1 chapter seven introduction to sampling distributions section 1 sampling distribution
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter Seven
Introduction to Sampling Distributions
Section 1
Sampling Distribution
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Key Points
• Review such commonly used terms as random sample, relative frequency, parameter, statistic, and sampling distributions
• From raw data, construct a relative frequency distribution for x-bar values and compare the result to a theoretical sampling sitribution
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Review of Statistical Terms
• Population
• Sample
• Parameter
• Statistic
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Population
the set of all measurements (either existing or conceptual) under
consideration
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Sample
a subset of measurements from a population
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Statistic
a numerical descriptive measure of a sample
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Parameter
a numerical descriptive measure of a population
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We use a statistic to make inferences about a population
parameter.
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Principal types of inferences
• Estimate the value of a population parameter
• Formulate a decision about the value of a population parameter
• Make a prediction about the value of a statistical variable.
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Sampling Distribution
a probability distribution for the sample statistic we are using
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Example of a Sampling Distribution
Select samples with two elements each (in sequence with
replacement) from the set
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
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Constructing a Sampling Distribution of the Mean for
Samples of Size n = 2List all samples and compute the mean of each sample.
sample: mean: sample: mean
{1,1} 1.0 {1,6} 3.5{1,2} 1.5 {2,1} 1.5{1,3} 2.0 {2,2} 4{1,4} 2.5 … ...{1,5} 3.0
There are 36 different samples.
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Sampling Distribution of the Mean
p
1.0 1/361.5 2/362.0 3/362.5 4/363.0 5/363.5 6/364.0 5/364.5 4/36 5.0 3/365.5 2/36 6.0 1/36
x
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Sampling Distribution Histogram
| | | | | | | | | | | |
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
36
6
36
1
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Pinedale Related Review Problems
Pinedale, Wisconsin, is a rural community with a children’s fishing pond. All fish caught under 6 inches in length must be released. 100 children are selected and the lengths of 5 fish they caught are recorded along with the mean length of the 5 fish for each child.
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What type of measurement is the mean of the average recorded fish lengths for the 100 children?
Pinedale Related Review Problems
-The mean is a statistic because it is from a sample of fish lengths
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How can the relative frequencies of the individual fish length means be used to help us estimate probabilities occurring in the sampling distributions of fish lengths?
Pinedale Related Review Problems
-Relative frequencies are measures or estimates of the likelihood of a certain statistic falling within the class bounds.
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