1 california juvenile justice policy and funding update pacific juvenile defender center roundtable...
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CALIFORNIACALIFORNIAJUVENILE JUSTICE POLICY JUVENILE JUSTICE POLICY
AND FUNDING UPDATEAND FUNDING UPDATE
PACIFIC JUVENILE DEFENDER CENTERPACIFIC JUVENILE DEFENDER CENTER
Roundtable & Training SessionRoundtable & Training SessionSeptember 22, 2012 – San Francisco, CASeptember 22, 2012 – San Francisco, CA
Presented by: David SteinhartPresented by: David Steinhart
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COVERAGECOVERAGE Juvenile crime and incarceration trendsJuvenile crime and incarceration trends
Update on juvenile arrests (statewide)Update on juvenile arrests (statewide) Facility confinement trendsFacility confinement trends Juveniles tried & sentenced as adultsJuveniles tried & sentenced as adults
Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) updateDivision of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) update Governor’s full shutdown proposal– counties squash it in 2012Governor’s full shutdown proposal– counties squash it in 2012 DJJ population in 2012DJJ population in 2012 DJJ law & budget changes adopted in 2012- and key casesDJJ law & budget changes adopted in 2012- and key cases Future prospects for DJJ downsizingFuture prospects for DJJ downsizing
Juvenile Justice Realignment– county level issuesJuvenile Justice Realignment– county level issues Funding for realignment– and the State Auditor’s ReportFunding for realignment– and the State Auditor’s Report Persistent concerns about local sentences & levels of carePersistent concerns about local sentences & levels of care
The Board of State and Community CorrectionsThe Board of State and Community Corrections Emerging juvenile justice policy and funding roleEmerging juvenile justice policy and funding role
Other statewide issues of interestOther statewide issues of interest November tax initiative– impact on public safety grantsNovember tax initiative– impact on public safety grants Pending legislative measures: school discipline, LWOPPending legislative measures: school discipline, LWOP Leadership for change in CaliforniaLeadership for change in California
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California juvenile arrest California juvenile arrest
and incarceration trendsand incarceration trends
44
California Arrests of Juveniles California Arrests of Juveniles 20102010
Status Offense27,594
Felony other38,820
Felony violent13,200
Misdemeanor106,253 2010
TOTAL JUVENILE ARRESTS
185,867(down from
210,486 in 2001)
Source: California Department of Justice
Commonweal
8791685640
82748
76104
685036388963993
61539608785987161161651896619165163
58555
52020
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Total Juv. Felony Arrests (left scale) Fel. Arrest Rate Per 100,000 (right scale)
Source: California Department of Justice
California Juvenile Felony Arrests andCalifornia Juvenile Felony Arrests andJuvenile Felony Arrest Rate Per 100,000Juvenile Felony Arrest Rate Per 100,000
1995-20101995-2010
Commonweal
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California Arrests for VIOLENT crimesCalifornia Arrests for VIOLENT crimesJuvenile and Adult Arrest Juvenile and Adult Arrest RateRate Per 100,000 Per 100,000
1995-20101995-2010
100
200
300
400
500
600
70019
95
1996
1997
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Juvenile Adult
Source: California Department of JusticeCommonweal
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California Transfers of Juveniles California Transfers of Juveniles to Adult Criminal Court 2004 - 2010to Adult Criminal Court 2004 - 2010
252318 275
335 346254
283343
724
866769 716
535661
929
11231201
1115
970
399
654
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Juvenile court remand to adult court
Prosecutor direct file in adult court
Total transferred to adult court
Source: California Department of JusticeCommonweal
Adult Court Dispositions of Juveniles – 2010
(N = 715 dispositions)
Convicted607 (85%)
Dismissed,Acquitted orRt’d to Juv.
Ct.108 (15%)
State Prison379 (62%)
Probation19 (3%)
Probation with Jail185 (31%)
Jail8 (1 %)
Fine / Other11 (2%)
Source: California Department of Justice.
DJJ Commitment 5 (<1%)
Commonweal
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California Juvenile Justice FacilitiesCalifornia Juvenile Justice FacilitiesAverage Daily PopulationsAverage Daily Populations
By placement type (4By placement type (4thth quarter 2009 and 2011) quarter 2009 and 2011)ADP 2009 = 14,300 ADP 2009 = 14,300 ADP 2011= 10,800ADP 2011= 10,800
Sources: CA Corrections Standards Authority, CA Division of Juvenile Justice, CA Department of Social Services (Berkeley Center for Social Services Research), latest available data.
Co. Juvenile Halls6,200
Co. Probation Camps 3,700
Private Placements3,000 (est)
State DJJ1,400
Commonweal
State DJJ1,000
Co. Probation Camps 2,900
Co. Juvenile Halls4,900
Private Placements2,000 (est)
2009 2011
1010
Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ)Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ)
Update and trendsUpdate and trends
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California Division of Juvenile FacilitiesCalifornia Division of Juvenile FacilitiesInstitutional PopulationInstitutional Population
1996 – 2011 (as of December 31 each year) 1996 – 2011 (as of December 31 each year)
9572
85998083
76667305
6497
5557
4696
36782999
26472293
1734160212751031
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
Source: Ca. Dept. of Corrections & Rehabilitation
SB 81
Commonweal
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1996: 1996: Sliding scale feesSliding scale fees imposed for level V-VII imposed for level V-VII commitments– CYA population drops swiftly commitments– CYA population drops swiftly
2000: 2000: Proposition 21Proposition 21 opens new doors to adult court opens new doors to adult court
2004: 2004: Consent Decree in Consent Decree in FarrellFarrell case case vs. CYA– vs. CYA– generates generates program costs that are catalysts for SB program costs that are catalysts for SB 81 81
2007: 2007: SB 81SB 81 bans future commitments of non-707 bans future commitments of non-707 youthyouth
2010: 2010: DJJ parole is realignedDJJ parole is realigned to county probation to county probation
2012: Governor 2012: Governor proposes to close DJJproposes to close DJJ, proposal dies , proposal dies but time adds are banned, age of jurisdiction is but time adds are banned, age of jurisdiction is lowerredlowerred
Downsizing the CA Div. of Juvenile Downsizing the CA Div. of Juvenile Justice Justice
Major Milestones 1996 -2012Major Milestones 1996 -2012
DJJ POP
10,000
1,000
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1313
CYA-DJF Institution CYA-DJF Institution Closures Since 2000Closures Since 2000
CLOSEDCLOSED
FACLITIESFACLITIESRatedRated
CapacityCapacityYear Year
ClosedClosed
Fred Fred NellesNelles
650650 20032003
Karl Karl HoltonHolton
388388 20042004
NCRCNCRC 326326 20042004
DW DW NelsonNelson
433433 20072007
Paso Paso RoblesRobles
690690 20082008
Stark Stark 12001200 20092009
PrestonPreston 720720 20112011
SCRC SCRC 350350 20122012
TotalTotal 4,7574,757 ----
STILLSTILL
OPENOPENRatedRated
CapacitCapacityy
ChaderjiaChaderjiann
600600
OH CloseOH Close 379379
Ventura- Ventura- MM
381381
Ventura- FVentura- F 295295
TotalTotal 1,6551,655
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Juv Court Commitment Juv Court Parole ViolatorAdult Court E & M Cases
Juvenile Court 1st Commitments (709)
Adult Court E & M Cases (157)
Juvenile Court Parole Violators (56)
Source: CA Division of Juvenile Facilities, Research Div.
DJJ Institutional Population June 30, 2012DJJ Institutional Population June 30, 2012by Court and Type of Commitmentby Court and Type of Commitment
N= 922 inmatesN= 922 inmates
Commonweal
Governor Proposes Full closure of DJJ in 2012Governor Proposes Full closure of DJJ in 2012Counties rebel against the plan, Counties rebel against the plan,
Advocates are divided on shutdown termsAdvocates are divided on shutdown terms
Governor’s plan: close DJJ, pay counties $200 ml. more County response: “forget about it”
Cite public safety concerns, lack of treatment resources
Shutdown proposal is pulled back by Governor- dies Advocates split on merits
Some press for complete shutdown. Others say shutdown premature without safeguards to stop flow of youth to state prison
Prospects for future shutdown of what’s left of DJJ are dim
DJJ Legislative Outcome - 2012
In lieu of closure, modest downsizing controls wereadopted in budget trailer bills in 2012:
DJJ time adds to sentence are eliminated completely
Top DJJ age of jurisdiction drops from 25 to 23
The 2011 county commitment fee is reduced from $125,000 to $24,000 per ward per year
State parole will now end 18 months earlier (Jan. 2013)
Commonweal
In re C.H. Ca Supreme Court, 53 Cal.4th 94 (Dec. 2011) Opinion interprets SB 81 language as failing to authorize commitments
of non WIC 707(b) sex offenders to DJJ Legislature quickly responds by rewriting the statute to clarify the
court’s authority to commit a non-707 sex offender to DJJ (AB 324, effective
For still-confined sex offenders sent to DJJ between 2007-2012 (N=65), whose commitments were invalid under In re C.H., AB 324 permits DJJ to keep them in DJJ to age 21 under contract with the committing county. (
In re Greg F. (CA Supreme Court, August 2012, docket S191868) Upholds dismissal of lesser prior using WIC 782 to validate DJJ
commitment on a prior WIC 707(b) offense (reversing the DCA on this). Holds that Legislature never intended WIC 733 commitment language
limit to trump Juvenile Court discretion to dismiss under WIC 782 Result: Ward with county disposition on a WIC 707/sex case can be
leapfrogged into DJJ by dismissing an intervening, non-qualifying offense.
Cases affecting DJJ commitments in 2012
Juvenile Justice Realignment--
County level issues
1919
Funding the CA Juvenile Justice Funding the CA Juvenile Justice System--System--
Annual costs and fund sources Annual costs and fund sources ((2012)2012)
State Div. of Juvenile Justice (DJJ)Total budget $ 180 million
$ 180 millionState General Fund
County Probation Juv. Justice facilitiesand programs- total $1.7 billion
$1.25 billion est.County General Funds
$390 millionCA State Grants and Funds
$15 million est.Federal Funds
Sources: CA State Dept. of Finance; CDCR (DJJ and the Corrections Standards Authority); CA State Juv. Justice Commission (Master Plan, 2009)
Commonweal
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State support for local juvenile justice State support for local juvenile justice operations under 2011-12 realignmentoperations under 2011-12 realignment
Fund or ProgramFund or Program FY 11/12 FY 11/12 FY 12/13FY 12/13
2007 Juv. Justice 2007 Juv. Justice Realignment (SB 81)Realignment (SB 81)
$93 million$93 million $ 93 million$ 93 million
2010 Div. Juv. Justice 2010 Div. Juv. Justice Parole RealignmentParole Realignment
$ 10 million$ 10 million $10 million$10 million
Juv. Justice Crime Prev. Juv. Justice Crime Prev. Act (JJCPA)Act (JJCPA)
$ 107 million $ 107 million $ 107 million$ 107 million
Juvenile ProbationJuvenile Probation
Camp Funds- Camp Funds- CampsCamps$29 million$29 million $29 million$29 million
Juvenile Probation Camp Juvenile Probation Camp Funds- Funds- ProgramsPrograms
$ 152 million$ 152 million $ 152 million$ 152 million
TotalTotal $ 391 million$ 391 million $ 391 million$ 391 million
CommonwealSources: CA Dept of Finance, Cal. State Association of Counties
DJJ Realignment implementation--County issues and challenges
State Auditor’s Report (Sep. 2012) slams CSA and Legislature on SB 81 goals and performance measures
Varied county responses to the realigned DJJ caseload: Special custody programs– e.g. Los Angeles camp Long term juvenile hall commitments– a growing concern Still unresolved: mental health, other local treatment needs
State oversight of juvenile justice realignment— BSCC could assert a stronger leadership and coordination role,
but it is too early to tell
Commonweal
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County Allocations of State JJ Funds County Allocations of State JJ Funds 10 largest for FY 09/10 (in $ millions)10 largest for FY 09/10 (in $ millions)
COMBINED JJCPA, JPCF and YOBG ALLOCATIONSCOMBINED JJCPA, JPCF and YOBG ALLOCATIONS
$64.7
$8.1
$9.0
$11.0
$12.8
$16.3
$16.3
$18.4
$23.8
$49.4
$108.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
All others
Co.Costa
Kern
Sac'mento
Alameda
S.Clara
Riverside
S. B'dino
S. Diego
Orange
L.A.
$ Millions FY 09-10
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Csa and bsccCsa and bscc
BSCC replaced Corrections Standards Authority effective July 1, BSCC replaced Corrections Standards Authority effective July 1, 20122012
Mandates includeMandates include Oversee adult and juvenile corrections realignment– major focus on adultOversee adult and juvenile corrections realignment– major focus on adult From CSA: juvenile justice grants (program, construction), facility From CSA: juvenile justice grants (program, construction), facility
standards, data standards, data An expanded mission statement- leadership on community correctionsAn expanded mission statement- leadership on community corrections
BSCC structureBSCC structure Independence from CDCRIndependence from CDCR A smaller, reconstituted Board (12 members)A smaller, reconstituted Board (12 members) Mandated stakeholder involvement in decision makingMandated stakeholder involvement in decision making
BSCC Juvenile Justice roleBSCC Juvenile Justice role Remains to be seen how BSCC will take lead on juvenile justice policy and Remains to be seen how BSCC will take lead on juvenile justice policy and
programs, or how it will modify CSA style and approach on key issuesprograms, or how it will modify CSA style and approach on key issues
Board of State and Community Board of State and Community CorrectionsCorrections
Juvenile Justice Mission & MandatesJuvenile Justice Mission & Mandates
Commonweal
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Other statewide issues Other statewide issues of interestof interest
November ballot tax measures—November ballot tax measures— Fallout if Governor’s tax initiative (Prop 30) failsFallout if Governor’s tax initiative (Prop 30) fails
Bills pending with the GovernorBills pending with the Governor SB 9 (Yee, Review of Juvenile LWOP sentences)SB 9 (Yee, Review of Juvenile LWOP sentences) School discipline & expulsion reform billsSchool discipline & expulsion reform bills
Juvenile Justice policy issues on tap for 2013Juvenile Justice policy issues on tap for 2013& who are the lead policymakers in Sacramento?& who are the lead policymakers in Sacramento?