1 chapter 12 contributed capital certificate of stock adapted from financial accounting 4e by porter...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 12
Contributed Capital
Certificate of Stock
Adapted from Financial Accounting 4e by Porter and Norton
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Disadvantages
Advantages
Equity Financing: Issue Stock
Dividend flexibility
Ready markets Often provides
higher ROI than debt financing
Borrowing may not be feasible
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Equity Financing: Issue Stock
Less control Dividends not tax deductible Hurts some financial ratios
Disadvantages
Advantages
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Expanded Accounting Equation
Assets = Liabilities + Owners’ Equity
Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity
Contributed Capital
RetainedEarnings
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Relationships among Financial Statements – Winnebago Industries, Inc.
Statement of Change in Stockholders’ Equity for 2001Beginning balance, reinvested income $ 195,556Add: Net income 42,704Deduct: Cash dividends ( 4,121)Ending balance, reinvested income $ 234,139
Balance Sheet as of August 25, 2001Total Assets $ xxxTotal Liabilities xxxCapital Stock xxxReinvested Earnings 234,139Total Liabilities & Stockholders' Equity $ xxx
Income Statement for 2001Revenues $ xxxLess: expenses xxxNet income $ 42,704
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Stockholders’ Equity Components
Preferred Stock
Common Stock
Addt’l.Paid-In Cap.
Retained Earnings
DonatedCapital
OtherMisc.
Deduct:Treasury
Stock
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Shareholders' equity:Preferred stock, 20 million shares authorized; none
issued -- --Common stock, $1 par value, 750 million shares
authorized; 182,278,766 shares issued 182 182Additional paid-in capital 2,865 2,911Treasury shares at cost: 2001 – 27,794,380; 2000 – 30,216,218 (1,716) (1,865)Accumulated other comprehensive loss (146) (2)Retained earnings 4,188 5,950
Total shareholders' equity 5,373 7,176
AMR Corporation’sPartial Balance Sheet
(in millions)2001 2000
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Contributed Capital
Common Stock» basic stock of corporation» has voting rights» represents ownership interest
Preferred Stock» optional» tailored to meet specific needs» provides dividend returns with less risk
Certificate of Stock
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Outstanding - notrepurchased or retired
Issued -sold & distributed
Number of Shares of Stock
Authorized
1,000
MaximumAllowable
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Par Value
“Legal capital” Arbitrary amount
stated on stock certificate
also called “stated value”
Certificate of Stock
$1.00 Par Value
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Additional Paid-in Capital
Amount received in excess of par or stated value of stock
Certificate of Stock$1.00 Par Value
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Retained Earnings
Net income retained in business (not paid out as dividends) since inception
Reinvested in a variety of assets (not necessarily liquid)
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Preferred Stock
Can tailor to specific needs of firm Stated dividend rate Often carries dividend preference over
common stock
$100 par,7% Preferred Stock
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Preferred Stock Features
Callable
Convertible
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Preferred Common
Cumulative
Participating
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Stock Issued for Cash
Journal Entry:Cash 15,000 Common Stock 10,000 Additional Paid-In Capital – Common 5,000
1,000 shares of $10 par value stock
sold for $15 per share
Common Stock $ 10,000( $10 par value x 1,000 shares)
Addt’l Paid-In Cap. $5,000 (($15 - $10) x 1,000 shares)
Example:
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Stock Issued for Noncash Consideration
Record at fair market value of consideration given or received, whichever is more readily determinable
Certificate of StockTitle
to land, building,
etc.
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Treasury Stock
Company buys back its own stock Contra-equity account (debit balance) Not outstanding (no voting rights)
Certificate of Stock
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Reasons for Repurchasing Stock
Provide for bonus or benefit plans Maintain favorable market value Improve financial ratios Maintain control of ownership Cash in on future price increases
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Presentation of Treasury Stock
Common stock, $10 par, 1,000 shares issued, 900 outstanding $ 10,000
Additional paid-in capital 12,000Retained earnings 15,000
37,000Less: Treasury stock, 100 shares at cost ($25 per share) ( 2,500)
Total stockholders’ equity $34,500
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Cash Dividends
Paidto
Stockholderson date of record
Date of declaration
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Payment date
on1 2 3
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dividend check forDate
Dept.. of Treasurer
Jane Doe
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Dividends
Record dividends when declared; not when paid
Reduce retained earnings
12/31/03 1/15/04
Paydividends
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Recording Cash Dividends
Retained Earnings XXX
Cash Dividend Payable XXX
To record the declaration of a cash dividend.
Cash Dividend Payable XXX
Cash XXX
To record dividend payment. dividend check forDate
Dept.. of Treasurer
Jane Doe
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Dividend Requirements
Sufficient cash Positive retained
earnings
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Dividend Payout Ratio
Annual dividendNet income
The % of earnings paid as dividends
Dividend check forDate
Dept.. of Treasurer
Jane DoeI.M. Treasurer
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Allocation of Cash Dividends
1) Distribute dividends in arrears, if any, to preferred
2) Distribute current dividends to preferred
3) Distribute remainder to common (or to both if preferred is participating)
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Cash Dividends Example
Stricker Company declares a $70,000 dividend for 2004 (no dividends were paid in 2002 or 2003).
There are 10,000 shares of $10 par, 8% preferred stock and 40,000 shares of $5 par common stock outstanding.
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Cash Dividends Example
Preferred Common
Step 1: Distribute current-year dividend to
preferred (10,000 shares x $10 par x 8% x 1 yr.) $8,000
Step 2: Distribute remaining dividend to common
($70,000 - $8,000) $62,000
Total allocated $8,000 $62,000
Noncumulative Preferred Stock
$0.80per
share
$1.55per
share
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Cash Dividends Example
Preferred Common
Step 1: Distribute dividends in arrears to
preferred (10,000 shares x $10 par x 8% x 2 yrs.) $16,000
Step 2: Distribute current-year dividend to
preferred (10,000 shares x $10 par x 8% x 1 yr.) 8,000
Step 3: Distribute remaining dividend to common
($70,000 - $24,000) $46,000
Total allocated $24,000 $46,000
Cumulative Preferred Stock
$2.40per
share
$1.15per
share
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Cash Dividends Example
Preferred CommonStep 1: Distribute dividend in arrears topreferred (10,000 shares x $10 x 8% x 2 yrs.) $16,000Step 2: Distribute current-year dividend to preferred (10,000 shares x $10 par x 8% x 1 yr.) 8,000Step 3: Distribute equal percentage to common(40,000 shares x $5 x 8%) $16,000Step 4: Remainder to preferred and common onbasis of total par value 10,000 20,000Total allocated $34,000 $36,000
Cumulative and Participating Preferred Stock
$3.40per
share
$0.90per
share
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Stock Dividends
Reasons: insufficient cash market price reduction nontaxable to recipients
Certificate of StockCertificate of Stock
Certificate of StockCertificate of Stock
Certificate of StockCertificate of Stock
Issue of additional shares proportionately to existing stockholders
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Stockholders’ Equity:Common stock, $10 par, 5,000 shares $ 50,000Additional paid-in cap. 30,000 Retained earnings 70,000
Total $150,000
Assume Shah Company declares 10% stock dividend;500 shares @ $40 per share market value
BeforeDividend
Small Stock Dividend Example
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Stockholders’ Equity:Common stock, $10 par, 5,500 shares $ 50,000 $ 55,000Additional paid-in cap. 30,000 45,000Retained earnings 70,000 50,000
Total $ 150,000 $150,000
$40 market value deducted from retained earnings; allocated between Common Stock (initially Common Stock Dividend Distributable) and Additional Paid-In Capital.
Before After
Small Stock Dividend Example
++-
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Before After
Total S/E is unchanged
Small Stock Dividend Example
++-
Stockholders’ Equity:Common stock, $10 par, 5,500 shares $ 50,000 $ 55,000Additional paid-in cap. 30,000 45,000Retained earnings 70,000 50,000
Total $ 150,000 $150,000
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Stockholders’ Equity:Common stock, $10 par, 5,000 shares $ 50,000Additional paid-in cap. 30,000 Retained earnings 70,000
Total $150,000
Assume Shah Company declares 100% stock dividend
BeforeDividend
Large Stock Dividend Example
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Stockholders’ Equity:Common stock, $10 par, 10,000 shares $ 50,000 $100,000Additional paid-in cap. 30,000 30,000Retained earnings 70,000 20,000
Total $ 150,000 $150,000
Dividend deducted from retained earnings and recorded in the Common Stock account at par. Additional Paid-In Capital account is unaffected.
Before After
Large Stock Dividend Example
+
-
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Stockholders’ Equity:Common stock, $10 par, 10,000 shares $ 50,000 $100,000Additional paid-in cap. 30,000 30,000Retained earnings 70,000 20,000
Total $ 150,000 $150,000
Before After
Total S/E is unchanged
Large Stock Dividend Example
+
-
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Stock Splits
Results in additional issuance of shares Reduces par value per share No change in Stockholders’ Equity
accounts
Certificate of Stock$3 par value
Certificate of StockCertificate of Stock
Certificate of Stock$1 par value
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Stock Splits
Not recorded in accounts
Splits reduce market value per share and make stock more affordable to a wider range of investors Disclose
in notes
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Stockholders’ Equity:Common stock, $10 par, 5,000 shares $ 50,000Additional paid-in cap. 30,000 Retained earnings 70,000
Total $ 150,000
BeforeSplit
2-for-1 Stock Split Example
Assume Shah Company declares 2-for-1 stock split.
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Stockholders’ Equity:Common stock, $5.00 par, 10,000 shares $ 50,000 $ 50,000Additional paid-in cap. 30,000 30,000Retained earnings 70,000 70,000
Total $ 150,000 $150,000
Before After
All accounts are unchanged
2-for-1 Stock Split Example
Only disclosures are affected
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Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
Shows changes in all equity accounts including» Sales and Purchases of capital stock
Includes:Statement of Retained Earnings
Beginning retained earningsAdd: Net incomeSubtract: Dividends= Ending retained earnings
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Statement of Comprehensive Income
Income Statement
For Year Ended Dec. 31, 20xx
Revenues xxx
Expenses xxx
Other gains and losses xxx
Income before tax xxx
Income tax expense xxx
Net income xxx
Statement of Comprehensive IncomeFor Year Ended Dec. 31, 20xx
Net income xxxForeign currency translation adjustment xxxUnrealized holding gains/losses xxxMinimum pension liability adjustment xxxOther comprehensive income xxxComprehensive income xxx
Comprehensive income – the total change in net assets from all sources except investments by or distributions to the owners
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Analyzing Owners’ Equity
Book value per share » rights of each share to net
assets of corporation
Market value per share » price at which stock is
currently selling
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Book Value per Share
Rights of common stockholders in event of liquidation
Generally represents “floor” price of stock
Total Common Stockholders’ Equity
# of Common Shares Outstanding
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Book Value vs. Market Value
Which value would you expect to pay for a share of Wrigley stock?
What factors account for the difference between the two values?
From Delta's 2001 annual report:
Book value per share: $26.91
Market value per share
in 2001: $38.24 (avg.)
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Stockholders’ Equity Items on the Statement of Cash Flows
Operating Activities
Net income xxx
Investing Activities
Financing Activities
Issuance of stock +
Retirement or repurchase of stock -
Payment of dividends -
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Appendix
Accounting Tools:
Unincorporated Businesses
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Sole Proprietorships
Not a separate legal entity so owner has unlimited liability
Must keep personal and business records separate
Business income is declared on the owner’s personal tax return and taxed at personal tax rate
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Sole Proprietorships
Owner’s withdrawal of assets from business:
Peter Tom, Drawing 6,000
Equipment 6,000
Owners’ drawing or withdrawal accounts are contra-equity accounts
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Sole Proprietorships Drawing or withdrawal and income
summary accounts are closed to the owner’s capital account
Owner’s Equity section of the balance sheet consists of the capital account:
Beginning balance $ 0Plus: Investments 10,000
Net Income 4,000Less: Withdrawals (6,000)Ending balance $ 8,000
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Partnerships
Unlimited liability Limited life – partnership agreements can
and do end Not taxed as a separate entity
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Partnerships
Distribution of income: Equal distribution Stated ratio Other allocation
» For example, based on salaries, interest on invested capital, and a stated ratio
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End of Chapter 12
Certificate of Stock