1. availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in Bangladesh. 2. Present status and future scope for agrometeorological services in Bangladesh.
Md. Shameem Hassan Bhuiyan Meteorologist (Agrometeorology Division)
& Focal person, AMIS Project
Bangladesh Meteorological Department
![Page 2: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Vision & Mission
1. To provide quantitative assessment of local climatological information to scientific and farming community.
2. To provide technologies with clear application in evolving farming strategies for the benefit of the marginal farmer as well as the progressive commercial farmer through multi-disciplinary research and outreach.
3. To provide regular agrometeorological early warning & advisories to farmers based on the application & location specific medium range weather forecasts for crop and Agromet Advisory Services (AAS) to farmers at local level.
4. To disseminate weather based agromet advisory on line to the farmers in block/village level for efficient farm management.
5. To provide weather based adaptation strategies under climate change, climate variability, climate and agriculture risk management.
6. Introduce climate smart precision farming system in Bangladesh.
![Page 3: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Major Severe Weather and Natural Disasters
in Bangladesh
Tropical cyclone, Storm surge, Tidal bores,
Floods, Flash flood, Nor'westers, Tornadoes,
Droughts, Heat waves, Cold waves, Heavy rain,
River erosion, Earth quakes, Land-slides.
![Page 4: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Bangladesh receives
71 % of the total annual rainfall during
southwest monsoon
(rainy season) which
lasts for 4 months.
![Page 6: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
CLIMATE OF BANGLADESH
Seasons Period Weather Events Rainfall
Summer
(Pre-monsoon)
March to May
Nor’wester,
Thumder, Tornado,
Hail, Cyclone, Heat
Wave
19%
Rainy Season
(Southwest
Monsoon)
June – September Heavy rain, Monsoon
Depression, Flood
71%
Autumn
(Post-monsoon)
October – November Cyclone, Tornado 8%
Winter
(Northeast
Monsoon)
December – February Abnormal Dryness
(Drought), Cold
Wave
2%
![Page 7: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Monthly Distribution of Rainfall over Bangladesh
![Page 8: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Monthly Maximum, Mean & Minimum Temperature over Bangladesh
![Page 9: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Automatic Weather Obs. System : 40
Synoptic observatories : 60
Pilot Observatories : 10
Rawinsonde Observatories : 03
Agromet observatories : 20
RADAR Stations : 05
Seismic Observatories : 04
Marine met Obs. : 01
MMO : 02
DMO : 02
SMO : 02
Aeromet : 03
RIC : 04
Inland River port warning Center : 15
Total 300 AWS will be installed all over
the country with in next two years.
![Page 11: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Himawari-8
Launched on 7 October 2014
![Page 12: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Indian Megharaya Hill, world’s wettest region
![Page 16: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Present Status of NWP in BMD
MRI Storm Surge Model
WRF Model
NHM Model
NCEP DATA
IIT-D Model Wave Model
(MRI)
GSM-JMA DATA
![Page 17: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
WRF Model
WRF model is running in BMD since July 2010.
Resolution : 9 Kms
Start at : 10:00 AM
Time required: About 1 hour.
Products Generating: Rainfall forecast for 24, 48 &
72 hours and 7 days accumulate rainfall forecast
with district boundary.
Model running automatically.
![Page 18: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
NHM Model
NHM model is running in BMD since July 2011.
Time : 72 hours, at 00 UTC
Resolution : 20 Kms
Start at : 10:30 AM
Time required: About 1 hour.
Model running semi-automatically.
![Page 19: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
IIT-D Model
Operationally using in BMD
Well tested and simulated for different cyclones with
different parameter
Both LINUX and Windows version are installed in
BMD.
MRI Storm Surge Model
Other model products (surface wind, pressure) can
be used as input of the model.
GSM data of JMA are using to run the model along
with conventional parameters.
![Page 20: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
MRI Wave Model
Regularly running once a day for 36 hours using GSM data from JMA.
Automatically
Outputs:
Significant Wave Height (m)
Significant Wave period (sec)
Wave direction
Sea Surface Wind (m/s)
Swell Height (m)
Sea Surface Pressure (hPa)
![Page 21: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Present Status and future Plan
about NWP in BMD
MRI Storm Surge Model
Inundation Model
ECMWF DATA WRF Model
Other Models
NHM Model
NCEP DATA
Synop DATA
IIT-D Model Wave Model
(MRI)
GSM-JMA DATA
RADAR DATA
Upper air DATA
Data Assimilation
Ocean DATA
![Page 23: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Collaboration
• Norwegian Meteorological Institute (Metno) – DIANA (DIgital ANAlysis)
Diana is an open source meteorological visualization and production software developed at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (met.no).
• NWP
• Satellite and radar images
• Surface observations
• Trajectories in isosurfaces
• Weather charts
• Soundings
• Vertical cross sections
• Time series
• Field modification
• Drawing of weather symbols etc.
![Page 24: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Collaboration
• Meteo France International (MFI)
- CliSysis
![Page 25: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
1. Present status of Agro-meteorological services of BMD
Activities of Agromet division has been started through an UNDP project
in the year 1978-79 and ended in the year 1984. Installation of agromet
instruments and data collection has been started from 1982.
Following data are archiving in the agro-met Division of BMD
(1) 7 days accumulated rainfall
(2) Rainy days in the week
(3) Air temperature with Maximum & Minimum temperature
(4) Global Solar Radiation
(5) Bright Sun shine hour
(6) Soil moisture at different depths (5, 10, 20, 30, 50 cm)
(7) Soil temperature at different depths (5, 10, 20, 30, 50 cm)
(8) Evaporation
(9) Pan water temperature
(10) Wind at 2m. height
(11) Amount of Dew
(12) Grass minimum temparatur
(13) Estimation of evapotranspiration with Penman-Monteith equation
(14) Relative humidity.
![Page 26: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Agro-met bulletin contains the following information:
(a) Distribution of last 7 days actual rainfall
(b) Deviation from the normal rainfall by GIS map
(c) 7 days accumulated rainfall forecast with geospatial distribution
(d) Next 7 days extended outlook
(e) No. of rainy days in last 7 days
(f) Average maximum temperature of last week
(g) Normal maximum temperature of last week
(h) Minimum temperature of last week
(i) Normal minimum temperature of last week
(j) Temperature outlook for next week
(k) Average evaporation of last week
(l) Average Sunshine hours of last week
(m) Evaporation and Bright sunshine hour forecast for next week
(n) Advisories for the farmers for next week.
![Page 27: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
We are disseminating 7 days agromet
bulletin by Fax, Internet and website Some e-mail address: [email protected], "Chittagong 41977" <[email protected]>, "Agriculture Ministry" <[email protected]>, "Agromet
Office" <[email protected]>, "AIS" <[email protected]>, "Army HQ" <[email protected]>, "BARI"
<[email protected]>, "BARI" <[email protected]>, "BARI" <[email protected]>, "BARI" <[email protected]>, "BARI"
<[email protected]>, "BARI" <[email protected]>, "BARI" <[email protected]>, "BARI" <[email protected]>, "BARI"
<[email protected]>, "BARI" <[email protected]>, "BARI" <[email protected]>, "BARI" <[email protected]>,
"BARI" <[email protected]>, "BARI" <[email protected]>, "BARI" <[email protected]>, "BARI" <[email protected]>,
"BARI" <[email protected]>, "BARI" <[email protected]>, "BARI" <[email protected]>, "BARI"
<[email protected]>, "BAU" <[email protected]>, "Shameem BMD" <[email protected]>, "BMD SWC"
<[email protected]>, "BMD-Khulna" <[email protected]>, "BMD-Rangpur" <[email protected]>, "BMD Bogra"
<[email protected]>, "BMD Bogra" <[email protected]>, "BMD Ishardi" <[email protected]>, "BMD
Mominul" <[email protected]>, "BMD Nooruddin" <[email protected]>, "BMD Patuakhali"
<[email protected]>, "BMD Quamrul" <[email protected]>, "BMD Rangpur" <[email protected]>, "BMD
Sayeed" <[email protected]>, "BMD Sylhet" <[email protected]>, "BMD Taslima Apa" <[email protected]>,
"BMDDirector" <[email protected]>, "BMDManzurul Haque" <[email protected]>, "BMDRahim"
<[email protected]>, "BMDSWC" <[email protected]>, "BRRI" <[email protected]>, "BRRI" <[email protected]>,
"BRRI" <[email protected]>, "BSBSericulture Board" <[email protected]>, "BSRI Sugar Research"
<[email protected]>, "BUETWRE" <[email protected]>, "Tasdiq CDMP" <[email protected]>, "DMB CDMP"
<[email protected]>, "CEGIS" <[email protected]>, "CEGIS" <[email protected]>, "DAE"
<[email protected]>, "DAE" <[email protected]>, "DAE" <[email protected]>, "DAE" <[email protected]>,
"FAO-Bangladesh" <[email protected]>, "FFWC" <[email protected]>, "FFWC" <[email protected]>, "FPMU"
<[email protected]>, "FPMU" <[email protected]>, "FPMU" <[email protected]>, "FPMU" <[email protected]>, "FPMU"
<[email protected]>, "FPMU" <[email protected]>, "FPMU" <[email protected]>, "LACC-2"
<[email protected]>, "LACC-2" <[email protected]>, "LACC-2" <[email protected]>, "LACC-2"
<[email protected]>, "LACC-2" <[email protected]>, "LACC-2" <[email protected]>, "LACC-2"
<[email protected]>, "LACC-2" <[email protected]>, "MOF" <[email protected]>, "MOFA-1" <[email protected]>,
"p.b.o ishurdi Pabna" <[email protected]>, "Shaikh Siraj" <[email protected]>, [email protected], "SPARRSO"
<[email protected]>, "SPARRSO" <[email protected]>, "SPARRSO Dr. Quadir" <[email protected]>, "Sugar"
<[email protected]>, "UNB" <[email protected]>, "WFP" <[email protected]>, "WFP" <[email protected]>, "R
Stefanski" <[email protected]>, "jiban biswas" <[email protected]>, "ADPC" <[email protected]>, "BARI"
<[email protected]>, "BARI" <[email protected]>, "TCRC" <[email protected]>, "IRRI"
<[email protected]>, "LIBRARY" <[email protected]>, "SHOHELA" <[email protected]>... more
![Page 28: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Fog is a common
phenomenon in
winter season.
Moderate to thick
fog may cause late
blight debases in
potato crops.
Agro-met division
forecast fog and
farmers are
advised to apply
fungicides for
potato crops
before persistence
thick fog events.
![Page 34: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
• Highlights: • Free water loss during 22.12.2010 to 31.12.2010 was averaged to 2.26 mm per day. • Sunshine hours during 22.12.2010 to 31.12.2010 were averaged to 7.08 hours per day. • Advisory for the period from 01.01.2011 to 07.01.2011. • Free water loss during the 1st week of January 2011 is expected to be between 2.00 to 2.50
mm per day. • Bright sunshine hour during the 1st week of January 2011 is expected to be between 5.50 to
6.50 hrs per day. • Weather: • Seasonal low lies over South Bay.
• Weather is likely to remain mainly dry with temporary partly cloudy sky over the country
during this period.
• Moderate to thick advection fog may occur over the country during the middle of this period.
• Mild cold wave may sweep over Rajshahi, Rangpur and Sylhet divisions and the regions of Jessore, Satkhira, Kustia and Mymensingh during the end of this period.
• Fungicides should be applied to potato crops to save it from late blight disease. • Weather condition of this period is suitable for applying fertilizer and aerial spray.
• Supplementary irrigation should be applied for Robi crops to save it from moisture stress.
![Page 35: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
a. Improvement of seasonal forecast
b. Integrated Irrigation management
d. Integrated drought management & Early Warning
e. Damage assessment due to natural disaster
c. Early agro meteorological Crop yield estimation
f. Crop suitability map with agro ecological zone
g. Pest and disease control and management
Future scope to enhance the Agro-meteorological services
h. To select Suitable time for applying fertilizer & pesticides
![Page 36: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
351971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Ra
infa
ll (
% D
ep
fro
m L
PA
)
YEAR
Performance of MR Model for Bangladesh JJAS Rainfall: 1971-2007
Actual
Forecast
FORMULA TEST PERIOD
RSME – 11.74
![Page 37: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
CPT Model output
![Page 38: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
GIS and Remote Sensing Lab of Agromet Division
![Page 39: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
8 Node PC Cluster of Agromet Division
![Page 40: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Real time data collection system through AWS at Agromet Division
![Page 41: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Damage assessment of amon crops due to SIDR
![Page 42: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Estimation of Aman area
through NOAA-NDVI
BANGLADESH METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT
![Page 43: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
BANGLADESH METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT
![Page 44: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Low 1 Wind 100~150 km/h, Buffer 25 km
High 1 Wind 200~240 km/h, Buffer 25 km
High 2 Wind 150~200 km/h, Buffer 75 km
Low 2 Wind 50~100 km/h, Buffer 75 km
BANGLADESH METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT
![Page 45: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Graph on Damaged Zone wise Aman area A
rea
Sq
Km
Zone BANGLADESH METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT
![Page 46: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Roving seminar for the farmers
![Page 47: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
AWS tower at
Chapai
Nababganj
![Page 52: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Data Logger and communication device at Chapai
Nababganj
![Page 53: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Rain
measuring
sensor
![Page 54: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Solar
Radiation
sensor
![Page 55: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Conclusion Agro-met Division of BMD can play a vital role to
improve the national food security where it is under
tremendous stress due to high population density,
climate change, frequent attack by natural disaster
and so many other issues.
We want to work together to combat this
upcoming challenges.
![Page 56: 1. Availability of agro-meteorological data for crop monitoring in](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052419/589da0da1a28abc74a8bc972/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)