1 careers in radiologic technology (final) radiologic technologist –radiographer –x-ray...
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CAREERS IN RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY (FINAL)
• RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGIST– RADIOGRAPHER– X-RAY
TECHNOLOGIST
• “ TECHNICIAN”– Limited License
• RADIOLOGIST– Medical doctor
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What does a Radiologic Technologist
do?
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A “Radiologic Technologist” (or Radiographer)
• Medical Professional
– In a challenging field
• Safely uses x-rays to image anatomy – Positions– Using sophisticated technology– Practices radiation protection
• Provides quality-diagnostic images– Assists DR – Communicates with patient– Practices patient privacy
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Registered Technologist
R.T.• Dawn Charman, M.Ed., RT (R)(M), CRT(R)(F)• Kelly Clark, M.S.R.T. RT (R)(CT), CRT(R)(F)• Mina Colunga, B.S.R.T. RT (R), CRT(R)(F)
ARRT – R.T.State of California– C.R.T.
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Radiologic Technologist
• ECC program is for an entry level into the profession
• Radiation Therapy and Nuclear Medicine would require additional education
Certification/licenses• ARRT- American Registry of Radiologic
Technologies– Provides national certification
• CRT-- California Registered Technologist– After completing ARRT exam you pay a fee and get your
California license to practice– A separate test is taken for fluoroscopy
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Certification vs. License• ARRT
– National certification• R.T.
– Must take an exam• Pass with 75%
– Can take this after completing program
• CRT– State Licensing– Must pass ARRT
exam to get this– Pay fee to get
radiography license (R)
– Take fluoroscopy exam and pay a fee for (F) license
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All types of EXAMS & PEOPLE
• Infants• Elderly• All classes• All ethnicity• All backgrounds
• Head to toes• Trauma• Special procedures• Critical patients• Walk ins• Surgery
8 FIG. 4–2 Radiologic science professionals must use advanced critical thinking skills when handling all patient care situations.
Elsevier items and derived items © 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Radiologic Technologist
•Must be able to communicate effectively with:
•Patients, staff, & peers
•Must use:
•good judgment
•Critical thinking skills
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Critical Thinking
• Involves sound, professional judgment
• Applied with high ethical standard
• And integrity
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Critical Thinking
• Analysis
• Synthesis
• Evaluation
• Critique
• Achieved through– Role Playing– Lab experiments– Case Studies
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Patient Communication
• Interacting with the patient
• Interacting with family and friends
• Methods of Effective Communication
• Age as a factor in Patient Interactions
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Communication & Adaptingto Special Condition Patients
• Traumatized Patients
• Visually Impaired Patients
• Speech and Hearing Impaired Patients
• Non-English Speaking Patients
• Mentally Impaired Patients
• Substance Abusers
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Education in the Radiologic Sciences at ECC
• Didactic Curriculum (lecture)– Specifically describes the objectives – What the students will learn– How they will learn (instructional activities)
• Clinical– Hospital training– Apply didactic principals to clinical setting
14FIG. 5–1 The articulation of didactic, laboratory, and clinical instruction.
(From Ford C, ed: Clinical education for the allied health professions, St Louis, 1978, Mosby.)
RT ProgramsDidactic and Clinical Education
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Types of Diagnostic Exams
• Chest
• Extremities
• Skull/ Facial
• Spine
• Gastrointestinal
• Interventional
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LEARNING
• COGNITIVE – – thought / knowledge
• PSYCHOMOTOR –– physical actions
• AFFECTIVE – – guided by feelings
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Some studies of spinal trauma have recorded a missed injury rate as high as 33%.
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Comminuted Open
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ELDERLY
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INFANTS & CHILDREN
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SURGERY
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Fluoroscopy
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TECHNOLOGIST
• FLUOROSCOPY
• Dawn Charman RT (R), (F)
• CONTRAST MEDIA (X-RAY DYE)
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ARRT Standards Accrediting Agencies
• Joint Review Committee on Educational Programs in Nuclear Medicine Technology (JRCNMT)
• Committee on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) in collaboration with the Joint Review Committee on Education in Diagnostic Medical Sonography (JRC-DMS)
• Regional Institutional Accrediting Agencies (degree-granting divisions) WSAC
• Conjoint Accreditation Services of the Canadian Medical Association
• Australian Institute of Radiography
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Accrediting Agencies
• SCHOOLS/PROGRAMS
• JRCERT: Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology
• HOSPITAL ACCREDITATION
• JCAHO :Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare (Hospital) Organizations
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“Alphabet Soup”NATIONAL & STATE LICENSES
ARRT = (R.T.)American Registry of Radiologic TechnologyR.T. – Certification in Radiologic Technology
CRT – Certified Radiologic Technology State of California, Dept of Health - Radiation Health Branch– Licensing to practice in California
C.R.T. (R) (F) (M)Radiography, Fluoroscopy, Mammography
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5 Primary Exams
• Radiography (R)
• Nuclear Medicine Technology (NM)
• Radiation Therapy (T)
• Sonography (US) (RDMS)
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR)
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Post Primary
• Cardiovascular-Interventional Radiography (CVIT)– Note: No longer available for
new candidates
• Mammography (M)
• Computed Tomography(CT)
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR) or (MRI)– Note: Both a primary and post-
primary track
• Quality Management (QM)
• Sonography (US) or (RDMS)– Note: Both a primary and post-
primary track
• Bone Densitometry (BD) • Vascular Sonography• • Cardiac-Interventional
Radiography (CI)
• Vascular-Interventional Radiography (VI)
• Breast Sonography
• Registered Radiologist Assistant (RA)
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“Alphabet Soup”KNOW THESE!
J.R.C.E.R.T - Joint Review Committee on Education in
Radiologic Technology
J.C.A.H.O – Joint Commission of Accreditation of
Healthcare Organizations
A.R.R.T-American Registry of Radiologic Technologists
Beyond Diagnostic Radiography
Advanced Modalities
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ADVANCED SKILL LEVELS• CAT SCAN (CT) • MRI (MR)• ANGIOGRAPHY (CIT) (CV)• RADIATION THERAPY (T)• MAMMOGRAPHY (M)• Bone Densitometry (BD)• ULTRASOUND (RDMS)• NUCLEAR MEDICINE(NM)
– PET– SPECT
• MANAGEMENT (BS)• EDUCATION (BS,MEd, PhD EDD)
MAMMOGRAPHY
Dawn Charman, RT (M)
RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING OF THE
BREAST Diagnostic for breast cancer
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Bone Densitometry
“low dose
Radiation”
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BONE DENSITOMETRY
• JOE RUIZ, RT (R) (BD)
• POST PRIMARY EXAM BEGAN IN JANUARY 2001
• ??? May also have certification w/o RT ????
• MEASURING MINERAL CONTENT AND DENSITY OF BONES
38FIG. 1–7 A nuclear medicine technologist performs procedures requiring the use of radioactive substances.
(Courtesy of Philips Medical Systems.)
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CAT SCAN & MRI
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Computed Tomography
• Kelly Clark, RT (R) (CT)
• 1995 began post primary exam
41FIG. 1–9 A computed tomographic technologist uses a computerized x-ray system to produce sectional anatomic images of the body.
(Courtesy of Philips Medical Systems.)
CT SCANNER
• USES• RADIATION – AND A
COMPUTER • TO RECONSTRUCT• IMAGES
• 3-D
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C T SCANNER
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Electron Beam Tomography
EBT
WHOLE BODY
SCANNER
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Risk factor
• HIGH DOSES ?
• WHAT YOU DON’T• KNOW …….
• ‘FALSE POSITIVE’S”• NOW THAT YOU KNOW – WHAT ARE
YOU GOING TO DO ABOUT IT? =
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Radiation Dose
• EBT scans expose the patient to about 1/5th the radiation of a multi-slice CT scanner.
• OR so they tell you..• $$$$$$$$
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• RT (R) (MRI) or
• RT (T) (MRI) or (N) (MRI)
• 1995 ARRT began post primary exams
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MRI SIGNAL PRODUCTION
• Images are crated by interaction of Magnet field, radio waves with tissue
• Atoms – Nucleus – Electrons
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MRI SAFETY
USE NON MAGNETIC MATERIALS
CAN CAUSE HARM TO PATIENT & PERSONELL
1 REPORTED DEATH FROM O2 TANK & 6YO PATIENT
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MRI
• NOT IONIZING RADIATION
• USES MAGENTIC RESONANCE
• (RADIO WAVES)
• Jane Schultz, R.T. (MR)
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RADIOGRAPHY VS MRI
BONE vs. Soft Tissue
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PET Scan & SPECT Scan
• PET = Positron Emission Tomography
• Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
• X-rays/MRI with Radioisotopes
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• PET Scan showing diffuse spread of prostate cancer to bone. PET has the advantage over traditional bone scanning in its ability to differentiate active from dormant disease.
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ANGIOGRAPHY/ CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
is a specialized radiographic examination where the images of the blood vessels of the body are demonstrated by injection of contrast media.
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CARDIAC-INTERVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY
• Mike Smith, RT (R) (CI)
• POST PRIMARY EXAM BEGAN IN JANUARY 2003
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INTERVENTIONALRADIOGRAPHY
• ANGIOGRAPHY
• CARDIAC CATH
• + MANY OTHERS
• RT (CV) (CIT) (CVIT)
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ANGIOGRAPHY is a specialized radiographic examination where the images of the blood
vessels of the body are demonstrated by injection
of contrast media
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Cardiovascular Interventional Radiography
• Jane Smith, RT (R) (CVI)
• Angiography
• 1991 began post primary exam for CVIT Radiographers
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Angiography of Heart vessels
• http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/images/www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/images/stent_restenosis.gif&imgrefurl=http://stent_restenosis.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/stents/www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/stents/stents_all.html&usg=__xDlbsaX9JhuYbpVojLcz19stents_all.html&usg=__xDlbsaX9JhuYbpVojLcz19apr-apr-I=&h=513&w=450&sz=59&hl=en&start=20&tbnid=I=&h=513&w=450&sz=59&hl=en&start=20&tbnid=vWwqaG-RNW7M-vWwqaG-RNW7M-M:&tbnh=131&tbnw=115&prev=/images%3FqM:&tbnh=131&tbnw=115&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dabdominal%2Bstents%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Dabdominal%2Bstents%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%3Den
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Angiography
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VASCULAR-INTERVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY
• JOE CAR, RT (R) (VI)
• POST PRIMARY EXAM BEGAN IN JANUARY 2003
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717171
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NUCLEAR
MEDICINE
use radioactive isotopes to make images
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Nuclear Medicine
• RT (NM)
• ARRT or NMTCB
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NM – Images collected afterinjections of a RADIOISOTOPE
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The tracer travels into the blood vessels until it arrives to the
bone
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PET Scan & SPECT Scan
• PET = Positron Emission Tomography
• Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
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Prostate cancer metastasized in bones
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PET NUCLEAR MED + CT or MRI- co-registration
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RADIATION THERAPY
R.T.(T)• 2 YRS ADDITIONAL EDUCATION
• CITY OF HOPE
• LLU
• CAL STATE LONG BEACH
• The branch of Radiology that involves the treatment of disease by means of high energy x-rays or radioactive substances
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RADIATION THERAPY
• branch of Radiology that involves the treatment of disease by means of high energy x-rays (GAMMA) or radioactive substances
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Radiation Therapy
• RT (T) = Registered technologist in radiation therapy technology
• Medical dosimetrists are involved in treatment planning and dose calculations
• 1-4 year program
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ULTRASOUND
uses a technique similar to Navy SONAR to produce diagnostic images.
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ULTRASOUNDCypress CollegeOrange Coast
LLU1 – 2 years
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Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
• RT (R) (S) or RT (S) or (RDMS)
• American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
• ARRT in 1999 began post primary exam
• ARRT in 2005 began primary exam
92 Determines depth
Ultrasound beam is transmitted and reflected – as special crystal at the end of the transducer candetermine the type of tissue
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Uses SOUND WAVES (NOT X-RAYS)
“real time” images
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ULTRASOUND
uses a technique similar to Navy SONAR to produce diagnostic images.
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19 Week fetus
• http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/movies/usound/19weeklabel2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/movies/usound/Hum19w4D.htm&usg=__EfDiZ2qdLFEQ_ZGPy9YS628QyPI=&h=379&w=358&sz=11&hl=en&start=71&tbnid=QqSTbyckVI-jYM:&tbnh=123&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfetal%2Bultrasound%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D60
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2D vs. 3D/4D
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U/S & the “real thing”
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Breast Sonography
• Post Primary Exam
• Valuable for Technologists that specialize in Mammography
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VASCULAR ULTRASOUND
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New - RA• Radiology Assistant (Like PA)
• Weber State (On line – Utah)
• LLU
• 3 others in US (2007 – more)
• $$$$ NEW GRADS = 100 K/YEAR (?)
• PART OF RADIOLOGIST GROUP
• As of 2007 – NOT APPROVED BY STATE to Work as RA in California
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Additional Opportunities
• Education
• Administration
• Management (QM)
• Commercial
• Radiologist Assistant = RA
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RADIOLOGY ASSISTANT RA
• LLU • 2 YRS RT• BA DEGREE
• WEBER STATE• 6YR RT
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OTHER PATHWAYS
• SALES
• APPLICATIONS SPECIALIST
• INDUSTRIAL X-RAY
• MANAGEMENT (DEGREE)
• EDUCATON
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TRAVELING TECHNOLOGIST = SEE THE WORLD AND GET $$$
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Other working opportunities…
• Registry (local)
• Registry (out of state)
• X rays taken around the world !!
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Variety of Work Settings• physicians offices,• • clinical outpatient facilities,
• free standing imaging centers,
• mobile imaging centers
• portable services to rehabs
• Mammo’s to under privileged areas
• Urgent care
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SALARY RANGES RT’s
• NEW R.T. = $ 25 -$38 PER HOUR• ON-CALL + O.T. $45,000 – $60,000 YR
• ADVANCE SPECIALTIES• $ 30 - $50 PER HOUR
• A GREAT SHORTAGE IN ALL HEALTH CARE – A GREAT NEED TO AQUIRE NEW TECHNOLOGIST TO THIS AREA
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Professional Organizations
• ASRT – American Society of Radiologic Technologist
• CSRT – California SocietySociety of Radiologic Technologists
• RTEC – Radiologic Technology Educators of California
• International Societies, other state societies, other modalities