1 chapter 6 chemical quantities 6.2 the mole copyright © 2008 by pearson education, inc. publishing...
TRANSCRIPT
1
Chapter 6 Chemical Quantities
6.2
The Mole
Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
2
Collection Terms
A collection term states a specific number of items.
• 1 dozen donuts = 12 donuts
• 1 ream of paper = 500 sheets
• 1 case = 24 cans
Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
3
A mole (mol) is a collection that contains
• The same number of particles as there are carbon atoms in 12.01 g of carbon.
• 6.022 x 1023 atoms of an element (Avogadro’s number).
1 mol C = 6.022 x 1023 C atoms
1 mol Na = 6.022 x 1023 Na atoms
1 mol Au = 6.022 x 1023 Au atoms
A Mole of Atoms
4
A mole
• Of a covalent compound has Avogadro’s number of molecules.
1 mol CO2 = 6.022 x 1023 CO2 molecules
1 mol H2O = 6.022 x 1023 H2O molecules
• Of an ionic compound contains Avogadro’s number of formula units.
1 mol NaCl = 6.022 x 1023 NaCl formula units
1 mol K2SO4 = 6.022 x 1023 K2SO4 formula units
A Mole of A Compound
5
Samples of One Mole Quantities
Table 6.1
Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
6
Avogadro’s number 6.022 x 1023 can be written asan equality and two conversion factors.
As an equality:
1 mol = 6.022 x 1023 particles
As conversion Factors:
6.022 x 1023 particles and 1 mol 1 mol 6.022 x 1023 particles
Avogadro’s Number
7
Using Avogadro’s Number
Avogadro’s number• Converts moles of a substance to
the number of particles.
How many Cu atoms are in 0.50 mol
Cu?
0.50 mol Cu x 6.022 x 1023 Cu atoms
1 mol Cu
= 3.0 x 1023 Cu atoms Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
8
Using Avogadro’s NumberAvogadro’s number• Converts particles of a substance to
moles.
How many moles of CO2 are
2.50 x 1024 CO2 molecules?
2.50 x 1024 CO2 x 1 mol CO2
6.022 x 1023 CO2
= 4.15 mol CO2
9
1. The number of atoms in 2.0 mol Al is
A. 2.0 Al atoms
B. 3.0 x 1023 Al atoms
C. 1.2 x 1024 Al atoms
2. The number of moles of S in 1.8 x 1024 atoms S is
A. 1.0 mol S atoms
B. 3.0 mol S atoms
C. 1.1 x 1048 mol S atoms
Learning Check
10
C. 1.2 x 1024 Al atoms
2.0 mol Al x 6.022 x 1023 Al atoms 1 mol Al
B. 3.0 mol S atoms
1.8 x 1024 S atoms x 1 mol S 6.022 x 1023 S atoms
Solution
11
Subscripts and Moles
The subscripts in a formula state• The relationship of atoms in the formula.• The moles of each element in 1 mol of compound.
Glucose
C6H12O6
In 1 molecule: 6 atoms C 12 atoms H 6 atoms O
In 1 mol: 6 mol C 12 mol H 6 mol O
12
Subscripts State Atoms and Moles
1 mol C9H8O4 = 9 mol C 8 mol H 4 mol O
Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
13
Factors from Subscripts
Subscripts used for conversion factors• Relate moles of each element in 1 mol compound. • For aspirin C9H8O4 can be written as:
9 mol C 8 mol H 4 mol O
1 mol C9H8O4 1 mol C9H8O4 1 mol C9H8O4
and
1 mol C9H8O4 1 mol C9H8O4 1 mol C9H8O4
9 mol C 8 mol H 4 mol O
14
Learning Check
A. How many moles O are in 0.150 mol aspirin C9H8O4?
B. How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin C9H8O4?
15
Solution
A. How many mol O are in 0.150 mol aspirin C9H8O4?
0.150 mol C9H8O4 x 4 mol O = 0.600 mol O
1 mol C9H8O4
subscript factor
B. How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin C9H8O4?
0.150 mol C9H8O4 x 4 mol O x 6.022 x 1023 O atoms
1 mol C9H8O4 1 mol O subscript Avogadro’s
factor Number= 3.61 x 1023 O atoms
16
Learning Check
How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin C9H8O4?
17
Solution
How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin C9H8O4?
0.150 mol C9H8O4 x 4 mol O x 6.022 x 1023 O atoms
1 mol C9H8O4 1 mol O
subscript Avogadro’s
factor number
= 3.61 x 1023 O atoms