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Chemistry 9-13-12Chemistry 9-13-12Bell Ringer 6: Practice calculating density, mass and volume. ( show your work!)Bell Ringer 6: Practice calculating density, mass and volume. ( show your work!)  1. What is the density of an object whose mass equals 45 g and whose volume 1. What is the density of an object whose mass equals 45 g and whose volume equals 50 cmequals 50 cm33??  2. Calculate the mass of 65.0 cm2. Calculate the mass of 65.0 cm33 of mercury using the density just calculated for of mercury using the density just calculated for mercury.mercury.  3. A student needs 15 g of ethyl alcohol for an experiment. If the density equals 3. A student needs 15 g of ethyl alcohol for an experiment. If the density equals 0.789 g/mL, how many mL of alcohol are needed?0.789 g/mL, how many mL of alcohol are needed?  4. Magnesium has a density of 17. 4 g/cm4. Magnesium has a density of 17. 4 g/cm33. What is the volume of 0.275 kg of this . What is the volume of 0.275 kg of this metal?metal?  5. What is the density of a piece of aluminum with a mass of 5.17 g and a volume of 5. What is the density of a piece of aluminum with a mass of 5.17 g and a volume of 1.91 cm1.91 cm33? What is the density in grams per milliliter?? What is the density in grams per milliliter?  6. Calculate the mass of a liquid with a density of 3.2 g/mL and a volume of 25 mL.6. Calculate the mass of a liquid with a density of 3.2 g/mL and a volume of 25 mL.  7. Calculate the density of a 500 g rectangular block with the following dimensions: 7. Calculate the density of a 500 g rectangular block with the following dimensions: length=8cm, width=6 cm, height=5 cm.length=8cm, width=6 cm, height=5 cm.  

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What is Matter?What is Matter? MatterMatter is anything that takes up space is anything that takes up space

and has mass.and has mass. MassMass is the amount of matter in an is the amount of matter in an

object.object. MassMass is resistance to change in motion is resistance to change in motion

along a smooth and level surface.along a smooth and level surface. ExamplesExamples

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Now Review and Add Now Review and Add notes time!!!!!!!notes time!!!!!!!

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PropertiesProperties Words that describe matter (adjectives)Words that describe matter (adjectives) Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties- a property that can - a property that can

be observed and measured without be observed and measured without changing the substance.changing the substance.

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties- a property that - a property that can only be observed by changing the can only be observed by changing the type of substance. type of substance.

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PropertiesProperties Words that describe matter (adjectives)Words that describe matter (adjectives) Extensive PropertiesExtensive Properties- only depends on the amount of matter- only depends on the amount of matter

» Mass Mass - A measurement of the amount of matter in a object (grams). - A measurement of the amount of matter in a object (grams). » WeightWeight - A measurement of the gravitational force of attraction of the earth acting on - A measurement of the gravitational force of attraction of the earth acting on

an object. an object. » VolumeVolume - A measurement of the amount of space a substance occupies. - A measurement of the amount of space a substance occupies. » LengthLength

Intensive PropertiesIntensive Properties- only depends on the type of matter, not the amount- only depends on the type of matter, not the amount Used to identify a substanceUsed to identify a substance

» ColorColor » OdorOdor » LusterLuster - How shiny a substance is. - How shiny a substance is. » MalleabilityMalleability - The ability of a substance to be beaten into thin sheets. - The ability of a substance to be beaten into thin sheets. » DuctilityDuctility - The ability of a substance to be drawn into thin wires. - The ability of a substance to be drawn into thin wires. » ConductivityConductivity - The ability of a substance to allow the flow of energy or electricity. - The ability of a substance to allow the flow of energy or electricity. » HardnessHardness - How easily a substance can be scratched. - How easily a substance can be scratched. » Melting/Freezing PointMelting/Freezing Point - The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a - The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a

substance are in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure. substance are in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure. » Boiling PointBoiling Point - The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to - The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to

the pressure on the liquid (generally atmospheric pressure). the pressure on the liquid (generally atmospheric pressure). » DensityDensity - The mass of a substance divided by its volume - The mass of a substance divided by its volume

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9-17-12 Chemistry Agenda9-17-12 Chemistry Agenda1. Retest1. Retest2. Complete Density Problems…ask 2. Complete Density Problems…ask teacher to check over answers BEFORE teacher to check over answers BEFORE you submit them…6 problems 3. Next…you submit them…6 problems 3. Next…notes over matter continued…notes over matter continued…4. Changes of Matter worksheet –Identify 4. Changes of Matter worksheet –Identify if a change is either physical or chemicalif a change is either physical or chemical

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9-18-12 Chemistry 9-18-12 Chemistry ..TextbookTextbook CalciumCalciumCell phoneCell phone orange juiceorange juice20 oz. of Cola20 oz. of Cola a shoea shoeWater vaporWater vapor saltsaltOxygenOxygen detergentdetergentLiquid MercuryLiquid Mercury baking sodabaking sodaCakeCake nitrogen nitrogen

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States of matterStates of matter SolidSolid- mater that can not flow and has - mater that can not flow and has

definite volume.definite volume. LiquidLiquid- definite volume but takes the - definite volume but takes the

shape of its container (flows).shape of its container (flows). GasGas- a substance without definite - a substance without definite

volume or shape and can flow.volume or shape and can flow. VaporVapor- a substance that is currently a - a substance that is currently a

gas but normally is a liquid or solid at gas but normally is a liquid or solid at room temperature.room temperature.

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States of MatterStates of Matter

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Definite Volume?

YES

YES

NO

Definite Shape?

YES

NO

NO

Temp. increaseSmall Expans.

Small Expans.

Large Expans.

Com-pressible?

NO

NO

YES

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Solid Liquid Gas

Melt Evaporate

CondenseFreeze

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States of MatterStates of Matter There are moreThere are more PlasmaPlasma

– high temperature low pressure high temperature low pressure – electrons separate from nucleuselectrons separate from nucleus– Most common in the universeMost common in the universe

More at very low tempMore at very low temp– Bose- Einstein condensateBose- Einstein condensate– Quantum superfluidsQuantum superfluids

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Changes of MatterChanges of MatterTwo types of changes: Physical and ChemicalTwo types of changes: Physical and Chemical

• • Physical ChangePhysical Change: : does not produce a new substance – molecules are does not produce a new substance – molecules are the same; A change that changes appearances, without changing the the same; A change that changes appearances, without changing the compositioncompositionExamples: undergoes a phase change ( condensate, sublimates, Examples: undergoes a phase change ( condensate, sublimates, evaporates, freezes, or melts), changes size or shape, no chemical evaporates, freezes, or melts), changes size or shape, no chemical reaction occursreaction occurs

• • Chemical ChangeChemical Change: : produces a new substance – molecules change; a produces a new substance – molecules change; a change where a new form of matter is formed. Also called a chemical change where a new form of matter is formed. Also called a chemical reaction.reaction.Examples: a color change, a precipitate forms, combustion, cellular Examples: a color change, a precipitate forms, combustion, cellular respiration, digestion, photosynthesis, heat or light is given off or formed, it respiration, digestion, photosynthesis, heat or light is given off or formed, it bubbles, any change that is irreversible without chemical means. bubbles, any change that is irreversible without chemical means.

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Bell Work 9-19-12 ChemistryBell Work 9-19-12 Chemistry1. Copy the terms then state if each of the following is a physical or a chemical 1. Copy the terms then state if each of the following is a physical or a chemical property of matter. ( if it is physical, then state if it is extensive or intensive).property of matter. ( if it is physical, then state if it is extensive or intensive).a.a.Luster Luster b.b.OdorOdorc.c.MassMassd.d.BubblingBubblinge.e.TextureTexturef.f.LengthLengthg.g.DecompositionDecompositionh.h.combustioncombustion2. State whether a chemical or a physical change has occurred. 2. State whether a chemical or a physical change has occurred. a.a.Condensation formingCondensation formingb.b.Hydrogen and oxygen gas combing to form waterHydrogen and oxygen gas combing to form waterc.c.Chocolate meltingChocolate meltingd.d.Making table salt ( sodium metal with chlorine gas)Making table salt ( sodium metal with chlorine gas)

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Chemistry Agenda – 9-20-12Chemistry Agenda – 9-20-121.1. Do your bell work ( 8 questions)Do your bell work ( 8 questions)2.2. Take notes ( Matter continued)Take notes ( Matter continued)3.3. Practice Identifying Types of Matter Practice Identifying Types of Matter

( worksheet- independent practice- due ( worksheet- independent practice- due today) today)

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Classification of MatterClassification of MatterMatter is classified as either a Pure Matter is classified as either a Pure Substance or as a Mixture.Substance or as a Mixture.

Pure substances are identified as either Pure substances are identified as either elements or compounds.elements or compounds.

Mixtures are identified by type: Mixtures are identified by type: Heterogeneous or Homogeneous Heterogeneous or Homogeneous

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MixturesMixtures Made up of two substances.Made up of two substances. Variable composition.Variable composition. HeterogeneousHeterogeneous- mixture is not the same - mixture is not the same

from place to place. ExChocolate chip from place to place. ExChocolate chip cookie, gravel, soil.cookie, gravel, soil.

HomogeneousHomogeneous- same composition - same composition throughout. Ex. Kool-aid, air.throughout. Ex. Kool-aid, air.

Every part keeps its properties.Every part keeps its properties.

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Separating mixturesSeparating mixtures Only a physical change- no new matterOnly a physical change- no new matter Filtration- separate solids from liquids Filtration- separate solids from liquids

with a barrierwith a barrier Distillation- separate because of Distillation- separate because of

different boiling pointsdifferent boiling points– Heat mixtureHeat mixture– Catch vapor in cooled areaCatch vapor in cooled area

Chromatography- different substances different substances are attracted to paper or gel, so move at are attracted to paper or gel, so move at different speedsdifferent speeds

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SolutionsSolutions Homogeneous mixtureHomogeneous mixture Mixed molecule by moleculeMixed molecule by molecule Can occur between any state of matter.Can occur between any state of matter. Solid in liquid- Kool-aidSolid in liquid- Kool-aid Liquid in liquid- antifreezeLiquid in liquid- antifreeze Gas in gas- airGas in gas- air Solid in solid - brassSolid in solid - brass Liquid in gas- water vaporLiquid in gas- water vapor

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SolutionsSolutions Like all mixtures, they keep the Like all mixtures, they keep the

properties of the components.properties of the components. Can be separated by physical meansCan be separated by physical means Not easily separated- Not easily separated- cancan be separated be separated

without creating anything new.without creating anything new.

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SubstancesSubstances ElementsElements- simplest kind of matter- simplest kind of matter Cannot be broken down into simplerCannot be broken down into simpler All one kind of atom.All one kind of atom. CompoundsCompounds are substances that can be are substances that can be

broken down by chemical methodsbroken down by chemical methods When they are broken down, the pieces When they are broken down, the pieces

have completely different properties have completely different properties than the compound. than the compound. Salt

Made of Made of moleculesmolecules- two or more atoms - two or more atoms stuck togetherstuck together

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Compound or MixtureCompound or MixtureCompound Mixture

One kind of piece-Molecules

More than one kind - Molecule or atoms

Making is a chemical change

Making is a physical change

Only one kind Variable composition

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Bell Ringer #9 Chemistry Bell Ringer #9 Chemistry 9-21-129-21-12

Copy and the classify the following as either a pure substance Copy and the classify the following as either a pure substance ( element or compound) OR as a mixture ( homogenous or ( element or compound) OR as a mixture ( homogenous or heterogeneous)heterogeneous)

1.1.Sodium hydroxideSodium hydroxide2.2.Mixed vegetablesMixed vegetables3.3.FluorineFluorine4.4.ToothpasteToothpaste5.5.Calcium chlorideCalcium chloride6.6.Pure waterPure water7.7.airair

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Chemistry 9-24-12Chemistry 9-24-12Add these to your last page on the back!!Add these to your last page on the back!!

1) A block of aluminum occupies a volume of 15.0 mL and weighs 1) A block of aluminum occupies a volume of 15.0 mL and weighs 40.5 g. What is its density? 40.5 g. What is its density?

2) Mercury metal is poured into a graduated cylinder that holds 2) Mercury metal is poured into a graduated cylinder that holds exactly 22.5 mL. The mercury used to fill the cylinder weighs 306.0 exactly 22.5 mL. The mercury used to fill the cylinder weighs 306.0 g. From this information, calculate the density of mercury. g. From this information, calculate the density of mercury.

3) What is the weight of the ethyl alcohol that exactly fills a 200.0 3) What is the weight of the ethyl alcohol that exactly fills a 200.0 mL container? The density of ethyl alcohol is 0.789 g/mL. mL container? The density of ethyl alcohol is 0.789 g/mL.