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BiotechnologyBiotechnology

According to some…Making According to some…Making the products you the products you

buy. . .better!buy. . .better!

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Biotechnology & Genetically Biotechnology & Genetically Modified ProductsModified Products

Any process that Any process that uses our uses our understanding of understanding of living things to living things to create a product.create a product.

Altering the DNA of Altering the DNA of an organism to get an organism to get it to express it to express different traits.different traits.

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Gene Therapy:Gene Therapy: Application of Application of

genetic genetic engineering engineering techniques to techniques to alter or replace alter or replace defective genes.defective genes.

http://www.acceleratingfuture.com/michael/blog/images/Gene_therapy.jpg

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Gene/Sequence of Gene/Sequence of InterestInterest - A piece of DNA - A piece of DNA that codes for a protein that codes for a protein we want more of……for we want more of……for example, the gene for example, the gene for human insulin.human insulin.

PlasmidPlasmid – circular piece of – circular piece of DNA found in bacteriaDNA found in bacteria

Recombinant DNARecombinant DNA – DNA – DNA produced by combining produced by combining DNA samples from DNA samples from different organisms.different organisms.

http://img.blogcu.com/uploads/kedicikkopekcik_insrton.jpg

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Restriction Enzymes:Restriction Enzymes:

Enzymes that Enzymes that cut DNA at cut DNA at certain certain sequences.sequences.

http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/images/restriction.gif

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Transformation:Transformation:The changing of one strain of The changing of one strain of

bacteria into another strain.bacteria into another strain.– This process can be This process can be

completed using other completed using other organisms as well.organisms as well.

http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbio/plantplasmidtechn.JPG

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Transgenic Organisms:Transgenic Organisms:Any organism whose genome Any organism whose genome

incorporates and expresses incorporates and expresses genes from another genes from another organism of the same or a organism of the same or a different species.different species.

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.umaine.edu/bmmb/images/faculty/mayerrsrch3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.umaine.edu/bmmb/faculty/index.php/profile/greg_mayer&h=508&w=640&sz=126&hl=en&start=32&tbnid=3FrSMECBDttBMM:&tbnh=109&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtransgenic%2Borganism%26start%3D18%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN

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Human Genome ProjectHuman Genome Project

In 1990, scientists from In 1990, scientists from several different countries several different countries began a project to analyze began a project to analyze and sequence all the genes and sequence all the genes found in human DNA.found in human DNA.

In 2000, this project was In 2000, this project was essentially completed.essentially completed.

Potential uses:Potential uses:– Medical research – using gene Medical research – using gene

therapy to cure genetic therapy to cure genetic disorders.disorders.

– Trace human lineage.Trace human lineage.http://www.scienceclarified.com/images/uesc_06_img0300.jpg

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The Steps to Genetically Engineer an The Steps to Genetically Engineer an OrganismOrganism

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Examples of Bioengineered Examples of Bioengineered ProductsProducts

1111http://www.jewishworldreview.com/toons/varvel/biotech.protest.gif

http://www.bairesbiotec.org.ar/images/speake1.jpg

Golden RiceGolden Rice

http://www.goldenrice.org/Content4-Info/info4_media.html

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http://www.healingdaily.com/detoxification-diet/rBGH.jpg

http://www.allfunpix.com/humor/pics/yodamilk.jpg

Recombinant Bovine Recombinant Bovine Growth HormoneGrowth Hormone

Genetically engineered hormone that forces Genetically engineered hormone that forces cows to make more milk than they normally cows to make more milk than they normally

would.would.

http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Milk_glass.jpg

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Spider SilkSpider Silk

http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/spider/goat.jpg

http://www.kevhopgood.co.uk/New%20Stuff/Spider-Goat.jpg

http://rockgardn.easystorecreator.com/images/images_919/JRFJ-Front-LG.gif

1414http://www.engin.swarthmore.edu/~jlewis1/edible_vaccines_cover.JPG

OthersOthers Edible Vaccine

http://go.ucsusa.org/images/btcrops.jpg

Bt Crops naturally occurring soil bacteria that produces proteins active against certain insects.

Insulin mass production occurs with the help of bacteria.

http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_30/10_32.jpg