and anthropogenic impactcomprising composition changes by human activity, chemical processes in troposphere and stratosphere and marine pollution.
These themes span the full Earth System and recognise the need for the detailed treatment of interactions between the regimes.
See Earth Explorers: Science and Research Elements of ESA’s Living Planet Programme (ESA SP-1227)
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
Instrument design• Signal at the instrument, S
NEP
AI
tv
NS
vNEP
vItvA
N
S
vItvAS
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21
21
/
)(
)(
)(
Constant for a given science investigation & instrument type
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
Instrument design• Optical elements (A)
– Telescopes• Diffraction limit• Constant etendue
• Spectral filters (v)• Grating spectrometers – limits to resolution• FTS – limits to resolution\
• Detectors (NEP)• Sources of noise
• Orbit (t)
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
Instrument design trade-off
S/N
1/1/v
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
Instrument requirements: MICA
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
Instrument requirements: MARGO
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
NASA Satellite missions
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
NASA Terra 1999+
http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/MOPITT/home.html
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
MOPITT
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
Future NASA Satellite missions 2004+
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
NASA Satellite missions
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
ESA Satellite missionsEO Missions and the 4 Themes
Theme 1:
Earth Interior
Theme 2:
Physical Climate System
Theme 3:
Geosphere-Biosphere
Theme 4: Anthropogenic Impact
on Atmos. and Biosphere
SPECTRA
GOCE SMOS
CryoSat
SWARM
ADM-AeolusWALES
EarthCARE
ENVISAT
(ERS- GOME)
(Envisat - Sciamachy)
MSG
ERS-2
ACE+EGPM
TerraSAR
METOP
Envisat (MIPAS)
(Envisat - GOMOS)
GCOM (SWIFT)
(Envisat - ASAR)
Envisat (MERIS)
(Envisat - RA2, AATSR)
6 November 2002 ESA Earth Observation Info Day
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
ESA Satellite missions
Meteosat
ERS-1 and 2
ENVISAT
One year in orbit (movie)
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
Envisat results
http://www.esa.int/envisat/ Look at multimedia menu item
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
Future ESA Satellite missions1st Earth Explorer Missions
First Earth Explorer Opportunity MissionIce elevation, ice thickness( ICESAT (Abyss))Launch 2004
First Earth Explorer Core MissionGravity field and geoid( GRACE)Launch 2006
2nd Earth Explorer Opportunity MissionSoil moisture and ocean salinity(Hydros, Aquarius)Launch 2006
2nd Earth Explorer Core MissionWind speed vectors( TBD)Launch 2007
CryoSAT
GOCE
SMOSADM-Aeolus
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
Future ESA Satellite missionsWALES
Satellite in sun-synchronous dawn-dusk orbit, 400-450 km, 1500 kg – 1400 W-Single payload mission operating a nadir viewing Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) instrument operating in the 935 nm range. -Ground segment: Command and Data Acquisition in North Europe and Alaska, Mission and Operations Control ESOC, processing and archiving ESRIN-Launch: Soyuz class
- Distribution of water vapour, and information on aerosols
relevant to:
-climate change studies, - atmospheric modelling - chemistry studies and to numerical weather forecasting
DIALTelescopeL-Band &
TT&C Antennae
StarTrackers
InstrumentRadiator
DIALTransmitters
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
Future ESA Satellite missionsEarthCARE
-Satellite, 1600 kg, 1200 W in sun-synchronous orbit, 400 – 450 km altitude, carrying:
Backscatter lidar (ATLID)Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR)7-channel multi spectral imager (MSI)Broadband radiometer (BBR)IR-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (IR-FTS)
- Ground segment: Command and Data Acquisition in North Europe, Mission and Satellite Operations Control at ESOC, Processing and Archiving at ESRIN
Launch: Dual launch by Japanese H-II
-A unique combination of active and passive sensors
•divergence of radiative energy,
•aerosol-cloud-radiation interaction,
•vertical distribution of water and ice and their transport by clouds,
•the vertical cloud field overlap and cloud-precipitation interactions.
provide basic data for numerical
modelling and global studies of:
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17
Future ESA Satellite missions1st EEOM
CRYOSAT
Variations ice thickness / massKu-band altimeterPhase B finalisingLaunch 2003
SMOS
Soil Moisture andOcean SalinityL-band radiometerExtended Phase A ongoingLaunch 2005
SWIFT FOR GCOM-A
Ozone, stratospheric windsSelected by NASDA potential passenger GCOM-A1
Part of reserve selected byESAC
Earth Observation Programmes Directorate
2008?