1 beyond third generation cellular networks: the integration of internet and telephony technology...
Post on 19-Dec-2015
214 views
TRANSCRIPT
1
Beyond Third Generation Cellular
Networks:The Integration of
Internet and Telephony Technology
Randy H. KatzUC Berkeley
BT Labs
31 March 2000
http://iceberg.cs.berkeley.edu Cellular “Core” Network
Bridge to theFuture
S. S. 7
2
Outline
• Motivation• It’s all about Services• The ICEBERG Project• Summary and Conclusions
3
Outline
• Motivation• It’s all about Services• The ICEBERG Project• Summary and Conclusions
4
Mobile Telephone & Internet Users
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Source: Ericsson Radio Systems, Inc.
Mobile TelephoneUsers
Internet Users
Millions
Year
5
Data Dominates
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Voice
IP
United States Network Traffic Growth (gigabits, bn)
Source: Nortel in The Economist, 13 Mar 99
6
Core Network BecomesData-Oriented
IP-Based WAN
Local Exch Local ExchPSTN
Local SwitchIWF + Router
Local SwitchIWF + Router
Voice TrafficConnection-Oriented
Data TrafficPacket-Oriented
Local Gateway Local GatewayCore Network
AccessNetwork
AccessNetwork
Local ExchNet (LEC)
Local ExchNet (LEC)
InterexchangeNetwork (IXC)
Local Switch Local Switch
7
IP-Based WAN
Packet-OrientedVoIP Gateway VoIP Gateway
Core NetworkAccessNetwork
AccessNetwork
Router Router
Core Network BecomesData-Oriented
• Appl-specific routing overlays, e.g., info dissemination • Routing infrastructure with DiffServ support• Service-level agreements spanning multiple ISPs• Services running on servers in the infrastructure
8
Smart Appliances/Thin Clients
Qualcomm PDQ Phone
PDA
PCS
9
• Top Gun MediaBoard– Participates as a reliable
multicast client via proxy in wireline network
• Top Gun Wingman– “Thin” presentation layer in PDA
with full rendering engine in wireline proxy
10
Critical Trends
• Multimedia / Voice over IP networks– Lower cost, more flexible packet-switching core network– Simultaneous support for delay sensitive and delay
insensitive flows via differentiated services
• Intelligence shifts to the network edges– Third-party functionality downloaded into Information
Appliances like PalmPilots
• Programmable intelligence inside the network– Proxy servers intermixed with switching infrastructure– Mobile/extensible code, e.g., JAVA: “write once, run
anywhere”– Rapid new service development– Speech-based services
11
Outline
• Motivation• It’s all about Services• The ICEBERG Project• Summary and Conclusions
12
The Future: Internet-basedOpen Services Architecture
“Today, the telecommunications sector is beginning to reshape itself, from a vertically to a horizontally structured industry. … [I]t used to be that new capabilities were driven primarily by the carriers. Now, they are beginning to be driven by the users. … There’s a universe of people out there who have a much better idea than we do of what key applications are, so why not give those folks the opportunity to realize them. … The smarts have to be buried in the ‘middleware’ of the network, but that is going to change as more-capable user equipment is distributed throughout the network. When it does, the economics of this industry may also change.”
George Heilmeier, Chairman Emeritus, Bellcore
13
Policy-basedLocation-basedActivity-based
Speech-to-TextSpeech-to-Voice Attached-EmailCall-to-Pager/Email Notification
Email-to-SpeechAll compositions
of the above!
Universal In-box
Transparent Information Access
14
RoomEntity
Text toCommand
ICSISpeech
Recognizer
MicrophoneCell phone
A/V Devices
Response to Client
Path
Audio Text Cmd
Composable Services
• E.g., voice control of A/V devices in a “Smart Room”– Multistage processing transformation– Strongly typed connectors– Service discovery service– Automated path generation
15
Outline
• Motivation• It’s all about Services• The ICEBERG Project• Summary and Conclusions
16
ICEBERG: Internet-based core for CEllular networks
BEyond the thiRd Generation
• Motivation:– People use a multitude of communication devices and networks:
» Cell phones, PSTN, VoIP, E-mail, V-mail, fax, etc.» 3G cellular: UMTS/IMT2000» Wireless LANs: Bluetooth / HomeRF» Home Access Networks: DSL / Cable modem
– Access to real-time services embedded in diverse networks
• Model: Person-to-Person and Person-to-Service communication across diverse access networks
– Not device to device!
– Service handoff across devices and access networks
» Potentially Any Network Service (PANS)
– Different coverage, bandwidth, latency, and cost characteristics
17
ICEBERG Goals
• Demonstrate ease of new service deployment– Packet voice for computer-telephony integration– Speech- and location-enabled applications– Complete interoperation of speech, text, fax/image across the
PDAs, pads, pagers, phones (4 P’s)– Mobility and generalized routing redirection
• Demonstrate new service architecture supporting innovative applications
– Personal Information Management» Universal In-box: e-mail, news, fax, voice mail» Notification redirection: e.g., e-mail, pager
– Home networking and control of “smart” spaces, sensor/actuator integration
» Build on experience with A/V equipped rooms in Soda Hall
18
Experimental Testbed
SimMillenniumNetwork
Infrastructure
GSM BTS
Millennium Cluster
Millennium Cluster
WLAN /Bluetooth
Pager
IBMWorkPad
CF788
MC-16
MotorolaPagewriter 2000
306 Soda
326 Soda “Colab”
405 Soda
Velo
Smart SpacesPersonal Information Management
TCI @Home
H.323GW
Nino
19
• Bases (1M’s)– scalable, highly available– persistent state (safe)– databases, agents– “home” base per user– service programming
environment
Wide-Area Path
• Active Proxies (100M’s)– not packet routers, may be
active networking nodes – bootstrap thin devices into
infrastructure– soft-state and well-connected
NINJA Distributed Computing Platform
• Units (1B’s)– sensors / actuators– PDAs / smartphones / PCs– heterogeneous– Minimal functionality:
“Smart Clients”
Jinidevices
20
ICEBERG Feature Set
• Potentially Any Network Services (PANS)– Any service can from any network by any device;
network/device independence in system design
• Personal Mobility– Person as communication endpoint with single identity
• Service Mobility– Retain services across networks
• Easy Service Creation and Customization– Allow callee control & filtering
• Scalability, Availability, Fault Tolerance• Security, Authentication, Privacy
21
ICEBERG Architectural Elements
• ICEBERG Access Point (IAP)– Encapsulates network specific gateway (control and data)
• ICEBERG Point of Presence (iPOP) – Performs detailed signaling
» Call Agent: per communication device per call party» Call Agent Dispatcher: deploy call agent
• Name Mapping Service– Mapping between iUID (Iceberg Unique ID) and service end point
• Preference Registry– Contains user profile: service subscription, configuration,
customization
• Personal Activity Tracker (PAT)– Tracks dynamic information about user of interest
• Automatic Path Creation Service– Creates datapath among participants’ communications devices
22
Transformation and Redirection
IP CoreIP Core
PSTNPSTN
PagerPager
WLANWLANCellularNetwork
CellularNetwork
H.323GW
GW
GW
GW
iPOP
iPOP
iPOP
iPOPIAPTransducer
Agent
RedirectionAgent
23
More Detailed View
Iceberg Network
PSTN GSM
PagerWaveLAN
GSM PSTN
IAP
IAP
IAP
IAP
IAP
IAP
iPOP iPOP
iPOP iPOP
Cal
StanfordNaming ServerPreference RegistryPersonal Activity TrackerAPC Server
24
iPOP administration domains
More Detailed View
PSTN GSM
PagerWaveLAN
GSM PSTN
IAP
IAP
IAP
IAP
IAP
iPOP
iPOP iPOP
iPOP
IAP
Multicast tunnels
25
ICEBERG Signaling System
• Signaling System– Distributed system w/agents communicating via
signaling protocol for call setup, routing, & control
• ICEBERG Basic Call Service– Communication of two or more call participants using
any number of communication devices via any kind of media
– If call participant uses more than one devices, must be used synchronously
• Essential Approach– Loosely coupled, soft state-based signaling protocol
w/group communication– Call Session: a collection of call agents that
communicate with each other
26
Signaling: Call Session Establishment
Name MappingService
Preference Registry
Alice Bob
Carol
IAP
13
3 5
6
IAP7
8 9
1011
1314IAP 15
16
2
Call Agent Dispatcher
Call Agent
iPOP
4
Call Agent Dispatcher
Call Agent
iPOP
12
Call Agent Dispatcher
Call Agent
iPOP
27
Call Control and Call States
• Control– For established call session, alter/propagate call states.
Modify datapath correspondingly
• States– Call party identities, in-use devices in use & their call
status, datapath information on active data streams
• Challenge– Reliable propagation of call state changes to call agents,
given highly dynamic call session environment
• ICEBERG Approach– Light Weight Sessions– IAP: network specific gateways maintain hard state– IAPs and iPOPs exchange heartbeats; loss triggers
recovery
28
Light-Weight Call Session
Call Agent
Call AgentData Path
Table
Call Session
Auto PathCreation
Call State Table
Call Agent
Announce Announce
Listen Listen
Create/tear downdata path
Create/tear downdata path
Add orremove
path
29
New ICEBERG Capabilty: Service Handoff
• Service handoff occurs when users switch communication devices in midst of call session
• Enables service mobility• Service handoff is:
– Generalized call transfer– Special case of conference call
» User uses one device to invite another device» Then hangs up the first device
30
Service Handoff Scenario:Cell Phone to Laptop
CallerIAP
CalleeIAP
CallerIAP2
handoff fromcell phone to
VAT
Multicast Session
announceListen
announce
Listen
announce
Listen
Cell phoneturned off
Start new IAP
31
Service Handoff Scenario
CallerIAP
CalleeIAP
CallerIAP2
handoff fromcell phone to
VAT
Multicast Session
announceListen
announce
Listen
Cell phoneturned off
Start new IAP
• Simple reliability scheme• IAP fault tolerant• Simultaneous service handoff• Multiparty calls trivial• Security through encryption
32
New ICEBERG Capabilty: Policy-Based Redirection
Home Phone
Voice MailPager
Cell Phone Office Phone
Calls during business hours
Calls in theevening
AnonymousCalls
Friends & family calls
Importante-mail headers
E-mail accessvia phone
33
Policy-Based Redirection
IF (9AM < hour < 5 PM) THEN Preferred-End-Point = Office-Phone
IF (5 PM < hour < 11 PM) THEN Preferred-End-Point = Home-Phone
IF (11 PM < hour < 9 AM) THEN Preferred-End-Point = Voice-Mail
PersonalActivityTracker
Preference Registry
UserPreference
Profiles
OtherPersonal
State
Callee locationCallee state
Per Call Statee.g., Caller IDTime of Day
Caller End PointType
Callee’s PreferredEnd Point
34
Preference User Interface
35
Outline
• Motivation• It’s all about Services• The ICEBERG Project• Summary and Conclusions
36
Implementation Status
• Much of architecture initially implemented– IAPs: GSM, PSTN (H.323), WaveLAN; Service handoff– iPOPs in Berkeley CS LAN: local area components for name
service, pref resolution, activity tracking
• Areas under development:– Wide-area APC for service composition and instantiation– Graphical capture/playback of user preference specs– Billing architecture– New services to test the architecture:
» Call completion on busy subscriber» Ninja jukebox to audio information appliance
• Evaluation– Critical metric is scalability, resistance to failure– Soft-state vs. hard-state performance tradeoffs
37
Summary
BasesActiveProxies
UnitsNinja ExecutionEnvironment
Data PlaneOperators
Connectors
Paths
ControlPlane
IAP
PAT
PRLS
APC
Pref R
eg
Name
Svc
38
Conclusions
• Emerging Network-centric Distributed Architecture spanning processing and access
• Open, composable services architecture--the wide-area “operating system” of the 21st Century
• Beyond the desktop PC: information appliances supported by infrastructure services--multicast real-time media plus proxies for any-to-any format translation and delivery to diverse devices
• Common network core: optimized for data, based on IP, enabling packetized voice, supporting user, terminal, and service mobility