1 basic cptr concepts

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BASICCOMPUTER

CONCEPTS

Course: Introduction to Computers



What Is A Computer?

A computer is an electronic device,oper ating under the control of instructions (software) stored in its ownmemory unit, that can accept data

(input), manipulate data (process), andproduce information (output) from the

processing. Gener ally, t

he term is usedto describe a collection of devices that

function together as a system.



Major Components of a Computer

A computer system consists of two main parts: hardware

and software.

Hardware is the electronic and mechanical parts of a

computer system.

Soft ware is the data and the computer progr ams of a

computer system.



Hardware vs. Software

Hardware

The computer equipment

Includes printers, monitors, disk drives, etc.

Software

Progr ams which tell the computer what to do

Examples - word processing, gr ade book,

tutorials, games, etc.



Computer Oper ations

Input Processing Output

Stor age



Input-Process-Output Model (IPO)

Input: keyboard, mouse, scanner, punch cards

Processing: CPU executes the computer progr am Output: monitor, printer, f ax machine

Stor age: hard drive, optical media, diskettes, magnetic tape



What Are The Primary Components Of A

Computer ?

Input devices.

Centr al Processing

Unit (containing

the control unit andthe arithmetic/logic

unit).

Memory.

Output devices. Stor age devices.



Input DevicesComputers accept information from the

outside world.

The keyboard is the most common inputdevice.

Pointing devices like the mouse also

receive input.



Process Information

The processor, or central processing unit

(CPU), processes information, and

performs all the necessary arithmetic

calculations. The CPU is like the ³br ain´ of

the computer.



Output Devices

Computers produce information and send it

to the outside world.

A video monitor is a common outputdevice.

Printers also produce output.



Store Information

Memory and stor age devices are used to

store information.

Primary storage is the computer¶s mainmemory.

Secondary storage uses disks or other

media.

Primary stor age Secondary stor age



Buses, Ports, and Peripher als

Information tr avels

between components

through groups of

wires called buses.



Buses, Ports, and Peripher als

Peripher als:

are external devices for receiving input or

producing output (keyboard, monitor, andmouse).

communicate with other parts of the system.



Buses, Ports,and Perip

her

als

Provide attachment and

communication with

external devices bymeans of:

Slots:-

(for internal attachment)

Ports:-(for external attachments)



Benefits of Using Computers

Error-free calculations

Speed Flexibility

Stor age

Consistency and repetition



How Computer present the data

Most computers are digital. They

recognize only two discrete

states; on and off.

Computers are electronic devices

powered by electricity,ha

vingonly two states; on and off.



Data Representation

The digit 0 represent theelectronic state on and digit 1

represent the electronic state off .This is called binary data

representation



Binary system

It is a number system that has just

two unique digits,0 and 1,called bits.

Binary Conversion

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