1 budget process redesigned “to be” role biennial budget preparation compile agency history...
TRANSCRIPT
1
Budget Process
Redesigned “To Be” Role
Biennial Budget Biennial Budget PreparationPreparation
Biennial Budget Biennial Budget PreparationPreparation
• Compile agency history data (C: Biennial Budget Request Preparation)• Check history data to CAFR• Data collection and assimilation• Prepare salary/benefit budget request• Prepare programmatic budget request• Prepare justification detail• Respond to budget request inquiries• Attend justification meetings
• Compile agency history data (C: Biennial Budget Request Preparation)• Check history data to CAFR• Data collection and assimilation• Prepare salary/benefit budget request• Prepare programmatic budget request• Prepare justification detail• Respond to budget request inquiries• Attend justification meetings
Prepare & Prepare & Monitor Detailed Monitor Detailed Agency BudgetsAgency Budgets
Prepare & Prepare & Monitor Detailed Monitor Detailed Agency BudgetsAgency Budgets
• Determine management budget amount (C: Annual Budget Request)• Track budget use vs. actual (F: Management Budgets, Budget Execution)• Recommend account chart changes• Research related to budget• Monitor/analyze budget
• Determine management budget amount (C: Annual Budget Request)• Track budget use vs. actual (F: Management Budgets, Budget Execution)• Recommend account chart changes• Research related to budget• Monitor/analyze budget
Manage Budget Manage Budget Appropriations Appropriations & Allotments& Allotments
Manage Budget Manage Budget Appropriations Appropriations & Allotments& Allotments
• Allocate enacted appropriations (C: Annual Budget Request)• Prepare appropriations/capital project requests (F: Management Budgets, Budget Execution)• Prepare/justify budget modification requests (same as previous)
• Allocate enacted appropriations (C: Annual Budget Request)• Prepare appropriations/capital project requests (F: Management Budgets, Budget Execution)• Prepare/justify budget modification requests (same as previous)
“As Is” Activities
Note: “F,” “M,” and “C” refer to the Financial Management, Material Management, and Cyclical or Support Activities sections, respectively, of the Administrative Services Activities Dictionary. Letters corresponding to sections, along with the corresponding activity heading, are given where applicable and indicate the source of the information. A downward arrow indicates the source was the same for all activities listed.
Note: “F,” “M,” and “C” refer to the Financial Management, Material Management, and Cyclical or Support Activities sections, respectively, of the Administrative Services Activities Dictionary. Letters corresponding to sections, along with the corresponding activity heading, are given where applicable and indicate the source of the information. A downward arrow indicates the source was the same for all activities listed.
2
Disbursements
Redesigned “To Be” Role
Generate Generate DisbursementsDisbursements
Generate Generate DisbursementsDisbursements
• [No “as is” activities corresponding to this area have been identified.]• [No “as is” activities corresponding to this area have been identified.]
Request Request Immediate Immediate
Check from Check from TreasuryTreasury
Request Request Immediate Immediate
Check from Check from TreasuryTreasury
“As Is” Activities
Establish Establish Payable Payable (Straight (Straight
Disbursement)Disbursement)
Establish Establish Payable Payable (Straight (Straight
Disbursement)Disbursement)
• Process check-writer tapes N/A• Refund processing (F: Refund Processing)• Print/distribute report to Treasury (F: Wire Transfer Warrant)• Straight Disbursements (F: Straight Disbursements)• Receive/validate invoices (F: Payments, Central Issued Checks)• Determine proper accounting distribution (same as previous)• Prepare forms/assemble voucher (same as previous) • Transaction data input (same as previous)• Route for approvals (same as previous)• Respond to inquiries (vendor/auditor) (same as previous)
• Process check-writer tapes N/A• Refund processing (F: Refund Processing)• Print/distribute report to Treasury (F: Wire Transfer Warrant)• Straight Disbursements (F: Straight Disbursements)• Receive/validate invoices (F: Payments, Central Issued Checks)• Determine proper accounting distribution (same as previous)• Prepare forms/assemble voucher (same as previous) • Transaction data input (same as previous)• Route for approvals (same as previous)• Respond to inquiries (vendor/auditor) (same as previous)
• [No “as is” activities corresponding to this area have been identified.]• [No “as is” activities corresponding to this area have been identified.]
3
Disbursements
Redesigned “To Be” Role
Establish Establish Recurring Recurring PayablePayable
Establish Establish Recurring Recurring PayablePayable
• [No “as is” activities corresponding to this area have been identified.]• [No “as is” activities corresponding to this area have been identified.]
Monitoring and Monitoring and Approval of Approval of
Disbursements Disbursements and Payablesand Payables
Monitoring and Monitoring and Approval of Approval of
Disbursements Disbursements and Payablesand Payables
“As Is” Activities
Administer Administer ProcardProcard
Administer Administer ProcardProcard
• Procard processing (F: Accounting)• Complete/mail First Chicago forms (M: Setup Procard Administrator Site)• Conduct cardholder training (same as previous)• Complete Office of Controller forms (same as previous)• File STARS (MARS) access request (same as previous) • Download daily files (M: Procard Payment Processing)• Resolve disputed transactions (same as previous) • Create Settlement report (same as previous) • Identify/correct errors (same as previous) • Reconcile receipts to actuals (same as previous)
• Procard processing (F: Accounting)• Complete/mail First Chicago forms (M: Setup Procard Administrator Site)• Conduct cardholder training (same as previous)• Complete Office of Controller forms (same as previous)• File STARS (MARS) access request (same as previous) • Download daily files (M: Procard Payment Processing)• Resolve disputed transactions (same as previous) • Create Settlement report (same as previous) • Identify/correct errors (same as previous) • Reconcile receipts to actuals (same as previous)
• Payroll Processing (F: Accounting)• Payroll Processing (F: Accounting)
4
Fixed Assets
Redesigned “To Be” Role
(Fixed Asset) (Fixed Asset) Property and Property and
Insurance Insurance Control Mgmt.Control Mgmt.
(Fixed Asset) (Fixed Asset) Property and Property and
Insurance Insurance Control Mgmt.Control Mgmt.
• Coordinate asset assignment (F: Asset/Liability Management Processing)• Assign tag number, assigned location & individual (same as previous)• Periodic inventory of fixed assets (same as previous)• Coordinate disposal of fixed assets (same as previous)• Update fixed asset systems for acquisitions (same as previous)• Complete asset “shell” record (same as previous)• Surplus property (same as previous)• Requisition a surplus item (M: Requisition a Surplus Item)• Identify trade-in opportunity (M: Trade-In Surplus Item)• Update inventory and file records (same as previous)• Coordinate surplus property removal/move (M: Trade-In Surplus Item and M: Intra-Cabinet
Surplus Transfer)• Identify potential users (M: Intra-Cabinet Surplus Transfer)• Contact Hazardous Waste branch (M: Trash Surplus Item)• Update records (M: Trash Surplus Item; M: Transfer Item to New
Agency; M: Transfer Item to Local Government; M: Transfer Item to Non-profit Organization)
• Conduct actual transfer (M: Transfer Item to New Agency; M: Transfer Item to Local Government; M: Transfer Item to Non-
profit Organization)• Negotiate transfer terms (same as previous)• Determine eligibility (M: Transfer Item to Non-profit Organization)
• Coordinate asset assignment (F: Asset/Liability Management Processing)• Assign tag number, assigned location & individual (same as previous)• Periodic inventory of fixed assets (same as previous)• Coordinate disposal of fixed assets (same as previous)• Update fixed asset systems for acquisitions (same as previous)• Complete asset “shell” record (same as previous)• Surplus property (same as previous)• Requisition a surplus item (M: Requisition a Surplus Item)• Identify trade-in opportunity (M: Trade-In Surplus Item)• Update inventory and file records (same as previous)• Coordinate surplus property removal/move (M: Trade-In Surplus Item and M: Intra-Cabinet
Surplus Transfer)• Identify potential users (M: Intra-Cabinet Surplus Transfer)• Contact Hazardous Waste branch (M: Trash Surplus Item)• Update records (M: Trash Surplus Item; M: Transfer Item to New
Agency; M: Transfer Item to Local Government; M: Transfer Item to Non-profit Organization)
• Conduct actual transfer (M: Transfer Item to New Agency; M: Transfer Item to Local Government; M: Transfer Item to Non-
profit Organization)• Negotiate transfer terms (same as previous)• Determine eligibility (M: Transfer Item to Non-profit Organization)
Supervision of Supervision of Fixed Asset Fixed Asset
PropertyProperty
Supervision of Supervision of Fixed Asset Fixed Asset
PropertyProperty
“As Is” Activities
Asset/Liability Asset/Liability ManagementManagement
Asset/Liability Asset/Liability ManagementManagement
• Record/maintain insurance coverage information (F: Asset/Liability Management Processing)• Record/maintain insurance coverage information (F: Asset/Liability Management Processing)
• Develop/apply cost recovery methodology (F: Asset/Liability Management Processing)• Coordinate cost recovery billings (same as previous)• Develop/apply depreciation methodology (same as previous)• Track manufacturer warranties (same as previous)• Manage asset “swaps” for component replacements (same as previous)• Handle sealed bid & public auctions (M: Sealed Bids and M: Public Auction)
• Develop/apply cost recovery methodology (F: Asset/Liability Management Processing)• Coordinate cost recovery billings (same as previous)• Develop/apply depreciation methodology (same as previous)• Track manufacturer warranties (same as previous)• Manage asset “swaps” for component replacements (same as previous)• Handle sealed bid & public auctions (M: Sealed Bids and M: Public Auction)
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General Accounting
Redesigned “To Be” Role
Agency Fiscal Agency Fiscal Management/ Management/ SupervisionSupervision
Agency Fiscal Agency Fiscal Management/ Management/ SupervisionSupervision
“As Is” Activities
Table Table MaintenanceMaintenance
Table Table MaintenanceMaintenance
• Maintain chart of accounts (F: Accounting)• Maintain financial system reference tables (same as previous)• Maintain chart of accounts (F: Accounting)• Maintain financial system reference tables (same as previous)
• Verify Journal Voucher (JV) transactions (F: Journal Vouchers)• Train end users (F: Accounting)• Verify Journal Voucher (JV) transactions (F: Journal Vouchers)• Train end users (F: Accounting)
Error CorrectionError CorrectionError CorrectionError Correction
• [No “as is” activities corresponding to this area have been identified.]• [No “as is” activities corresponding to this area have been identified.]
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General Accounting
Redesigned “To Be” Role
Maintain CodesMaintain CodesMaintain CodesMaintain Codes
“As Is” Activities
Processing Processing Journal Journal
VouchersVouchers
Processing Processing Journal Journal
VouchersVouchers
• Process/input JV’s (F: Journal Vouchers)• Process/input JV’s (F: Journal Vouchers)
• [No “as is” activities corresponding to this area have been identified.]• [No “as is” activities corresponding to this area have been identified.]
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General Accounting
Redesigned “To Be” Role
Processing/ Processing/ Manage LoansManage LoansProcessing/ Processing/
Manage LoansManage Loans
• [No “as is” activities corresponding to this area have been identified.]• [No “as is” activities corresponding to this area have been identified.]
Manage Funds Manage Funds AvailabilityAvailability
Manage Funds Manage Funds AvailabilityAvailability
“As Is” Activities
Accounting Accounting ManagerManager
Accounting Accounting ManagerManager
• Supervise clerical/professional staff (F: Accounting)• Develop policy/procedure manual (same as previous)• Analyze proposed business policies (same as previous)• Handle internal inquiries (same as previous)• Handle internal inquiries (same as previous)• Request for approval of bank account(s) (F: Request for Approval of Bank Account)• Develop/maintain policies/procedures (F: Accounts Receivable)
• Supervise clerical/professional staff (F: Accounting)• Develop policy/procedure manual (same as previous)• Analyze proposed business policies (same as previous)• Handle internal inquiries (same as previous)• Handle internal inquiries (same as previous)• Request for approval of bank account(s) (F: Request for Approval of Bank Account)• Develop/maintain policies/procedures (F: Accounts Receivable)
• [No “as is” activities corresponding to this area have been identified.]• [No “as is” activities corresponding to this area have been identified.]
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Internal Orders and Billing
Redesigned “To Be” Role
Process Internal Process Internal Bills - BuyerBills - Buyer
Process Internal Process Internal Bills - BuyerBills - Buyer
• Enter/track IA transactions (F: Internal/External Billing)• Approve Billing
• Enter/track IA transactions (F: Internal/External Billing)• Approve Billing
“As Is” Activities
Process Internal Process Internal Bills - SellerBills - Seller
Process Internal Process Internal Bills - SellerBills - Seller
• Create IA billing (F: Internal/External Billing)• Approve billing
• Create IA billing (F: Internal/External Billing)• Approve billing
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Inventory
Redesigned “To Be” Role
Consumable Consumable Inventory Inventory
ManagementManagement
Consumable Consumable Inventory Inventory
ManagementManagement
• Review minor object code expenses (M: Inventory Additions, Non Fixed Asset)• Enter data (same as previous)• Perform physical counts (M: Inventory, Non Fixed Asset)• Work with inventory officer during physical counts (same as previous)• Record purchases, issues, transfers & adjustments (same as previous)• Calculate cost of goods sold (proprietary funds) (same as previous)• Maintain office inventory records (same as previous)• Develop and maintain agency inventory (same as previous)
tracking systems
• Review minor object code expenses (M: Inventory Additions, Non Fixed Asset)• Enter data (same as previous)• Perform physical counts (M: Inventory, Non Fixed Asset)• Work with inventory officer during physical counts (same as previous)• Record purchases, issues, transfers & adjustments (same as previous)• Calculate cost of goods sold (proprietary funds) (same as previous)• Maintain office inventory records (same as previous)• Develop and maintain agency inventory (same as previous)
tracking systems
“As Is” Activities
10
Projects, Grants & Cost Allocation
Redesigned “To Be” Role
Grant Setup, Grant Setup, Monitoring & Monitoring &
ReportingReporting
Grant Setup, Grant Setup, Monitoring & Monitoring &
ReportingReporting
• Transaction input/data entry (F: Grants/Federal Draws)• Maintain reference tables• Enforce grant provision compliance• Create/distribute grant reports
• Transaction input/data entry (F: Grants/Federal Draws)• Maintain reference tables• Enforce grant provision compliance• Create/distribute grant reports
Grant Grant ManagementManagement
Grant Grant ManagementManagement
“As Is” Activities
$$$$
Cost Allocation Cost Allocation ExpertExpert
Cost Allocation Cost Allocation ExpertExpert
• Develop/maintain methodologies (F: Cost Allocation)• Develop/maintain support systems• Review cost allocation reports• Handle auditor or compliance inquiries
• Develop/maintain methodologies (F: Cost Allocation)• Develop/maintain support systems• Review cost allocation reports• Handle auditor or compliance inquiries
• Assist auditor during review (F: Grants/Federal Draws)• Respond to audit inquiries• Assist auditor during review (F: Grants/Federal Draws)• Respond to audit inquiries
11
Purchasing & Payables
Redesigned “To Be” Role
Goods & Goods & Services Services
ProcurementProcurement
Goods & Goods & Services Services
ProcurementProcurement
• Determine bid method (M: Bid)• Create invitation for bid (same as previous)• Enter requisitions associated with bid (same as previous)• Select vendors (same as previous) • Select terms and conditions (same as previous)• Prepare invitation format (same as previous)• Compile/post invitation (same as previous)• Conduct Pre-bid conference (same as previous)• Prepare bid addenda (same as previous)• Deliver hardcopy to vendor (same as previous)• Copy/mail bid (same as previous)• Evaluate bids (M: Contract Award)• Complete bid recap sheet (same as previous)• Select winning bids (same as previous)• Determine best value bidder (same as previous)• Determine eligibility of vendor (same as previous) • Create PO/contract (same as previous)• Track and resolve protests (same as previous)• Review/authorize award (same as previous)• Record/input encumbrance/obligation (F: Encumbrance/Obligation Processing)• Initiate change-order requests (same as previous)• Resolve discrepancies with vendor (same as previous)• Liquidate unexpended encumbrance funds (same as previous)• Edit Contract (M: Contract Administration)
• Determine bid method (M: Bid)• Create invitation for bid (same as previous)• Enter requisitions associated with bid (same as previous)• Select vendors (same as previous) • Select terms and conditions (same as previous)• Prepare invitation format (same as previous)• Compile/post invitation (same as previous)• Conduct Pre-bid conference (same as previous)• Prepare bid addenda (same as previous)• Deliver hardcopy to vendor (same as previous)• Copy/mail bid (same as previous)• Evaluate bids (M: Contract Award)• Complete bid recap sheet (same as previous)• Select winning bids (same as previous)• Determine best value bidder (same as previous)• Determine eligibility of vendor (same as previous) • Create PO/contract (same as previous)• Track and resolve protests (same as previous)• Review/authorize award (same as previous)• Record/input encumbrance/obligation (F: Encumbrance/Obligation Processing)• Initiate change-order requests (same as previous)• Resolve discrepancies with vendor (same as previous)• Liquidate unexpended encumbrance funds (same as previous)• Edit Contract (M: Contract Administration)
Initiate & Initiate & Request Goods Request Goods
or Servicesor Services
Initiate & Initiate & Request Goods Request Goods
or Servicesor Services
“As Is” Activities
Purchasing Purchasing SupportSupport
Purchasing Purchasing SupportSupport
• Read bid publicly (M: Bid)• Deliver hardcopy to buyer (same as previous)• Copy/mail bid (same as previous)• Print label sets (same as previous)• Record price quotes (M: Contract Award)• Monitor vendor invoices (F: Encumbrance/Obligation Processing)• Match invoice with order/receipt (M: Order from Catalog)
• Read bid publicly (M: Bid)• Deliver hardcopy to buyer (same as previous)• Copy/mail bid (same as previous)• Print label sets (same as previous)• Record price quotes (M: Contract Award)• Monitor vendor invoices (F: Encumbrance/Obligation Processing)• Match invoice with order/receipt (M: Order from Catalog)
• Determine items and specs (M: Create Purchase Requisition)• Create requisition header (same as previous)• Enter appropriate data (same as previous)• Post for approval (same as previous)• Create/route requisition (M: Bid)• Verify order receipt (M: Order from Catalog)• Forms requisition (M: Forms Requisition)
• Determine items and specs (M: Create Purchase Requisition)• Create requisition header (same as previous)• Enter appropriate data (same as previous)• Post for approval (same as previous)• Create/route requisition (M: Bid)• Verify order receipt (M: Order from Catalog)• Forms requisition (M: Forms Requisition)
12
Purchasing & Payables
Redesigned “To Be” Role
ReceiverReceiverReceiverReceiver
• Originate payable transaction (F: Encumbrance/Obligation Processing)• Enter receiving data (M: Order from Catalog)• Originate payable transaction (F: Encumbrance/Obligation Processing)• Enter receiving data (M: Order from Catalog)
Contract Contract AdministrationAdministration
Contract Contract AdministrationAdministration
“As Is” Activities
• Monitor vendor service level (M: Contract Administration)• Resolve complaints (same as previous)• Monitor vendor service level (M: Contract Administration)• Resolve complaints (same as previous)
13
Revenue & Receivables
Redesigned “To Be” Role
Create & Create & Process Process
Accounts Accounts ReceivableReceivable
Create & Create & Process Process
Accounts Accounts ReceivableReceivable
• Enter data (F: Accounts Receivable)• Print/distribute billing statements (same as previous)• Respond to customer inquiries (same as previous)• Print/distribute re-bill requests (same as previous)• Develop/maintain tracking systems (same as previous)• Update customer/taxpayer records (F: Cash Receipts Management)
• Enter data (F: Accounts Receivable)• Print/distribute billing statements (same as previous)• Respond to customer inquiries (same as previous)• Print/distribute re-bill requests (same as previous)• Develop/maintain tracking systems (same as previous)• Update customer/taxpayer records (F: Cash Receipts Management)
Approve Approve Accounts Accounts
ReceivableReceivable
Approve Approve Accounts Accounts
ReceivableReceivable
“As Is” Activities
Initiate Cash Initiate Cash ReceiptsReceipts
Initiate Cash Initiate Cash ReceiptsReceipts
• [No “as-is” activities corresponding to this role have been identified.]• [No “as-is” activities corresponding to this role have been identified.]
• [No “as-is” activities corresponding to this role have been identified.]• [No “as-is” activities corresponding to this role have been identified.]
14
Revenue & Receivables
Redesigned “To Be” Role
Cash Receipts Cash Receipts SupportSupport
Cash Receipts Cash Receipts SupportSupport
• Sort/open incoming mail (F: Cash Receipts/Management)• Prioritize work remittances for processing• Sort/open incoming mail (F: Cash Receipts/Management)• Prioritize work remittances for processing
Create & Create & Process Cash Process Cash
ReceiptsReceipts
Create & Create & Process Cash Process Cash
ReceiptsReceipts
“As Is” Activities
Internal Internal Approval of Approval of
Cash ReceiptsCash Receipts
Internal Internal Approval of Approval of
Cash ReceiptsCash Receipts
• Determine proper accounting distribution (F: Cash Receipts/Management)• Prepare and route deposits• Determine proper accounting distribution (F: Cash Receipts/Management)• Prepare and route deposits
• Match payment with remittance (F: Cash Receipts/Management)• Catalog/number remittance and receipt• Endorse remittance checks• Update customer/taxpayer records• Fund transfer (local to central)
• Match payment with remittance (F: Cash Receipts/Management)• Catalog/number remittance and receipt• Endorse remittance checks• Update customer/taxpayer records• Fund transfer (local to central)
15
Revenue & Receivables
Redesigned “To Be” Role
Final Approval Final Approval of Cash Receiptsof Cash ReceiptsFinal Approval Final Approval
of Cash Receiptsof Cash Receipts
• [No “as is” activities corresponding to this area have been identified.]• [No “as is” activities corresponding to this area have been identified.]
Maintain Maintain Customer FilesCustomer Files
Maintain Maintain Customer FilesCustomer Files
“As Is” Activities
Collection of Collection of Delinquent Delinquent Accounts Accounts
ReceivableReceivable
Collection of Collection of Delinquent Delinquent Accounts Accounts
ReceivableReceivable
• Age outstanding receivables (F: Accounts Receivable)• Print/distribute delinquent notices (same as previous)• Create list of delinquent vendors (F: Vendor Offset/Intercept)• Coordinate joint collection effort (same as previous) • Update customer/taxpayer records (F: Cash Receipts Management)
• Age outstanding receivables (F: Accounts Receivable)• Print/distribute delinquent notices (same as previous)• Create list of delinquent vendors (F: Vendor Offset/Intercept)• Coordinate joint collection effort (same as previous) • Update customer/taxpayer records (F: Cash Receipts Management)
• Establish vendor file (F: Vendor Processing)• Establish vendor file (F: Vendor Processing)
16
Revenue & Receivables
Redesigned “To Be” Role
Write-Off Write-Off Delinquent Delinquent Accounts Accounts
ReceivableReceivable
Write-Off Write-Off Delinquent Delinquent Accounts Accounts
ReceivableReceivable
• Recommend adjustment/write-offs (F: Accounts Receivable)• Update customer/taxpayer records (F: Cash Receipts Management)• Recommend adjustment/write-offs (F: Accounts Receivable)• Update customer/taxpayer records (F: Cash Receipts Management)
“As Is” Activities
17
Travel
Redesigned “To Be” Role
Prepare Expense Prepare Expense VoucherVoucher
Prepare Expense Prepare Expense VoucherVoucher
• [No “as is” activities corresponding to this area have been identified.]• [No “as is” activities corresponding to this area have been identified.]
Authorize Authorize Expense Expense VoucherVoucher
Authorize Authorize Expense Expense VoucherVoucher
• [No “as is” activities corresponding to this area have been identified.]• [No “as is” activities corresponding to this area have been identified.]
“As Is” Activities
18
Agency Administrative Processes
Redesigned “To Be” Role
Financial Financial ReportingReportingFinancial Financial ReportingReporting
• Report capitalized leases• Identify accruals• Perform physical inventory• Research inventory discrepancies• Fixed asset reporting/reconciliation• Develop audit confirmation reports• Analyze actuarial liability projections
• Report capitalized leases• Identify accruals• Perform physical inventory• Research inventory discrepancies• Fixed asset reporting/reconciliation• Develop audit confirmation reports• Analyze actuarial liability projections
Agency Security Agency Security ManagementManagement
Agency Security Agency Security ManagementManagement
“As Is” Activities
Establish Establish Agency Agency
WorkflowWorkflow
Establish Establish Agency Agency
WorkflowWorkflow
• [to be completed]• [to be completed]
• [to be completed]• [to be completed]
19
Agency Administrative Processes
Redesigned “To Be” Role
Records Records ManagementManagement
Records Records ManagementManagement
• [To be completed]• [To be completed]
Agency System Agency System AdministrationAdministrationAgency System Agency System AdministrationAdministration
“As Is” Activities
• [To be completed]• [To be completed]