1 color rein van den boomgaard. 2 color images 3
TRANSCRIPT
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color
rein van den boomgaard
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color images
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color images
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color images
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the physics of color
Light is electromagnetic energy
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spectral color vs object color
Lamp
objectcolor
beamcolor
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light source
sensor
object
object color
l(λ)
c (λ)
l(λ)c (λ)
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object color
e(λ )=m l(λ) c (λ) variation due to geometry
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photoreceptors in the retina
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photoreceptors in the retina
In the retina photoreceptors measure the light
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photoreceptors in the retina
Rodsfor low light levels (only B/W)
Conesfor normal light levels
for color detectionThree types of cones sensitive to different wavelenghts
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sensitivity of the cones
300 400 500 600 700 800 9000
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
L
M
S
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example
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'calculate' SML
S=∫e (λ )s s(λ)d λ
M=∫e (λ)sm(λ)d λ
L=∫e (λ)sl(λ)d λ
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color blindness (see Wikipedia)
Protanopia: Lacking the long-wavelength sensitive retinal cones, those with this condition are unable to distinguish between colors in the green-yellow-red section of the spectrum. They have a neutral point at a wavelength of 492 nmthat is, they cannot discriminate light of this wavelength from white.
Deuteranopia: Lacking the medium-wavelength cones, those affected are again unable to distinguish between colors in the green-yellow-red section of the spectrum. Their neutral point is at a slightly longer wavelength, 498 nm.
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color blindness
about 10 percent of males is colorblindit is wise to check your colors in design to see whether
colorblind people can distinguish the important colors
http://colorfilter.wickline.org/
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colorimetrie
De SML gevoeligheidscurves zijn pas enige tientallen jaren met enige nauwkeurigheid bekend.
Kleursystemen zijn veel ouder
Colormatching: gebruik menselijk oog als meetinstrument
om zoveel mogelijk de subjectiviteit van de menselijke beoordeling uit te sluiten 'vragen' we de mens alleen over gelijkheid van kleuren te oordelen
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a 1 1pa 2 2pa 3 3p
t
color matching experiment
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rgb color matching functions
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xyz color matching matrix
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XYZ color system
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chromaticity coordinates
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xy – chromaticity diagram
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color reproduction
Faithfull color reproduction is possible using any three colorimetric independent light sources.
a1
a2
a3
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color reproduction
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color reproduction
a1a2 a3
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color gamut
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color gamut
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different color gamuts
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RGB cube
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RGB to XYZ
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the RGB color cube
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the RGB color cube
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the RGB color cube
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color camera’s
a color CCD camera is either:3 ‘parallel’ camera’s, one for Red, one for Green and one
for Blue, or
3 ‘interwoven’ camera’s (Red, Green and Blue pixels mixed on the CCD: this is a lot like the human retina)
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3 CCD color camera
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Bayer color mosaic
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finding Waldo
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punctal COLOR observations
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skin color
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skin pixels, not-skin pixelsRGB - space versus rgb - space
skin color
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skin color
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hue – saturation – value
hue: the dominant color (red/green/blue/...)
saturation: pure color (saturation = 1) or almost colorless (mixed with grey: saturation = 0)
value: the intensity (what you would see with a black and white camera)
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hue – saturation – value
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hue – saturation – value
BB
GG
RR
HH SS
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hue
BB
GG
RR
HH SS
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color (hue) histogram