1 concepts and measures of race and ethnicity: glimpses from the uw-bhs charles hirschman &...
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Concepts and Measures of Concepts and Measures of Race and Ethnicity: Race and Ethnicity:
Glimpses from the UW-BHSGlimpses from the UW-BHS
Charles Hirschman & Anthony Daniel Charles Hirschman & Anthony Daniel PerezPerez
CSDE SeminarCSDE SeminarOctober 19, 2007October 19, 2007
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Simple Conceptual ModelSimple Conceptual Model
ANCESTRY IDENTITYIDENTITY
Assumed Cause
Inference
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ANCESTRY
PhysicalAppearance
IDENTITY
ReflectedAppearance
Group History
Historical Model of the Evolution of Historical Model of the Evolution of Ethnic IdentitiesEthnic Identities
Culture&
Language
Community Attachment &Participation
FamilySocialization
CollectiveMemory
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Challenges of Measuring Race/EthnicityChallenges of Measuring Race/Ethnicity Number & meaning of categories changeNumber & meaning of categories change
• Nations = races in 19Nations = races in 19th th c (Irish, Chinese etc)c (Irish, Chinese etc)• Social groups w/shared ancestry in 20Social groups w/shared ancestry in 20thth c c• May change again in 21May change again in 21stst
““Identity” largely subjective Identity” largely subjective • People with shared ancestry and phenotype People with shared ancestry and phenotype
can respond differentlycan respond differently• May not see themselves as others see themMay not see themselves as others see them
Mode of data collection, write-in Mode of data collection, write-in categories, examples affect reportingcategories, examples affect reporting
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Statistical Directive No. 15 (1977): “Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal
Statistics and Administrative Reporting”
“these classifications should not be interpreted as being scientific or anthropological in nature, nor should they be viewed as determinants of eligibility for participation in any Federal program.”
“persons with mixed ancestry or origins should be classified in “the category, which most closely reflects the individual’s recognition in his community.”
Race:• White • Black• American Indian or
Alaska Native• Asian/Pacific Islander
Ethnicity:• Hispanic• Non-Hispanic
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1997 Revision of OMB 15 1997 Revision of OMB 15 Political Pressures for RecognitionPolitical Pressures for Recognition
• Peoples from the Middle EastPeoples from the Middle East• NHOPI (Native Hawaiian and Pacific NHOPI (Native Hawaiian and Pacific
Islander)Islander)• Multiracial identities: Multiracial identities:
select one or more racesselect one or more races
Hispanic/Latino/Spanish OriginHispanic/Latino/Spanish Origin• Still separate questionStill separate question
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Racial Composition of the Total and Racial Composition of the Total and Hispanic PopulationsHispanic Populations
Percent by Race PercentTotal Pop Hispanic Hispanic
Single Race 97.4% 93.6% 12.0% White 75.1% 47.8% 8.0% Black 12.2% 1.8% 1.9% AIAN 0.9% 1.0% 14.7% Asian 3.6% 0.3% 1.0% NHOPI 0.1% 0.1% 8.8% Some Other Race (SOR) 5.5% 42.6% 97.1%
Mulitple Race 2.6% 6.4% 31.1%Total 100.0% 100.0% 12.5%
Source: 1% public use microdata sample of the 2000 Census (IPUMS)
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Racial Composition of the Total and Racial Composition of the Total and Hispanic PopulationsHispanic Populations
Percent by Race PercentTotal Pop Hispanic Hispanic
Single Race 97.4% 93.6% 12.0% White 75.1% 47.8% 8.0% Black 12.2% 1.8% 1.9% AIAN 0.9% 1.0% 14.7% Asian 3.6% 0.3% 1.0% NHOPI 0.1% 0.1% 8.8% Some Other Race (SOR) 5.5% 42.6% 97.1%
Mulitple Race 2.6% 6.4% 31.1%Total 100.0% 100.0% 12.5%
Source: 1% public use microdata sample of the 2000 Census (IPUMS)
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Current and Planned Measures in Current and Planned Measures in the UW-BHSthe UW-BHS
Standard Census itemsStandard Census items• RaceRace• Hispanic OriginHispanic Origin• Open ended Ancestry questionOpen ended Ancestry question
Additional itemsAdditional items• Best Race/Ethnic IdentityBest Race/Ethnic Identity• Reflected Race/EthnicityReflected Race/Ethnicity• Parental Birthplace and AncestryParental Birthplace and Ancestry• Administrative Race/Ethnicity Administrative Race/Ethnicity
Observed race (and other attributes) Observed race (and other attributes) forthcoming forthcoming
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Census AncestryCensus Ancestry
Best Race/Ethnic IdentityBest Race/Ethnic Identity
Reflected Race/EthnicityReflected Race/Ethnicity
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Responses to the Responses to the Census Race Question Census Race Question
BHS High School Seniors:BHS High School Seniors:
2000-20052000-2005
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Examples of Write In ResponsesExamples of Write In Responses
Possible to RecodePossible to Recode• Irish, ItalianIrish, Italian• Nigerian, JamaicanNigerian, Jamaican
Identities Beyond Standard CategoriesIdentities Beyond Standard Categories• Azorean, Trinidadian, CreoleAzorean, Trinidadian, Creole• Aztec/MayanAztec/Mayan• JewishJewish• Mexican/other Hispanic write-ins to the “Race” questionMexican/other Hispanic write-ins to the “Race” question
Non-Response, but Important DataNon-Response, but Important Data• AMERICAN, AMERICAN, FROM MARS, HEINZ 57, HUMAN RACEFROM MARS, HEINZ 57, HUMAN RACE• THE 2 MILE IS MY RACETHE 2 MILE IS MY RACE• STOP ATTACHING RACE TO HOW A PERSON THINKS, SICKOSSTOP ATTACHING RACE TO HOW A PERSON THINKS, SICKOS
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Distribution of Mentioned Distribution of Mentioned Races Races
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1919
What Races are Most Likely to What Races are Most Likely to be Mentioned in Combination be Mentioned in Combination
with Other Races?with Other Races?
2020
2121
2222
2323
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ConclusionsConclusions Race/ethnicity is a multidimensional Race/ethnicity is a multidimensional
characteristiccharacteristic• similar to ethnicitysimilar to ethnicity• Contingent on many factorsContingent on many factors
Objectives are to measure:Objectives are to measure:• Linkages among identitiesLinkages among identities• How identities are socially determinedHow identities are socially determined• How identities shape other dimensions How identities shape other dimensions
of young adulthood of young adulthood